Rent Restrictions Act, 1946

Rent Restrictions Act, 1946 Skip to content Disclaimer Feedback Helpdesk Gaeilge Léim go dtí an t-ábhar Séanadh Aiseolas Deasc chabhrach English Gaeilge English Produced by the Office of the Attorney General Táirgthe ag Oifig an Ard-Aighne Home Legislation Acts of the Oireachtas Statutory Instruments Pre-1922 Legislation Constitution External Resources Bills (Houses of the Oireachtas) Iris Oifigiúil / Official Gazette Revised Acts (LRC) Classified List of Legislation (LRC) Translations (acts.ie) Translations (Houses of the Oireachtas) Government Publications for Sale EU Law (EUR-Lex) FAQ Disclaimer Feedback Helpdesk Search Baile Reachtaíocht Achtanna an Oireachtais Ionstraimí Reachtúla Reachtaíocht Réamh-1922 Bunreacht Acmhainní Seachtracha Billí (Tithe an Oireachtais) Iris Oifigiúil Achtanna Athbhreithnithe (CAD) (An Coimisiún um Athchóiriú an Dlí) Liosta Rangaithe Reachtaíochta Aistriúcháin (achtanna.ie) Aistriúcháin (Tithe an Oireachtais) Foilseacháin Rialtais ar Díol Dlí AE (EUR-Lex) CCanna (Ceisteanna Coitianta) Séanadh Aiseolas Deasc chabhrach Cuardach TitleTeideal Year(s) or rangeBliain nó blianta nó raon TypeCineál All Legislation Acts Statutory Instruments Advanced SearchCuardach Casta HomeBaile ActsAchtanna 1946 Rent Restrictions Act, 1946 Rent Restrictions Act, 1946 Permanent Page URL View by SectionAmharc de réir Ailt View Full ActAmharc ar an Acht Iomlán Bill History Stair Bille Commencement, Amendments, SIs made under the Act Tosach Feidhme, Leasuithe, IRí arna ndéanamh faoin Acht Print Full ActPriontáil an tAcht Iomlán Number 4 of 1946. RENT RESTRICTIONS ACT, 1946. ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS Part I. Preliminary and General Section 1. Short title and duration. 2. Interpretation generally. 3. Controlled premises. 4. Dwellings used in part for business purposes, etc. 5. Repeals and adaptation of references to repealed Acts. 6. Expenses. Part II. Restriction of Rent of Controlled Premises. Chapter 1. Lawful Rent of Controlled (1923 Act) Premises. 7. Controlled (1923 Act) premises. 8. Basic rent of controlled (1923 Act) premises the standard rent whereof has been determined by Court or by arbitration. 9. Basic rent of controlled (1923 Act) premises to which section 8 does not apply. 10. Premises not to cease to be controlled (1923 Act) premises by reason of increase of rateable valuation. 11. Lawful additions to basic rent of controlled (1923 Act) premises. 12. Lawful rent of controlled (1923 Act) premises. Chapter 2. Lawful Rent of Controlled (Non-1923 Act) Premises. 13. Controlled (non-1923 Act) premises. 14. Basic rent of certain controlled (non-1923 Act) premises. 15. Revision of basic rents of premises to which section 14 applies. 16. Basic rent of controlled (non-1923 Act) premises to which section 14 does not apply. 17. Lawful additions to basic rent of controlled (non-1923 Act) premises. 18. Lawful rent of controlled (non-1923 Act) premises. Chapter 3. Determination of Rent and Recovery of Overpayments. 19. Information as to basic rent to be supplied by landlords and vendors. 20. Determination of rent to be paid by tenants. 21. Effect of transfer to tenant of burdens previously borne by landlord. 22. Reduction of rent owing to default of landlord in keeping premises in repair. 23. Sums declared to be irrecoverable. 24. Recovery of overpayments. 25. Limitation on recovery of overpayments. Part III. Special Provisions for the Relief of Tenants of Small Premises. 26. Commencement of Part III. 27. Interpretation of Part III. 28. Applications for provisional orders. 29. Making of provisional orders. 30. Provisions as to provisional orders. 31. Application by landlord in relation to provisional order. 32. Provisions applicable in default of application by landlord. 33. Exemption from court fees. 34. Orders obtained by false statements. 35. District court valuers. 36. Reference by District Justices of questions affecting rateable valuation or rent of small premises to valuers. Part IV. Restrictions on Recovery of Possession of Controlled Premises. 37. Restrictions on landlord's right to possession of controlled premises. 38. Saving for rights of subtenants. 39. Statutory tenancy. 40. Conditions of statutory tenancy. 41. Powers of Court in ejectment proceedings. 42. Amendments of section 15 of Summary Jurisdiction (Ireland) Act, 1851. 43. Acceptance of rent by landlord after expiration of notice to quit. 44. Order for possession obtained by misrepresentation. 45. Non-application of sections 37 and 38 to lettings for temporary convenience, etc. 46. Saving for rights of local authorities under the Housing of the Working Classes Acts. Part V. Miscellaneous. 47. Liability for repairs. 48. Compensation for disrepair of controlled premises owing to default of landlord. 49. Apportionment of rateable valuation by Commissioner of Valuation. 50. Restriction on premiums. 51. Restriction on levy of distress for rent. 52. Method of recovery of sums due by landlords to tenants. 53. Regulations. 54. Powers of the Court generally. 55. Exercise of jurisdiction of Court. 56. Continuance of pending proceedings. 57. Position of statutory tenants under Act of 1923 and Order of 1944. 58. Rules as to procedure. SCHEDULE. Acts Referred to Increase of Rent and Mortgage Interest (Restrictions) Act, 1923 No. 19 of 1923 Increase of Rent and Mortgage Interest (Restrictions) Act, 1926 No. 24 of 1926 Local Government (Dublin) Act, 1930 No. 27 of 1930 Local Government (Rates on Small Dwellings) Act, 1928 No. 4 of 1928 Housing (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1931 No. 50 of 1931 Number 4 of 1946. RENT RESTRICTIONS ACT, 1946. AN ACT TO MAKE FURTHER AND BETTER PROVISION FOR RESTRICTING THE INCREASE OF RENT AND THE RECOVERY OF POSSESSION OF PREMISES IN CERTAIN CASES AND TO PROVIDE FOR OTHER MATTERS CONNECTED THEREWITH. [12th March, 1946.] BE IT ENACTED BY THE OIREACHTAS AS FOLLOWS:— PART I. Preliminary and General. Short title and duration. 