Electricity Regulation Act, 1999

Electricity Regulation Act, 1999 Skip to content Disclaimer Feedback Helpdesk Gaeilge Léim go dtí an t-ábhar Séanadh Aiseolas Deasc chabhrach English Gaeilge English Produced by the Office of the Attorney General Táirgthe ag Oifig an Ard-Aighne Home Legislation Acts of the Oireachtas Statutory Instruments Pre-1922 Legislation Constitution External Resources Bills (Houses of the Oireachtas) Iris Oifigiúil / Official Gazette Revised Acts (LRC) Classified List of Legislation (LRC) Translations (acts.ie) Translations (Houses of the Oireachtas) Government Publications for Sale EU Law (EUR-Lex) FAQ Disclaimer Feedback Helpdesk Search Baile Reachtaíocht Achtanna an Oireachtais Ionstraimí Reachtúla Reachtaíocht Réamh-1922 Bunreacht Acmhainní Seachtracha Billí (Tithe an Oireachtais) Iris Oifigiúil Achtanna Athbhreithnithe (CAD) (An Coimisiún um Athchóiriú an Dlí) Liosta Rangaithe Reachtaíochta Aistriúcháin (achtanna.ie) Aistriúcháin (Tithe an Oireachtais) Foilseacháin Rialtais ar Díol Dlí AE (EUR-Lex) CCanna (Ceisteanna Coitianta) Séanadh Aiseolas Deasc chabhrach Cuardach TitleTeideal Year(s) or rangeBliain nó blianta nó raon TypeCineál All Legislation Acts Statutory Instruments Advanced SearchCuardach Casta HomeBaile ActsAchtanna 1999 Electricity Regulation Act, 1999 Electricity Regulation Act, 1999 Permanent Page URL View by SectionAmharc de réir Ailt View Full ActAmharc ar an Acht Iomlán Bill History Stair Bille Commencement, Amendments, SIs made under the Act Tosach Feidhme, Leasuithe, IRí arna ndéanamh faoin Acht Revised Act Acht Athbh… Open PDFOscail PDF Print Full ActPriontáil an tAcht Iomlán Number 23 of 1999 ELECTRICITY REGULATION ACT, 1999 ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS PART I Preliminary and General Section 1. Short title and commencement. 2. Interpretation. 3. Laying of orders, etc. 4. Service of notices. 5. Offences by bodies corporate. 6. Prosecution of offences. 7. Making of orders by Minister. PART II Establishment of Commission for Electricity Regulation 8. Establishment of Commission. 9. Functions of Commission. 10. Directions to Commission. 11. Authorised officers. 12. Search warrants. 13. Prohibition on unauthorised disclosure of information. PART III Licences and Authorisations 14. Licences to generate and supply electricity. 15. Permits under section 37 of Principal Act. 16. Authorisations to construct or reconstruct a generating station. 17. Application for authorisation. 18. Orders specifying criteria for considering applications for authorisations. 19. Modification of licence or authorisation. 20. Procedures to be followed before modifying licences or authorisations. 21. Public hearings of Commission. 22. Determination by Commission following public hearing. 23. Directions by Commission to protect public health, etc. 24. Issue of notice by Commission concerning contraventions, etc. 25. Determination by Commission of specified breach. 26. Compliance with direction or determination. 27. Eligible customers. 28. Purchase of electricity from combined heat and power. PART IV Appeal Panels 29. Establishment of Appeal Panel. 30. Functions of Appeal Panel. 31. Orders for establishment of Appeal Panels and related matters. 32. Review of determination of Commission. PART V Access to Transmission and Distribution Systems 33. Preparation of grid code and distribution code. 34. Terms for connection to and use of transmission or distribution system. 35. Charges for connection to and use of transmission or distribution system. 36. Approval by Commission of statement of charges. 37. Direct lines. 38. Estimate of capacity, forecast flows and loading. PART VI Public Service Obligations and Transitional Arrangements 39. Public service obligations. 40. Transitional arrangements. PART VII Consequential Repeals and Amendments 41. Repeals. 42. Amendment of section 35 of Principal Act. 43. Amendment of section 45 of Principal Act. 44. Amendment of section 77 of Principal Act. 45. Amendment of section 98 of Principal Act. 46. Amendment of Freedom of Information Act, 1997. PART VIII Miscellaneous 47. Compulsory acquisition of land by Commission, etc. 48. Construction of sections 51 and 52(1) of Principal Act. 49. Construction of section 53 of Principal Act. 50. Construction of section 54 of Principal Act. 51. Construction of section 91 of Principal Act. 52. Application of certain regulations. 53. Amendment of section 2(2) of Electricity (Supply) (Amendment) Act, 1949. 54. Repeal of section 2(3), (4) and (6) of Electricity (Supply) (Amendment) Act, 1949. SCHEDULE The Commission for Electricity Regulation Acts Referred to Acquisition of Land (Assessment of Compensation) Act, 1919 1919, c. 20 Companies Acts, 1963 to 1990 Courts Act, 1981 1981, No. 11 Electricity (Supply) Act, 1927 1927, No. 27 Electricity (Supply) Acts, 1927 to 1995 Electricity (Supply) (Amendment) Act, 1949 1949, No. 12 European Parliament Elections Act, 1997 1997, No. 2 Freedom of Information Act, 1997 1997, No. 13 Petty Sessions (Ireland) Act, 1851 14 & 15 Vict., c. 93 Number 23 of 1999 ELECTRICITY REGULATION ACT, 1999 AN ACT TO ENABLE EFFECT TO BE GIVEN TO DIRECTIVE NO. 96/92/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL OF 19 DECEMBER 1996(1) , TO ESTABLISH A BODY KNOWN AS AN COIMISIÚN UM RIALÁIL LEICTREACHAIS OR IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE THE COMMISSION FOR ELECTRICITY REGULATION, TO GIVE POWER TO THAT COMMISSION TO GRANT LICENCES TO GENERATE AND SUPPLY ELECTRICITY AND TO GRANT AUTHORISATIONS TO CONSTRUCT GENERATING STATIONS, TO PROVIDE FOR ACCESS TO THE TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM BY HOLDERS OF LICENCES, HOLDERS OF AUTHORISATIONS OR BY ELIGIBLE CUSTOMERS, TO AMEND AND REPEAL CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF THE ELECTRICITY (SUPPLY) ACT, 1927 AND TO PROVIDE FOR RELATED MATTERS. [11th July, 1999] BE IT ENACTED BY THE OIREACHTAS AS FOLLOWS: PART I Preliminary And General Short title and commencement. 1.—(1) This Act may be cited as the Electricity Regulation Act, 1999. (2) This Act shall come into operation on such day or days as the Minister may appoint by order or orders either generally or with reference to any particular purpose or provision and different days may be so appointed for different purposes or different provisions. Interpretation. 2.—(1) In this Act, except where the context otherwise requires— “authorisation” means an authorisation granted under section 16 ; “authorised officer” means a person appointed under section 11 to be an authorised officer; “Board” means the Electricity Supply Board; “combined heat and power” means the simultaneous production of utilisable heat and electricity from an integrated thermo-dynamic process where the overall process operating efficiency, based on the gross calorific value of the fuel used and defined as the ratio of energy output usefully employed to the energy input, is greater than 70 per cent. and where the integrated thermo-dynamic process satisfies such technical, operational, economic and environmental criteria as may be specified by the Minister from time to time, following consultation with the Commission; “Commission” means the Commission for Electricity Regulation; “direct line”, in relation to electricity, means an electric line which is used or is to be used to carry electricity for the purpose of supply and the construction of which line is permitted under section 37 ; “distribution”, in relation to electricity, means the transport of electricity by means of a distribution system, that is to say, a system which consists of electric lines, electric plant, transformers and switchgear and which is used for conveying electricity to final customers; “distribution code” means a code in respect of all technical aspects relating to connection to and operation of the distribution system prepared by the Board under section 33 ; “electric line” means any line which is used solely or among other things for carrying electricity for any purpose and includes— (a) any support for any such line, that is to say, any structure, pole, or other thing in, on, by or from which any such line may be supported, carried or suspended, (b) any apparatus connected to any such line for the purpose of carrying electricity or other services, and (c) any wire, cable, tube, pipe or similar thing (including its casing or coating) which surrounds or supports or is surrounded or supported by, or is installed in close proximity to, or is supported, carried or suspended in association with, any such line; “electric plant” means any plant, apparatus or appliance used for, or for purposes connected with, the generation, transmission, distribution or supply of electricity, other than— (a) an electric line, (b) a meter used for ascertaining the quantity of electricity supplied to any premises, or (c) an electrical appliance under the control of a consumer; “electricity undertaking” means any person engaged in generation, transmission, distribution or supply of electricity, including any holder of a licence or authorisation under this Act, or any person who has been granted a permit under section 37 of the Principal Act; “establishment day” means the day appointed under section 8 ; “final customer” means a person being supplied with electricity at a single premises for consumption on those premises; “forecast statement” has the meaning assigned to it by section 38 ; “functions” includes powers and duties; “generate”, in relation to electricity, means to produce electricity; “generating station” means a station for the generation of electricity; “grid code” means a code in respect of all technical aspects relating to connection to and operation of the transmission system prepared by the Board under section 33 ; “licence” means a licence issued under section 14 ; “Minister” means the Minister for Public Enterprise; “prescribe” means to prescribe by regulations made by the Minister or the Commission under this Act and cognate words shall be construed accordingly; “Principal Act” means the Electricity (Supply) Act, 1927 ; “record” means any book, document or any other written or printed material in any form including any information stored, maintained or preserved by means of any mechanical or electronic device, whether or not stored, maintained or preserved in a legible form; “renewable, sustainable or alternative forms of energy” means energy used in the production of electricity which uses as its primary source one or a combination of more than one of the following— (a) wind, (b) hydro, (c) biomass, (d) waste, including waste heat, (e) biofuel, (f) geothermal, (g) fuel cells, (h) tidal, (i) solar, (j) wave; “single premises” means one or more buildings or structures, occupied and used by a person, where each building or structure is adjacent to, or contiguous with, the other building or structure; “supply”, in relation to electricity, means supply through electric lines to final customers for consumption; “transmission”, in relation to electricity, means the transport of electricity by means of a transmission system, that is to say, a system which consists, wholly or mainly, of high voltage lines and electric plant and which is used for conveying electricity from a generating station to a substation, from one generating station to another, from one substation to another or to or from any interconnector or to final customers but shall not include any such lines which the Board may, from time to time, with the approval of the Commission, specify as being part of the distribution system but shall include any interconnector owned by the Board. (2) In this Act— (a) a reference to a section or Schedule is a reference to a section of or Schedule to this Act unless it is indicated that a reference to some other enactment is intended, (b) a reference to a subsection, paragraph or subparagraph is a reference to a subsection, paragraph or subparagraph of the provision in which the reference occurs unless it is indicated that reference to some other provision is intended, and (c) a reference to the performance of functions includes with respect to powers and duties, a reference to the exercise of powers and the carrying out of duties. (3) A reference to any enactment shall be construed as a reference to that enactment as amended, adapted or extended by or under any subsequent enactment, including this Act. (4) The Minister may from time to time by order amend the definition of renewable, sustainable or alternative sources of energy by the addition of further renewable, sustainable or alternative sources of energy. Laying of orders, etc. 3.—Every order, other than orders under section 1 (2) or section 27 (6), or regulations made by the Minister, in the case of orders or regulations made by the Minister, or by the Commission, in the case of orders or regulations made by the Commission, shall be laid before each House of the Oireachtas as soon as may be after it is made and, if a resolution annulling the order or regulation is passed by either such House within the next subsequent 21 days on which that House has sat after the order or regulation is laid before it, the order or regulation shall be annulled accordingly but without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done thereunder. Service of notices. 4.—(1) Any notice required to be served or given by or under this Act shall be addressed to the person concerned and served or given in one of the following ways— (a) by addressing it to the person by name and delivering it to him or her, (b) by leaving it at the address at which the person ordinarily resides, (c) by sending it by post in a prepaid registered letter addressed to the person at the address at which he or she ordinarily resides, (d) if an address for the service of notices has been furnished by the person, by leaving it at, or sending it by prepaid registered post addressed to him or her to, that address, or (e) where the address at which the person ordinarily resides cannot be ascertained by reasonable inquiry and notice is required to be served on, or given to, him or her in respect of any premises, by delivering it to a person over the age of 16 years resident in or employed on the premises, or by affixing it in a conspicuous position on or near the premises. (2) Where the name of the person concerned cannot be ascertained by reasonable inquiry, a notice under this Act may be addressed to “the occupier”, “the owner” or “the person in charge”, as the case may be. (3) For the purposes of this section, a company registered under the Companies Acts, 1963 to 1990, shall be deemed to be ordinarily resident at its registered office, and every other body corporate and every unincorporated body shall be deemed to be ordinarily resident at its principal office or place of business. (4) A person shall not at any time during the period of 3 months after a notice is affixed under subsection (1) (e) remove, damage or deface the notice without lawful authority and a person who contravenes this subsection shall be guilty of an offence. (5) A person guilty of an offence under subsection (4) shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding £1,500. Offences by bodies corporate 5.