1.—(1) This Act may be cited as the Rent Restrictions Act, 1946. (2) This Act shall continue in operation until the 31st day of December, 1950. Interpretation generally. 2.—(1) In this Act— the expression “the Act of 1923” means the Increase of Rent and Mortgage Interest (Restrictions) Act, 1923 (No. 19 of 1923); the expression “the Act of 1926” means the Increase of Rent and Mortgage Interest (Restrictions) Act, 1926 (No. 24 of 1926); the expression “basic rent” means— (a) in relation to controlled (1923 Act) premises, the basic rent of the premises determined under section 8 or section 9 (as the case may be) of this Act, (b) in relation to controlled (non-1923 Act) premises, the basic rent of the premises determined under section 14 , section 15 or section 16 (as the case may be) of this Act; the expression “business premises” means premises used for the purposes of any business, trade or profession or for the public service; the expression “controlled premises” means any premises to which, by virtue of section 3 of this Act, this Act applies; the expression “controlled (1923 Act) premises” means controlled premises to which, by virtue of section 7 of this Act, Chapter 1 of Part II of this Act applies; the expression “controlled (non-1923 Act) premises” means controlled premises to which, by virtue of section 13 of this Act, Chapter 2 of Part II of this Act applies; the expression “District Justice” means a Justice of the District Court; the word “dwelling” means a house let as a separate dwelling, or a part, so let, of any house, whether or not the tenant shares with any other persons any portion thereof or any accommodation, amenity or facility in connection therewith; the word “landlord”, when used in relation to any premises, includes any person from time to time deriving title under the original landlord of the premises, and also includes any person, other than the tenant, who is or would but for this Act be entitled to possession of the premises; the expression “lawful addition” means— (a) in relation to the basic rent of controlled (1923 Act) premises, any sum which is, by virtue of section 11 of this Act, a lawful addition to the basic rent, (b) in relation to the basic rent of controlled (non-1923 Act) premises, any sum which is, by virtue of section 17 of this Act, a lawful addition to the basic rent; the expression “lawful rent” means— (a) in relation to controlled (1923 Act) premises, the sum declared by section 12 of this Act to be the lawful rent of the premises, (b) in relation to controlled (non-1923 Act) premises, the sum declared by section 18 of this Act to be the lawful rent of the premises; the word “let” includes sublet; the expression “the Minister” means the Minister for Justice; the expression “non-statutory tenant” means a tenant who is not a statutory tenant; the expression “the operative date” means the date of the passing of this Act; the expression “the Order of 1944” means the Emergency Powers (No. 313) Order, 1944 (S. R. & O., No. 29 of 1944), as amended by the Emergency Powers (No. 313) Order, 1944 (Amendment) Order, 1945 (S. R. & O., No. 188 of 1945); the word “premises” means any premises being a dwelling or business premises; the word “prescribed” means prescribed by the Minister by regulations made under this Act; the word “rates” means, in relation to any premises, the rates (including water rates) which are made by a local authority (being the council of a county, the corporation of a county or other borough, the council of an urban district or the commissioners of a town) in respect of the premises for the service of any local financial year and which by any Act are, or but for any Act would be, chargeable on the occupier of the premises; the expression “standard rent” has the same meaning as it has in the Act of 1923; the expression “statutory tenancy” means the interest of a statutory tenant in the premises in relation to which the expression is used; the expression “statutory tenant” means a person being either— (a) a person who retains possession of any controlled premises after his contractual tenancy therein (not being a tenancy to which section 45 of this Act applies) has terminated, or (b) a person who retains possession of any controlled premises under subsection (2) or subsection (3) of section 39 of this Act, or (c) a person who retains possession of any controlled premises under subparagraph (iii) of paragraph (a) or under paragraph (b) of subsection (5) of section 40 of this Act, or (d) a person who retains possession of any controlled premises under section 57 of this Act; the word “tenant”, unless the context otherwise requires, includes in relation to any premises a statutory tenant, and includes any person from time to time deriving title under the original tenant, and also includes a subtenant. (2) References in this Act to an order for the recovery of possession of any premises shall be construed as including references to an order for the ejectment of a tenant therefrom. (3) References in this Act to any enactment shall be construed as references to that enactment as amended by any subsequent enactment. Controlled premises. 3.—(1) Subject to subsection (2) of this section, this Act applies to every premises. (2) This Act does not apply to— (a) premises the rateable valuation whereof exceeds— (i) in case the premises are situate in the county borough of Dublin or the borough of Dún Laoghaire, sixty pounds, (ii) in any other case, forty pounds, (b) premises erected after, or in course of being erected on, the 7th day of May 1941, (c) a dwelling provided by a local authority under the Labourers Acts, 1883 to 1941, or under the Housing of the Working Classes Acts, 1890 to 1931, and of which a local authority is for the time being the landlord, or (d) business premises in any market or fair where the rent or conditions of tenancy are controlled or regulated by or under any statute or charter, (e) business premises let for a term of years or let from year to year under a tenancy, notice to determine which (otherwise than for breach of a term of the tenancy) must be a notice of not less than three months, (f) a dwelling let at a rent (hereinafter called the reserved rent) which includes payments for board, attendance or the use of furniture, or for the supply to the dwelling of heat, hot water, fuel, electricity or any other commodity or for the rendering of any services in connection with the dwelling, unless, on apportionment of the reserved rent by the Court, the portion of the reserved rent which, in the opinion of the Court, is attributable to the dwelling alone equals or exceeds three quarters of the reserved rent, in which case the rent of the dwelling shall be taken, for the purposes of this Act, to be the portion of the reserved rent so attributable to the dwelling alone, (g) any dwelling or business premises let together with land other than the site of the dwelling or business premises, if the rateable valuation of the land exceeds the lesser of the following:— (i) half the rateable valuation of the site including the building or buildings thereon, or (ii) (I) in case the dwelling or business premises are situate in the county borough of Dublin or the borough of Dún Laoghaire, fifteen pounds, (II) in any other case, ten pounds. Dwellings used in part for business purposes, etc. 4.—The application of this Act to a dwelling shall not be excluded by reason only of the fact that part of it is used for the purposes of any business, trade or profession. Repeals and adaptation of references to repealed Acts. 5.—(1) The enactments mentioned in the Schedule to this Act are hereby repealed to the extent specified in the third column of that Schedule. (2) The repeal, effected by subsection (1) of this section, of the proviso to paragraph (b) of subsection (1) of section 2 of the Act of 1923 shall have effect as from the date of the passing of the Act of 1923 but such repeal shall not— (a) entitle a landlord to recover from a tenant any sums which have been recovered from the landlord before the 1st day of October, 1945, by means of a deduction from rent or otherwise or any rent which has not been paid by reason of such deductions having been made therefrom, or (b) affect the right to enforce any judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction given before the 1st day of October, 1945, or render recoverable any sum paid under such judgment. (3) References in any Act to the Increase of Rent and Mortgage Interest (Restrictions) Acts, 1923 to 1930, or to any of those Acts shall be construed as references to this Act. Expenses. 6.—The expenses incurred by the Minister in the administration of this Act shall, to such extent as may be sanctioned by the Minister for Finance, be paid out of moneys provided by the Oireachtas. PART II. Restriction of Rent of Controlled Premises. Chapter 1. Lawful Rent of Controlled (1923 Act) Premises. Controlled (1923 Act) premises. 7.—(1) Subject to subsection (2) of this section, this Chapter applies to every controlled premises the rateable valuation whereof does not exceed— (a) thirty pounds in case the premises are situate in either— (i) the county borough of Dublin as existing immediately before the passing of the Local Government (Dublin) Act, 1930 (No. 27 of 1930), or (ii) the area comprising the former urban districts of Pembroke, and Rathmines and Rathgar, as existing immediately before the passing of the said Act, or (iii) the borough of Dún Laoghaire, (b) twenty-five pounds in any other case. (2) (a) This Chapter does not apply to premises erected after, or in course of being erected on, the 2nd day of April, 1919, or which at that date were being or have since been bona fide reconstructed by way of conversion into two or more separate and self-contained flats or tenements. (b) This Chapter does not apply to premises which, having been controlled (non-1923 Act) premises, would, by reason of a reduction of the rateable valuation thereof, become, but for this paragraph, premises to which this Chapter applies. (c) This Chapter does not apply to premises to which the Act of 1923 had, by the operation of section 5 of the Act of 1926, ceased, before the operative date, to apply. Basic rent of controlled (1923 Act) premises the standard rent whereof has been determined by Court or by arbitration. 8.—(1) This section applies to controlled (1923 Act) premises in respect of which evidence is forthcoming of both the following facts:— (a) that the standard rent of the premises was determined by the Court before the operative date, and (b) the amount of the standard rent. (2) This section also applies to controlled (1923 Act) premises in respect of which evidence is forthcoming of both the following facts:— (a) that the standard rent of the premises was, before the operative date, the subject of an arbitration award, and (b) the amount of the standard rent. (3) The basic rent of premises to which this section applies shall be an amount equal to the sum of the following:— (a) the standard rent of the premises, and (b) (i) in the case of a dwelling, twenty per cent. of the standard rent, or (ii) in any other case, twenty-five per cent. of the standard rent. Basic rent of controlled (1923 Act) premises to which section 8 does not apply. 