—(1) Where an offence under this Act has been committed by a body corporate and is proved to have been committed with the consent or connivance of or to be attributable to any neglect on the part of a person being a director, manager, secretary or other officer of the body corporate, or a person who was purporting to act in any such capacity, that person, as well as the body corporate, shall be guilty of an offence and be liable to be proceeded against and punished as if he or she were guilty of the first-mentioned offence. (2) Where the affairs of a body corporate are managed by its members, subsection (1) shall apply in relation to the acts and defaults of a member in connection with his or her functions of management as if he or she were a director or manager of the body corporate. Prosecution of offences. 6.—(1) Summary proceedings for offences under this Act may be brought and prosecuted by the Commission. (2) Notwithstanding section 10 (4) of the Petty Sessions (Ireland) Act, 1851 , summary proceedings for an offence under this Act may be instituted within 12 months from the date of the offence. Making of orders by Minister. 7.—(1) The Minister may prescribe a greater percentage than that specified in the definition of combined heat and power. (2) The Minister may by order amend an order made under this section including an order made under this subsection. PART II Establishment of Commission for Electricity Regulation Establishment of Commission. 8.—(1) The Minister shall by order appoint a day to be the establishment day for the purposes of this Act. (2) There shall stand established on the establishment day a body to be known in the Irish language as An Coimisiún um Rialáil Leictreachais or in the English language as the Commission for Electricity Regulation and in this Act referred to as the “Commission” to perform the functions conferred on it by this Act. (3) The Schedule shall apply to the Commission. (4) The Commission shall be a body corporate with perpetual succession and a common seal and power to sue and be used in its corporate name and to acquire, hold and dispose of land or an interest in land, and to acquire, hold and dispose of any other property. (5) The seal of the Commission shall be authenticated by the signature of the chairperson of the Commission, or by the signatures of any other member of the Commission and a member of the staff of the Commission authorised by the Commission to act in that behalf. (6) Judicial notice shall be taken of the seal of the Commission and every document purporting to be an instrument made by and to be sealed with the seal of the Commission (purporting to be authenticated in accordance with this section) shall be received in evidence and be deemed to be such instrument without proof unless the contrary is shown. Functions of Commission. 9.—(1) The Commission shall have the following functions, namely— (a) to publish, pursuant to a policy direction or directions of the Minister, which shall be made publicly available when given to the Commission, proposals for a system of contracts and other arrangements, including appropriate rights and obligations, for trading in electricity, (b) to engage in a public consultation process on the procedures to be adopted by the Commission to implement the proposals drawn up under paragraph (a), (c) to advise the Minister on the impact of electricity generation in relation to sustainability, and international agreements on the environment to which the State is or becomes a party, (d) following the public consultation process referred to in paragraph (b) and taking account of matters raised in the public consultation process, to make regulations, subject to the consent of the Minister, establishing a system of trading in electricity, including the supervision and review of such a system by the Commission, and (e) to advise the Minister on the development of the electricity industry and on the exercise of the functions of the Minister under this Act. (2) Notwithstanding the generality of subsection (1) (a), a policy direction of the Minister shall include a direction that procedures of the Commission enable the implementation of orders made by the Minister under sections 39 and 40. (3) It shall be the duty of the Minister and the Commission to carry out their functions and exercise the powers conferred on them under this Act in a manner which— (a) does not discriminate unfairly between holders of licences, authorisations and the Board or between applicants for authorisations or licences, and (b) the Minister or the Commission, as the case may be, considers protects the interests of final customers. (4) In carrying out the duty imposed by subsection (3), the Minister and the Commission shall have regard to the need: (a) to promote competition in the generation and supply of electricity in accordance with this Act; (b) to secure that all reasonable demands by final customers of electricity for electricity are satisfied; (c) to secure that licence holders are capable of financing the undertaking of the activities which they are licensed to undertake; (d) to promote safety and efficiency on the part of electricity undertakings; (e) to promote the continuity, security and quality of supplies of electricity; and (f) to promote the use of renewable, sustainable or alternative forms of energy. (5) Without prejudice to subsections (3) and (4), it shall be the duty of the Commission: (a) to take account of the protection of the environment; (b) to encourage the efficient use and production of electricity; (c) to take account of the needs of rural customers, the disadvantaged and the elderly; (d) to encourage research and development into— (i) methods of generating electricity using renewable, sustainable and alternative forms of energy and combined heat and power, and (ii) methods of increasing efficiency in the use and production of electricity; and (e) to require that the system operator gives priority to generating stations using renewable, sustainable or alternative energy sources when selecting generating stations. Directions to Commission. 10.—(1) Subject to subsections (2) and (4), the Minister may give directions to the Commission as regards the performance of its functions under this Act, including directions in relation to the terms and conditions of licences. (2) The Minister shall not give directions in respect of— (a) the persons to whom licences or authorisations may be granted, or (b) the performance of its functions in relation to individual holders of licences or authorisations, individual eligible customers or the Board. (3) The Commission shall comply with directions given by the Minister under subsection (1). (4) This section shall stand repealed on the 19th day of February, 2000. Authorised officers. 11.