9.—(1) This section applies to every controlled (1923 Act) premises other than premises to which section 8 of this Act applies. (2) The basic rent of premises to which this section applies shall be determined by the Court and shall be a rent of such amount as the Court considers reasonable, under any given contract of tenancy not being for more than a term of five years, having regard to the basic rents of other controlled (1923 Act) premises and, in case evidence is forthcoming of both the following facts,— (i) that the premises the basic rent whereof is to be determined were on the 3rd day of August, 1914, held by an occupying tenant thereof under a contract of tenancy not being for more than a term of five years, or that they were not so held but were last so held on a date not being more than three years before the 3rd day of August, 1914, and (ii) the rent at which they were so held, then, having regard also to the amount of the said rent. (3) For the purpose of the determination by the Court of the basic rent under this section the tenant shall be deemed to be responsible for the rates. Premises not to cease to be controlled (1923 Act) premises by reason of increase of rateable valuation. 10.—(1) Where, by reason of an increase in the rateable valuation thereof, premises which were, immediately before the date of the increase, controlled (1923 Act) premises would, but for this section, become controlled (non-1923 Act) premises, then, notwithstanding such increase, the premises shall continue to be premises to which this Chapter applies. (2) Subsection (1) of this section shall not apply to premises the increase in the rateable valuation whereof arises from improvements or structural alterations carried out by the landlord while in possession of the whole of the premises. Lawful additions to basic rent of controlled (1923 Act) premises. 11.—(1) In subsection (2) of this section, the expression “the critical date” means— (a) in the case of premises to which section 8 of this Act applies, the operative date, (b) in the case of premises to which section 9 of this Act applies, the date of the institution of the proceedings in which the basic rent of the premises is determined. (2) For the purposes of this Act, the sum mentioned in any paragraph of this subsection shall, in the case set out in that paragraph, be a lawful addition to the basic rent of controlled (1923 Act) premises:— (a) in case the landlord of the premises pays or allows a deduction or set-off against, or indemnifies the tenant in respect of, the rates or any part thereof, a sum equal to the amount for the time being of such payment, deduction, set-off or indemnity (as the case may be); (b) in case the landlord, on or after the critical date, expends any amount (excluding any amount expended on decoration or repairs) on the improvement or structural alteration of the premises, a sum equal to eight per cent. per annum of that amount; (c) in case the landlord, on or after the critical date, expends any amount on repairs to the premises which are wholly or mainly rendered necessary because of acts of waste by, or the neglect or default of, the tenant or any person residing with him or any of his lodgers or subtenants, a sum equal to eight per cent. per annum of that amount; (d) (i) in case the landlord is responsible for the whole of the repairs to the premises, an amount not exceeding one-twelfth part of the basic rent, (ii) in case the landlord is responsible for part only of the repairs, such lesser amount as may be agreed upon between the landlord and the tenant or as may, on the application of either of the said parties, be determined by the Court, or, in the absence of any such agreement or determination, an amount not exceeding one twenty-fourth part of the basic rent; (e) in the case of premises to which section 8 of this Act applies, if the landlord has, in the year 1922, expended an amount in excess of one-third of the standard rent, or has, during a period comprising the two years 1923 and 1924, or 1925 and 1926, or 1927 and 1928, expended an amount in excess of two-thirds of the standard rent, on putting the premises into a reasonable state of repair, a sum equal to fifteen per cent. per annum of such excess or excesses of expenditure; (f) in the case of premises to which section 8 of this Act applies, if the landlord has, after the 4th day of August, 1914, and before the critical date, expended any amount on the improvement or structural alteration of the premises (but not including therein any amount expended on decoration or repairs) a sum equal to eight per cent. per annum of that amount; (g) in case the landlord, during a period comprising the two years 1945 and 1946, or 1946 and 1947, or 1947 and 1948, or 1948 and 1949, or 1949 and 1950, expends an amount in excess of two-thirds of the basic rent of the premises on putting the premises into a reasonable state of repair, a sum equal to fifteen per cent. per annum of such excess or excesses of expenditure. (3) For the purposes of subsection (2) of this section, the amount of any grant under the Housing (Financial and Miscellaneous Provisions) Acts, 1932 to 1944, as amended or extended by any subsequent enactment, shall not be reckoned as part of any amount expended on any improvement, structural alteration or repairs to which that subsection applies. (4) In the application of this Chapter to a small dwelling, within the meaning of the Local Government (Rates on Small Dwellings) Act, 1928 (No. 4 of 1928), the following provisions shall have effect: (a) the word “rates” in paragraph (a) of subsection (2) of this section shall not include a rate made by virtue of the last-mentioned Act on the owner of such small dwelling, and (b) the amount by which the rent of such small dwelling is increased by virtue of section 6 of the last-mentioned Act shall be taken into account as a lawful addition in calculating the lawful rent of such small dwelling, Lawful rent of controlled (1923 Act) premises. 