—(1) In this section a “person to whom this section applies” means the Board or a holder of a licence or an authorisation. (2) The Commission may appoint persons to be authorised officers for the purposes of this section. (3) A person appointed under subsection (2) shall, on his or her appointment, be furnished by the Commission with a certificate of his or her appointment and when exercising a power conferred by subsection (4) shall, if requested by any person thereby affected, produce such certificate to that person for inspection. (4) For the purposes of the exercise by the Commission of its functions under this Act, an authorised officer may— (a) enter at any reasonable time any premises owned or occupied by a person to whom this section applies for the purpose of exercising any powers conferred on him or her by this subsection, (b) require a person to whom this section applies or any member, officer or employee of the person to whom this section applies to produce to the authorised officer any books, documents or records which are in his or her power or control, and in the case of information in a non-legible form to reproduce it in a legible form. (c) inspect and take extracts from or make copies of any books, documents and records (including in the case of information in a non-legible form a copy of or extract from such information in a permanent legible form), and (d) require a person to whom this section applies to maintain such books, documents and records for such period or periods of time as the authorised officer may direct. (5) Where an authorised officer in exercise of his or her powers under this section is prevented from entering any premises an application may be made under section 12 for a warrant to authorise such entry. (6) A person to whom this section applies who— (a) obstructs or impedes an authorised officer in the exercise of a power under this section, (b) fails or refuses to comply with a requirement under this section, (c) knowingly alters, suppresses or destroys any books, documents or records which the person concerned has been required to produce, or may reasonably expect to be required to produce, or (d) knowingly gives to the Commission or to an authorised officer information which is false or misleading, in a material respect, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding £1,500 or imprisonment for a period not exceeding 12 months or, at the discretion of the District Court, to both such fine and imprisonment. Search warrants. 12.—If a judge of the District Court is satisfied on the sworn information of an authorised officer that there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that there has been a contravention of a condition or requirement of a licence or an authorisation, the judge may issue a warrant authorising the authorised officer, accompanied by other authorised officers or members of the Garda Síochána, at any time or times within one month from the date of issue of the warrant, on production if so required of the warrant, to enter such premises as are specified in the warrant, if need be by reasonable force, and exercise all or any of the powers conferred on an authorised officer under section 11 . Prohibition on unauthorised disclosure of information. 13.—(1) Save as otherwise provided by law, a person shall not disclose confidential information obtained by him or her while performing duties as a member of, or as a member of the staff of, or an adviser or consultant to, or as an authorised officer of, the Commission, unless he or she is duly authorised by the Commission to do so. (2) A person who contravenes subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding £1,500 or imprisonment for a period not exceeding 12 months or, at the discretion of the District Court, to both such fine and imprisonment. (3) (a) In this section “confidential information” means that which is expressed by the Commission to be confidential either as regards particular information or as regards information of a particular class or description. (b) In expressing information to be confidential, the Commission shall have regard to the requirement to protect information of a confidential commercial nature. (4) The Freedom of Information Act, 1997 , is hereby amended in the Third Schedule thereto by the addition to Part I at the end thereof— (a) in column (2), of “Electricity Regulation Act, 1999.”, and (b) in column (3), of “ Section 13 .”. PART III Licences and Authorisations Licences to generate and supply electricity. 14.—(1) The Commission may grant or may refuse to grant to any person a licence— (a) to generate electricity, (b) to supply electricity to eligible customers, (c) subject to section 28 , to supply electricity to final customers which in aggregate does not exceed the amount of electricity which is available to the supplier and which is produced using renewable, sustainable or alternative forms of energy or electricity purchased, in place of such electricity, in accordance with the trading arrangements provided for in regulations to be made by the Commission under section 9 (1) (d), or (d) to supply to the single premises of the main heat customer electricity which is produced using combined heat and power at the generating station from which that main heat customer is supplied with heat, or electricity purchased, in place of such electricity, in accordance with the trading arrangements provided for in regulations to be made by the Commission under section 9 (1) (d), on such terms and conditions as may be specified in the licence. (2) The Commission may grant to the Board a licence to supply electricity to eligible customers, subject to terms and conditions as may be specified in the licence. (3) Any licence granted under this section shall be deemed to contain a condition that it shall be subject to modification for the purposes of compliance with any enactment implementing, whether in whole or in part, Council Directive No. 96/92/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 December, 1996 concerning common rules for the internal market in electricity. (4) An application for a licence under this section shall be in writing and be in such form and contain such information as the Commission may request. (5) An application for a licence under this section shall be accompanied by such a fee, if any, as the Commission may determine to be appropriate, having regard to the application being made, and the Commission shall make information on such fees available on request. (6) A licence granted by the Commission shall be subject to— (a) modification in accordance with section 19 , or (b) revocation by the Commission in accordance with this Act. (7) Where the Commission refuses to grant a licence to a person— (a) the person shall be notified, in writing, by the Commission of the reasons for the refusal, (b) within 28 days of the making of a refusal, the Commission shall notify, in writing, the Commission of the European Communities of the reasons for the refusal, and (c) the person may appeal the refusal in accordance with section 29 . (8) The holder of a licence granted under paragraph (a) of subsection (1) may supply electricity to the holder of a licence granted under paragraph (b), (c) or (d) of that subsection or to the Board. (9) A licence granted under paragraph (b), (c) or (d) of subsection (1) shall not authorise the supply of electricity to an eligible customer or final customer until after the 19th day of February, 2000. (10) For the purposes of subsection (1), “main heat customer” means a person who has entered into a contract with a producer of combined heat and power to purchase, in a calendar year, an amount of heat produced by that producer, which amount of heat is greater than that contracted to be purchased in that year from that producer by any other person (if any). (11) The Commission shall monitor licensees to ensure that they continue to conform to all the conditions and requirements of their licences. (12) The Board shall be obliged to supply electricity to the holder of a licence under subsection (1) in accordance with the trading arrangements provided for in regulations to be made by the Commission under section 9 (1) (d). Permits under section 37 of Principal Act. 15.