12.—The lawful rent of controlled (1923 Act) premises shall be— (a) in case there is no lawful addition to the basic rent of the premises, the basic rent of the premises, (b) in any other case, the sum of the basic rent of the premises and the lawful additions thereto. Chapter 2. Lawful Rent of Controlled (Non-1923 Act) Premises. Controlled (non 1923 Act) premises. 13.—This Chapter applies to every controlled premises, other than premises in respect of which evidence is forthcoming that they are controlled (1923 Act) premises. Basic rent of certain controlled (non-1923 Act) premises. 14.—(1) Subject to subsection (2) of this section, this section applies to— (a) controlled (non-1923 Act) premises in respect of which evidence is forthcoming of both the following facts— (i) that they were, on the 7th day of May, 1941 (in this section referred to as the relevant date) held by an occupying tenant thereof under a contract of tenancy not being for more than a term of five years, and (ii) the rent at which they were so held; (b) controlled (non-1923 Act) premises in respect of which evidence is forthcoming of all the following facts— (i) that they were not so held on the 7th day of May, 1941, (ii) that they were last so held on a date (in this section also referred to as the relevant date) being not more than five years before the 7th day of May, 1941, and (iii) the rent at which they were so held. (2) This section shall not apply to premises to which, on the relevant date, the Act of 1923 applied. (3) The basic rent of premises to which this section applies shall be the net rent at which they were held on the relevant date. (4) For the purpose of this section, the net rent at which premises were held on the relevant date shall be taken to be— (a) in case the landlord at the relevant date habitually paid or allowed a deduction or set-off against, or indemnified the tenant in respect of the rates or any part thereof, the rent payable at that date less the amount of such payment, allowance, deduction, set-off or indemnity (as the case may be); (b) in any other case, the rent payable at that date. (5) References in sections 15 and 17 of this Act to the relevant date shall be construed as references to the date which is the relevant date for the purposes of this section. Revision of basic rents of promises to which section 14 applies. 15.—(1) If, on an application to the Court under this subsection by the tenant of premises to which section 14 of this Act applies, the Court is satisfied— (a) that, in the local financial year which includes the relevant date, there was in force, by virtue of any statute, a remission of two-thirds of the rates in respect of the premises or a reduction of the valuation of the premises for the purposes of the assessment and levying of rates, and (b) that at the date of the application such remission or reduction is no longer in force, and (c) that the basic rent of the premises exceeds the rent (in this subsection referred to as the notional rent) which, if the said remission or reduction had not been in force, the landlord might, at the relevant date, reasonably have expected under a contract of tenancy in the same terms as the contract of tenancy subsisting at the said date, assuming (if it was not the case) that the tenant was responsible for the rates, the basic rent of the premises shall be determined by the Court and shall be the amount which, in the opinion of the Court, represents the notional rent, and thenceforth the premises shall, without prejudice to the previous application thereto of paragraph (a) of section 23 of this Act, become premises to which section 16 of this Act applies as if such determination had been made under that section. (2) If, on an application to the Court under this subsection by the landlord of premises to which section 14 of this Act applies, the Court is satisfied— (a) that, in the local financial year immediately preceding the local financial year which includes the relevant date, there was in force, by virtue of any statute, a remission of two-thirds of the rates in respect of the premises or a reduction of the valuation of the premises for the purpose of the assessment and levying of rates, and (b) that, at the relevant date, such remission or reduction was no longer in force, and (c) that at the relevant date the landlord habitually paid or allowed a deduction or set-off against, or indemnified the tenant in respect of the rates or any part thereof, and (d) that the basic rent of the premises is less than the rent (in this subsection referred to as the notional rent) which, if the said remission or deduction had continued to be in force, the landlord might, at the relevant date, reasonably have expected under a contract of tenancy in the same terms as the contract of tenancy subsisting at the said date, assuming that the tenant was responsible for the rates, the basic rent of the