—(1) A person who has been granted a permit under section 37 of the Principal Act on or after the 1st day of September, 1998, shall apply for a licence or an authorisation within 3 months of the coming into operation of this section or such other period as may be agreed by the Commission. (2) An application to the Board for a permit under section 37 of the Principal Act which has not been the subject of a decision by the Board before the commencement of this section shall be deemed to be an application for a licence under section 14 and an authorisation under section 17 and shall be dealt with accordingly. (3) A permit granted under section 37 of the Principal Act on or after the 1st day of September, 1998, shall expire 12 months after the commencement of this section or on the granting on an earlier date of a licence or authorisation by the Commission. (4) A permit granted under section 37 of the Principal Act before the 1st day of September, 1998, shall, subject to the provisions of this Act, continue in full force and effect. (5) The power of modification or revocation of a permit referred to in subsection (3) or (4) shall be exercisable by the Commission and not by the Board, and any powers conferred on the Board by such a permit shall be exercisable by the Commission and not by the Board. Authorisations to construct or reconstruct a generating station. 16.—(1) A person shall not construct or reconstruct a generating station, for the purpose of supply to final customers, unless an authorisation has been granted to the person by the Commission. (2) Notwithstanding the Electricity (Supply) Acts, 1927 to 1995, the Board may not construct or reconstruct a generating station unless an authorisation has been granted to it by the Commission. (3) Subject to section 17 , the Commission may grant or may refuse to grant to any person an authorisation to construct or reconstruct a generating station, subject to such terms and conditions as may be specified in the authorisation including terms and conditions as to generating capacity of the proposed generating station. (4) A person who contravenes subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction on indictment to a fine not exceeding £100,000. Application for authorisation. 17.—(1) An application for an authorisation under section 16 shall be in writing and be in such form and contain such information as the Commission may reasonably request. (2) An application for an authorisation shall be accompanied by such a fee, if any, as the Commission may determine. (3) An authorisation granted by the Commission shall be subject to— (a) modification in accordance with section 19 , or (b) revocation by the Commission in accordance with this Act. (4) Where the Commission refuses to grant an authorisation— (a) the person shall be notified, in writing, by the Commission of the reasons for the refusal, and (b) within 28 days of the making of the refusal, the Commission shall notify, in writing, the Commission of the European Communities of the reasons for the refusal, and (c) the person may appeal the refusal in accordance with section 29 . Orders specifying criteria for considering applications for authorisations. 18.—(1) The Minister shall specify by order the criteria in accordance with which an application for an authorisation may be determined by the Commission. (2) The criteria specified by the Minister under subsection (1) may relate to— (a) the safety and security of the electricity system, electric plant and domestic lines, (b) the protection of the environment including the limitation of emissions to the atmosphere, water or land, (c) the siting of a generating station and associated land use, (d) the efficient use of energy, (e) the nature of the primary source of energy to be used by a generating station, (f) the qualifications of an applicant, including the technical and financial qualifications of the applicant, and (g) public service obligations provided for in an order under section 39 . (3) The Minister may by order amend or revoke an order under this section including an order made under this subsection. (4) An order under subsection (3) shall not be made unless a notice of intention to make such an order is published in a daily newspaper published and circulating in the State at least one month before the making of the order. (5) A copy of the draft order proposed to be made under subsection (3) shall, on payment of the prescribed fee, if any, be given by the Minister to any person who requests it, and the notice of intention published under subsection (4) shall state that such a copy may be so obtained. (6) An order under this section shall not provide for the use of nuclear fission for the generation of electricity. Modification of licence or authorisation. 19.—(1) Where the holder of a licence or an authorisation so requests the Commission may modify the conditions or requirements of the licence or authorisation. (2) Where the Commission is of the opinion that a licence or an authorisation should be amended it may do so with or without the consent of the holder of the licence or the authorisation, as the case may be. (3) Where the Commission is of the opinion that a modification of a condition or requirement of a licence or an authorisation is a modification of a class required by an order of the Minister made under section 39 or 40 the Commission may modify the conditions or requirements of the licence or authorisation concerned without the consent of the holder of that licence or authorisation, as the case may be. Procedures to be followed before modifying licences or authorisations. 20.—(1) Subsections (2) to (6) shall apply to all modifications of a licence or an authorisation other than a modification made to give effect to an order under section 39 or 40 . (2) Before modifying a licence or an authorisation the Commission shall issue a notice— (a) stating that it proposes to make such modification, (b) stating the nature of such modification and the reasons therefor, and (c) specifying the period (being not less than 28 days from the date of publication of the notice) within which representations or objections with respect to the proposed modification may be made. (3) The Commission shall consider any representations or objections which are made under subsection (2) and not withdrawn. (4) A notice under subsection (2) shall be given— (a) by publishing the notice in a newspaper circulating in the State, and (b) by serving a copy of the notice on the holder of the licence or authorisation. (5) The Commission shall send a copy of a notice issued under subsection (2) to the Minister who shall arrange, without undue delay, to provide a copy of the notice to the Oireachtas library. (6) Where, within the period specified in subsection (2) (c), no objections or representations are made or such objections or representations as are made in that period are subsequently withdrawn, the modification of the licence or authorisation concerned shall have effect accordingly. (7) Where objections or representations made within the period specified in subsection (2) (c) are not withdrawn— (a) the Commission may either accept or reject such objections or representations, in whole or in part, and the modification shall have effect accordingly, or (b) where it is satisfied that sufficient grounds exist to warrant a public hearing, the Commission may cause such a public hearing to be held. (8) Where the Commission rejects any objections or representations made under this section without a public hearing being held, the reasons for the rejection and the refusal of a public hearing shall be notified to the persons who made those objections or representations and the proposed modification shall be effected in accordance with section 22 (3). Public hearings of Commission. 