premises shall be determined by the Court and shall be the amount which, in the opinion of the Court, represents the notional rent, and thenceforth the premises shall, without prejudice to the previous application thereto of paragraph (a) of section 23 of this Act, become premises to which section 16 of this Act applies as if such determination had been made under that section. (3) If, on an application to the Court under this subsection by the landlord or tenant of premises to which section 14 of this Act applies, the Court is satisfied that the basic rent of the premises either exceeds, or falls short of, by an amount exceeding one-fifth of the basic rent, the rent (in this subsection referred to as the notional rent) which, if the premises were premises to which section 16 of this Act applies, would be determined by the Court as the basic rent thereof, the basic rent of the premises shall be determined by the Court and shall be the amount which, in the opinion of the Court, represents the notional rent, and thenceforth the premises shall, without prejudice to the previous application thereto of paragraph (a) of section 23 of this Act, become premises to which section 16 of this Act applies as if such determination had been made under that section. Basic rent of controlled (non-1923 Act) premises to which section 14 does not apply. 16.—(1) This section applies to every controlled (non-1923 Act) premises other than premises to which section 14 of this Act applies. (2) The basic rent of premises to which this section applies shall be determined by the Court as follows:— (a) in the case of premises consisting of a separate and self-contained contained flat or tenement forming part of any buildings which, after the 7th day of May, 1941, are or which at that date were being bona fide reconstructed by way of conversion into two or more such flats or tenements, the basic rent of the premises shall be the rent which, in the opinion of the Court, the immediate landlord of an occupying tenant of the premises might, if the premises, as reconstructed, had been in existence in the year ending on the 7th day of May, 1941, reasonably have expected in that year under any given contract of tenancy not being for more than a term of five years; (b) in any other case, the basic rent shall be the rent which, in the opinion of the Court, the immediate landlord of an occupying tenant of the premises might, in the year ending on the 7th day of May, 1941, reasonably have expected under any given contract of tenancy not being for more than a term of five years. (3) For the purpose of the determination by the Court of the basic rent under this section the tenant shall be deemed to be responsible for the rates. (4) Where, under Article 5 of the Order of 1944, the basic rent of any premises was determined by the Court, the said determination shall, for the purposes of this Act, be deemed to have been made under this section and the said basic rent shall be the basic rent of the premises. Lawful additions to basic rent of controlled (non-1923 Act) premises. 17.—(1) In subsection (2) of this section, the expression “the critical date” means— (a) in the case of premises to which section 14 of this Act applies, the operative date, (b) in the case of premises to which section 16 of this Act applies, the date of the institution of the proceedings in which the basic rent of the premises is determined. (2) For the purposes of this Act, the sum mentioned in any paragraph of this subsection shall, in the case set out in that paragraph, be a lawful addition to the basic rent of controlled (non-1923 Act) premises: (a) in case the landlord of the premises pays or allows a deduction or set-off against, or indemnifies the tenant in respect of, the rates or any part thereof, a sum equal to the amount for the time being of such payment, deduction, set-off or indemnity (as the case may be); (b) in case the landlord, on or after the critical date, expends any amount (excluding any amount expended on decoration or repairs) on the improvement or structural alteration of the premises, a sum equal to eight per cent. per annum of that amount; (c) in case the landlord, on or after the critical date, expends any amount on repairs to the premises which are wholly or mainly rendered necessary because of acts of waste by, or the neglect or default of, the tenant or any person residing with him or any of his lodgers or subtenants a sum equal to eight per cent. per annum of that amount; (d) in the case of premises to which section 14 of this Act applies, if the landlord has, on or after the relevant date, and before the critical date, expended any amount on the improvement or structural alteration of the premises (but not including therein any amount expended on decoration or repairs) a sum equal to eight per cent. per annum of that amount; (e) in case the landlord, during a period comprising the two years 1945 and 1946, or 1946 and 1947, or 1947 and 1948, or 1948 and 1949, or 1949 and 1950, expends an amount in excess of two-thirds of the basic rent of the premises on putting the premises into a reasonable state of repair, a sum equal to fifteen per cent. per annum of such excess or excesses of expenditure; (f) in the case of premises to which paragraph (a) of subsection (2) of section 16 of this Act applies, a sum equal to eight per cent. per annum of such amount as bears to the total cost of the reconstruction of the buildings referred to in that paragraph the same proportion as the rateable valuation of the premises bears to the rateable valuation (or the total of the rateable valuations) of the said buildings as reconstructed. (3) For the purposes of subsection (2) of this section, the amount of any grant under the Housing (Financial and Miscellaneous Provisions) Acts, 1932 to 1944, as amended or extended by any subsequent enactment, shall not be reckoned as part of any amount expended on any improvement, structural alteration or repairs to which that subsection applies. (4) In the application of this Chapter to a small dwelling, within the meaning of the Local Government (Rates on Small Dwellings) Act, 1928 (No. 4 of 1928), the following provisions shall have effect: (a) the word “rates” in paragraph (a) of subsection (2) of this section shall not include a rate made by virtue of the last-mentioned Act on the owner of such small dwelling, and (b) the amount by which the rent of such small dwelling is increased by virtue of section 6 of the last-mentioned Act shall be taken into account as a lawful addition in calculating the lawful rent of such small dwelling. Lawful rent of controlled (non-1923 Act) premises. 18.—The lawful rent of controlled (non-1923 Act) premises shall be— (a) in case there is no lawful addition to the basic rent of the premises, the basic rent of the premises, (b) in any other case, the sum of the basic rent of the premises and the lawful additions thereto. Chapter 3. Determination of Rent and Recovery of Overpayments. Information as to basic rent to be supplied by landlords and vendors. 19.—(1) The landlord of controlled premises shall, on being so requested in writing, supply the tenant with a statement in writing affording any information in the landlord's possession or procurement requisite to enable the tenant to determine the basic rent of the premises or have it determined by the Court, and if, without reasonable excuse, the landlord fails within twenty-eight days to do so or supplies a statement which is false or misleading in any material particular and not proved to have been made innocently and without intent to deceive, he shall be guilty of an offence under this section and shall, on summary conviction thereof, be liable to a fine not exceeding ten pounds. (2) There shall be implied in every contract, made on or after the operative date, for the sale of any interest in controlled premises (if not already expressly included) a provision binding the vendor to give to the purchaser any information in the vendor's possession or procurement requisite to enable the purchaser to determine the basic rent of the premises or any part thereof. (3) Every stipulation in a contract for the sale of controlled premises, whereby the purchaser is precluded from making requisitions as to the matters mentioned in subsection (2) of this section, shall be void. Determination of rent to be paid by tenants. 20.—(1) The rent to be paid by a tenant in respect of controlled premises shall, subject to this Act, be determined in accordance with the following provisions:— (a) where the landlord and the tenant agree upon the rent to be paid by the tenant and the rent so agreed upon does not exceed the amount which is then the lawful rent of the premises, the rent so agreed upon shall, until varied by agreement or by a notice under this section, be and continue to be the rent to be paid by the tenant in respect of the premises; (b) where the rent for the time being payable by the tenant is less than the lawful rent for the time being and the landlord serves on the tenant a notice under this section increasing the rent to an amount not exceeding the lawful rent for the time being, then, as from the date on which the notice takes effect, the rent as so increased shall, until varied by agreement or by a notice under this section, be and continue to be the rent to be paid by the tenant in respect of the premises; (c) where the rent for the time being payable by the tenant exceeds the lawful rent for the time being and the tenant serves on the landlord a notice under this section reducing the rent to an amount equal to the lawful rent for the time being, then, as from the date on which the notice takes effect, the rent as so reduced shall, until varied by agreement or a notice under this section, be and continue to be the rent to be paid by the tenant in respect of the premises; (d) where the rent to be paid by a statutory tenant has not been determined under any of the foregoing paragraphs of this subsection, the rent payable by the tenant for the time being in respect of the premises on the operative date, or the then lawful rent (whichever is the lesser), or if the statutory tenant has since the operative date held under any contract of tenancy, the rent last payable by him under that contract or the then lawful rent (whichever is the lesser) shall, subject to this section, be and continue to be the rent to be paid in respect of the premises; (e) where the rent to be paid by a non-statutory tenant has not been determined under any of the foregoing paragraphs of this subsection, the rent payable by the tenant for the time being in respect of the premises on the operative date, or the then lawful rent (whichever is the lesser), or if the tenant holds under any contract of tenancy, the tenancy whereunder commenced subsequent to the operative date, the rent payable by him at the commencement of the tenancy or the then lawful rent (whichever is the lesser) shall, subject to this section, be and continue to be the rent to be paid in respect of the premises. (2) Every notice served under this section shall be in the prescribed form, or a form substantially to the same effect, and shall contain the relevant particulars indicated by the form. (3) The following provisions