21.—(1) Where the Commission proposes to hold a public hearing under section 20 (7) (b) it shall issue a notice stating— (a) the date (being not less than 28 days from the date of giving notice) on which it is intended to hold the hearing, and (b) the location at which it is intended to hold the hearing. (2) A notice referred to in subsection (1) shall be given— (a) by publishing the notice in a newspaper circulating in the State, and (b) by serving the notice on the holder of the licence or authorisation concerned and any persons by whom objections or representations were made in the period referred to in section 20 (2) (c). (3) All hearing of the Commission shall be open to members of the public and may be held before the Commission or any other person authorised by the Commission to hold such a hearing and references to the Commission in subsection (4) shall include references to any other person so authorised. (4) At a public hearing held for the purposes of this section— (a) those persons by whom objections or representations were made in the period referred to in section 20 (2) (c) may be heard, (b) the Commission may assess the interest of any person who applies to be a party to the hearing and may admit or exclude them for stated reasons, and (c) the Commission may administer oaths, issue notices, issue subpoenas, compel the attendance of witnesses and the production of books, accounts, papers, records, documents and material and take and receive evidence. (5) The Commission may, following consultation with the Minister, make rules concerning the practice and procedures to be adopted at such public hearings. (6) A witness before a public hearing shall be entitled to the same immunities and privileges as if he or she were a witness before the High Court. Determination by Commission following public hearing. 22.—(1) The Commission shall, within a reasonable period from the date of completion of a public hearing, make a determination— (a) to modify a licence or an authorisation in accordance with the proposed modification set out in the notice issued under section 20 (2)(b) or otherwise, or (b) not to make the modification concerned. (2) Notice of a determination made under subsection (1) shall be given to the holder of the licence or authorisation concerned and any parties to the hearing and the determination shall be made available by the Commission to any other person on request. (3) Subject to subsection (4), the modification of a licence or authorisation shall be effected— (a) by serving notice of the modification on the holder of the licence or authorisation concerned, and (b) by publishing the notice in a newspaper circulating in the State. (4) A modification of a licence or authorisation shall take effect on the day which is 28 days after the day on which— (a) service of notice of modification on the holder of the licence or authorisation concerned is effected, or (b) notice of modification of the licence or authorisation concerned is published in a newspaper circulating in the State. whichever is the later, unless an appeal is made under section 29 (2) in which case the modification shall not come into effect, unless confirmed under section 30 (7). Directions by Commission to protect public health, etc. 23.—(1) In this section and in sections 24, 25 and 26 “condition or requirement” means any term or condition of a licence or an authorisation or any requirement imposed by or under this Act. (2) Where the Commission is satisfied that all or any of the circumstances set out in subsection (3) have arisen or are likely to arise it may direct the holder of the licence or authorisation concerned or the Board in respect of the transmission and distribution system to discontinue or to refrain from specified practices. (3) The circumstances referred to in subsection (2) are— (a) where the Commission is of the opinion that immediate action is necessary to protect— (i) public health or safety or the environment, (ii) the continuity of supplies of electricity, (iii) the interests of other holders of licences or authorisations; (b) where the Commission is of the opinion that the holder of a licence or an authorisation is contravening or is likely to contravene a condition or a requirement and immediate action is necessary to cease or prevent such contravention; or (c) where the Commission is of the opinion that immediate action is necessary to prevent dissipation of the assets of the holder of a licence or an authorisation. (4) Nothing in this section shall authorise the Commission to give directions relating to industrial disputes. Issue of notice by Commission concerning contraventions, etc. 24.—(1) Where the Commission is of the opinion that the holder of a licence or an authorisation may be contravening or may be likely to contravene a condition or requirement, it may issue a notice under subsection (2) to the holder of the licence or authorisation. (2) The notice referred to in subsection (1) shall— (a) specify— (i) the condition or requirement which the Commission considers that the holder of the licence or authorisation may be contravening or may be likely to contravene, or (ii) the acts or omissions which in the opinion of the Commission may constitute or would be likely to constitute contravention of the condition or requirement concerned, and (b) specify the period (being not less than 28 days from the date of the issuing of the notice) within which representations or objections may be made. (3) The Commission shall consider any representations or objections which are made under subsection (2) and not withdrawn. (4) On consideration of any representations or objections, the Commission may give a direction to the holder of a licence or an authorisation to take such measures as are necessary to cease the contravention or to prevent a future contravention. (5) As soon as practicable after giving a direction in accordance with subsection (4) or section 23 (2) the Commission shall give notice of the direction in accordance with subsection (10). (6) Subject to subsection (7), the Commission may revoke a direction given under this section. (7) Before revoking a direction the Commission shall give notice in accordance with subsection (10)— (a) stating that it proposes to revoke the direction and setting out the effect of the revocation, and (b) specifying the period (being not less than 28 days from the publication of the notice) within which representations or objections with respect to the proposed revocation may be made. (8) The Commission shall consider any representations or objections which are made under subsection (7) and not withdrawn. (9) If, after giving notice of a revocation made in accordance with subsection (6), the Commission decides not to revoke the direction to which the notice refers, it shall give notice of its decision. (10) A notice under this section shall be given— (a) by publishing the notice in a newspaper circulating in the State, and (b) by serving a copy of the notice and a copy of the direction or revocation, as the case may be, on the holder of the licence or authorisation to whom the notice, direction or revocation relates. Determination by Commission of specified breach. 25.—(1) Where the Commission decides not to give a direction under section 24 (4), the Commission may make a determination that the holder of a licence or an authorisation has committed a specified breach of a condition or requirement. (2) As soon as practicable after making a determination under subsection (1) the Commission shall— (a) publish a notice of the determination in a newspaper circulating in the State, and (b) serve a copy of the notice and a copy of the determination on the holder of the licence or authorisation to whom the determination relates. Compliance with direction or determination. 26.—(1) In order to ensure compliance with a direction given under section 24 , the Commission may apply in a summary manner ex parte or on notice to the High Court for an order requiring the holder of a licence or an authorisation who, in the opinion of the Commission, is contravening or who is likely to contravene a condition or requirement to discontinue or to refrain from specified practices. (2) The High Court may make such order as it thinks fit and may confirm, revoke or vary a direction given by the Commission. Eligible customers. 27.—(1) The Commission, with the consent of the Minister, may prescribe the means by which the consumption of electricity is estimated and calculated for the purpose of this section and references in this section to calculation or estimation of electricity consumption shall be references to calculations or estimates made under those regulations. (2) A consumer of electricity whose consumption of electricity at any single premises in any 12 month period is estimated and calculated to be or likely to be greater than 4 Giga Watt hours shall be deemed to be an eligible customer at that premises for the purposes of this Act. (3) Subject to subsection (4), the Minister may be order vary the figure of 4 Giga Watt hours referred to in subsection (2). (4) The Minister shall give notice of his or her intention to make an order under subsection (3) or (5) by publishing it in a newspaper circulating in the State at least 28 days before the making of the order. (5) The Minister may by order amend or revoke an order made under subsection (3) including an order made under this subsection. (6) Where an order is proposed to be made under this section, a draft of the order shall be laid before each House of the Oireachtas and the order shall not be made until a resolution approving of the draft has been passed by each such House. Purchase of electricity from combined heat and power. 28.—(1) The Minister, after consultation with the Commission, may, from time to time, prescribe the total amount or amounts of electricity from combined heat and power which may be supplied to final customers under section 14 (1) (d) in any specified period. (2) The Minister may prescribe procedures, including procedures relating to access to the transmission or distribution system and the circumstances in which the Board shall supply electricity to such final customers, to be followed for the purposes of this section. PART IV Appeal Panels Establishment of Appeal Panel. 29.—(1) This section applies to— (a) a person whose application for a licence or an authorisation is refused. (b) a person who is a holder of a licence or an authorisation and who wishes to appeal against a decision of the Commission— (i) to modify the licence or authorisation concerned, other than a modification of a class required by an order made under section 39 or 40 , or (ii) to refuse to modify the licence or authorisation concerned at the request of the holder of that licence or authorisation. (2) A person to whom this section applies may, within 28 days of the making of a decision— (a) to refuse to grant a licence or an authorisation, (b) to modify a licence or an authorisation, or (c) to refuse to modify a licence or an authorisation, request the Minister to establish a panel to be known and in this Act referred to as an “Appeal Panel”. (3) When requested to establish an Appeal Panel, following consultation with the Competition Authority as to the composition of the Appeal Panel, the Minister shall, within one month, establish an Appeal Panel to consider an appeal made under this section. (4) An Appeal Panel established under this section shall consist of at least three persons, one of whom shall be appointed by the Minister to be the chairperson of the Appeal Panel. (5) An Appeal Panel shall have all the powers and duties of the Commission that are necessary to carry out the functions of the Appeal Panel under this Act. (6) An Appeal Panel shall be independent in the performance of its functions. (7) The Minister may by order amend or revoke an order made under this section including an order made under this subsection. (8) All appeals under Part IV of this Act shall be determined within six months. Functions of Appeal Panel. 30.—(1) An Appeal Panel shall hear and determine an appeal against— (a) a refusal to grant a licence or an authorisation, (b) a modification, or (c) a refusal to modify a licence or an authorisation, and shall specify, on notice to the Commission and the appellant, the date on which the appeal shall be heard. (2) An Appeal Panel shall have the powers, rights and privileges vested in the High Court or a judge thereof on the hearing of an action in respect of— (a) the enforcement of the attendance of witnesses and their examination on oath or otherwise, and (b) the compelling of the production of documents. (3) A summons signed by the chairperson of the Appeal Panel or by such other member of the Appeal Panel as may be authorised by the Appeal Panel may be substituted for and shall be equivalent to any formal procedure capable of being issued in an action for enforcing the attendance of witnesses and compelling the production of documents. (4) Where a person— (a) being duly summoned to attend before an Appeal Panel makes a default in attending, (b) being in attendance as a witness before an Appeal Panel refuses to take an oath lawfully required by that Panel to be taken or to produce any document in his or her power or control lawfully required by that Appeal Panel to be produced by him or her or to answer any question to which the Appeal Panel may lawfully require an answer, or (c) being in attendance before an Appeal Panel does anything which, if the Appeal Panel were a court of law having power to commit for contempt, would be contempt of court, that person shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding £1,500. (5) A witness before an Appeal Panel shall be entitled to the same immunities and privileges as if he or she were a witness before the High Court. (6) An Appeal Panel may confirm the refusal to grant a licence or an authorisation or may direct the Commission to grant a licence or an authorisation with or without conditions laid down by the Appeal Panel and where such a direction is made the Commission shall, in accordance with the decision of the Appeal Panel, grant the licence or authorisation, subject to such conditions as may be specified by the Commission which are not inconsistent with the decision of the Appeal Panel. (7) In the case of a modification of a licence or an authorisation, the Appeal Panel may either confirm the modification or direct the Commission not to make it. (8) In the case of a refusal to modify a licence or an authorisation, the Appeal Panel may either confirm the decision of the Commission or may direct the Commission to modify the licence or authorisation. (9) The Appeal Panel shall notify the persons concerned of its decision in respect of an appeal under this section. Orders for establishment of Appeal Panels and related matters. 31.—(1) An order made by the Minister under section 29 (3) for the purpose of establishing an Appeal Panel may provide for— (a) the membership, on such terms and conditions as the Minister considers appropriate, of the Appeal Panel, (b) the procedure to be adopted by the Appeal Panel in considering any matter referred to it, and (c) any other matters which the Minister considers incidental or expedient for the proper and efficient conduct of an appeal by the Appeal Panel. (2) The remuneration and allowances for expenses, if any, of a member of an Appeal Panel shall be such as may be determined by the Minister, with the approval of the Minister for Finance, and shall form part of the expenses of the Commission. Review of determination of Commission. 32.—(1) Without prejudice to any right under this Act to appeal to an Appeal Panel, a person shall not question in any legal proceedings— (a) the validity of a decision of the Commission on an application made to it for the grant of a licence or an authorisation or for the modification of a licence or an authorisation, (b) a modification by the Commission of a licence or an authorisation, or (c) a decision of an Appeal Panel under section 30 , otherwise than by way of an application for judicial review under Order 84 of the Rules of the Superior Court ( S.I. No. 15 of 1986 ). (2) An application for leave to apply for judicial review in respect of any matter referred to in subsection (1) shall— (a) be made within the period of two months commencing on the date on which the decision is given, and (b) be made by motion on notice to— (i) the Commission, (ii) where the applicant for leave is not the applicant for or holder of the licence or authorisation concerned, the applicant or holder of that licence or authorisation, and (iii) any other person specified for that purpose by order of the High Court, and such leave shall not be granted unless the High Court is satisfied that there are substantial grounds for contending that the decision is invalid or ought to be quashed. (3) (a) The determination of the High Court of such an application for leave to apply for judicial review or of an application for such judicial review shall be final and no appeal shall lie from the decision of the High Court to the Supreme Court in either case save with the leave of the High Court which leave shall only be granted where the High Court certifies that its decision involves a point of law of exceptional public importance and that it is desirable in the public interest that an appeal should be taken to the Supreme Court. (b) This subsection shall not apply to a determination of the High Court in so far as it involves a question as to the validity of any law having regard to the provisions of the Constitution. PART V Access to Transmission and Distribution Systems Preparation of grid code and distribution code. 33.—(1) Subject to subsection (2), within such time and following such consultation as the Commission may direct, the Board shall make regulations, subject to the approval of the Commission, setting out a grid code in relation to the transmission system of the Board and a distribution code in relation to the distribution system of the Board. (2) The Commission may from time to time give directions to the Board in respect of— (a) the matters to be specified in the grid code and the distribution code, and (b) the review and revision by the Board from time to time of the grid code and the distribution code, and the Board shall comply with directions given by the Commission under this section. (3) All releases of information under this section shall be made available within one month of any request for same. Terms for connection to and use of transmission or distribution system. 34.—(1) Subject to subsection (4), where an application is made to the Board by any person, the Board shall offer to enter into an agreement for connection to or use of the transmission or distribution system, subject to terms and conditions specified in accordance with directions given to the Board by the Commission under this section from time to time. (2) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1), directions given by the Commission under this section may provide for: (a) the matters to be specified in an agreement for connection to and use of the transmission or distribution system; (b) the matters to be specified in an agreement for use of the transmission or distribution system; (c) the terms and conditions upon which an offer for connection to the transmission or distribution system is made; (d) the methods for determining the proportion of the costs to be borne by the person making the application for connection to the transmission or distribution system and to be borne by the Board being costs which are directly or indirectly incurred in carrying out works under an agreement or making a connection or modifying an existing connection; (e) the terms and conditions upon which applications for an agreement are to be made and the period of time within which an offer or refusal pursuant to an application is to be made by the Board; and (f) any other matters which the Commission considers necessary or expedient for the purpose of making an offer for connection to or use of the transmission or distribution system, and the Board shall comply with directions given by the Commission under this section within such time period as may be specified by the Commission. (3) An offer made under subsection (1) to a person who is not the holder of a licence under section 14 or an authorisation under section 16 or an eligible customer shall be subject to the grant of a licence or authorisation to that person or to that person becoming an eligible customer. (4) The Board shall not be required under subsection (1) to enter into an agreement where— (a) it has demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Commission that it is not in the public interest to provide additional capacity to meet the requirements to be imposed by that agreement, (b) to enter into an agreement under this section would be likely to involve the Board: (i) in a breach of this Act; (ii) in a breach of regulations made under this Act; (iii) in a breach of the grid code or distribution code; or (iv) in a breach of the conditions of any licence or authorisation granted to the Board under this Act, or (c) the person making the application does not undertake to be bound by the terms of the grid code or distribution code in so far as those terms are applicable to that person. (5) Where the Board refuses to offer to enter into an agreement under this section the Boa …