shall have effect with respect to notices under subsection (1) of this section: (a) in case the notice purports to increase the rent payable by a non-statutory tenant to an amount exceeding the amount which would, under the terms of his contract of tenancy and disregarding any enactment (including this Act) by which any term thereof relating to rent is modified, be payable at the time when the notice is expressed to take effect, the notice shall take effect on the date mentioned in whichever of the following subparagraphs is applicable: (i) if the tenancy could be legally determined on any day subsequent to service of the notice but not later than the date on which the notice is expressed to take effect, that date; (ii) if the tenancy could not be so determined, the earliest date on which, if the notice were a notice to quit, it would be effective to determine the tenancy; (b) in any other case, the notice shall take effect on the expiry of seven clear days from the date of service. (4) If a notice served under this section contains any statement or representation which is false or misleading in any material respect the person making or causing to be made such statement or representation shall be guilty of an offence under this section and shall, on summary conviction thereof, be liable to a fine not exceeding ten pounds unless he proves that the statement or representation was made innocently and without intent to deceive. (5) At any time after the expiry of a notice under paragraph (b) of subsection (1) of this section increasing the rent of any controlled premises by an amount consisting of or including any sum in respect of the matters mentioned in paragraph (b), (c), (f) or (g) of subsection (2) of section 11, or paragraph (b), (c), (d) or (e) of subsection (2) of section 17 , of this Act, the Court may, on the application of the tenant, if satisfied that the expenditure (in so far as it is applicable to any of the said matters) in respect of which the notice was served was not incurred or was unnecessary in whole or in part, disallow or reduce the increase accordingly, as from such date (whether before the date of the application or otherwise) as the Court thinks fit. Effect of transfer to tenant of burdens previously borne by landlord. 21.—(1) Any transfer to a tenant of any burden or liability previously borne by the landlord shall, for the purposes of this Act, be treated as an alteration of rent, and where, as the result of such a transfer, the terms on which any premises are held are on the whole less favourable to the tenant than the previous terms, the rent shall be deemed to be increased, whether or not the sum periodically payable by way of rent is increased, and any increase of rent in respect of any transfer to a landlord of any burden or liability previously borne by the tenant where, as the result of the transfer, the terms on which any premises are held are, on the whole, not less favourable to the tenant than the previous terms, shall be deemed not to be an increase of rent for the purposes of this Act. (2) For the purpose of this section, the rent shall not be deemed to be increased where the liability for rates is transferred from the landlord to the tenant if a corresponding reduction is made in the rent. Reduction of rent owing to default of landlord in keeping premises in repair. 22.—(1) The tenant or the sanitary authority may at any time apply to the Court on notice to the landlord for an order reducing the rent of any controlled (1923 Act) premises on the ground that the premises are not in all respects in good and tenantable repair. (2) Where an application is made under this section the Court, on being satisfied that the premises to which the application relates are not in all respects in good and tenantable repair and on being further satisfied that the condition of the premises is wholly or mainly due to the failure of the landlord to carry out such repairs as he is by virtue of any covenant, agreement, or otherwise by operation of law (including this Act) bound to carry out, may order that the rent to be paid for the premises be reduced by such amount, not exceeding twenty per cent. of the lawful rent, as the Court thinks proper. (3) In any application under this section, a certificate of the sanitary authority that the premises to which the application relates are not in all respects in good and tenantable repair shall be prima facie evidence of the facts so certified. (4) Where an order is made under subsection (2) of this section, the following provisions shall have effect:— (a) the order shall remain in force unless and until the Court, on the application of the landlord, being satisfied that all repairs, the neglect to carry out which was the ground for the making of the order, have been carried out, makes an order terminating the reduction; (b) if, on such application, the Court is satisfied that such repairs have wholly or mainly been rendered necessary by the persistent neglect or default of the landlord, the Court may, notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, order that the said reduced rent, or such other amount, not being less than eighty per cent. of the lawful rent, as the Court shall determine, shall be and continue to be the rent to be paid for the premises for such time as the Court thinks proper. (5) On any application to a sanitary authority for a certificate for the purposes of this section a fee of five shillings shall be payable but on an application made to the Court under this section the Court may order that the tenant shall be entitled to deduct the fee from any subsequent payment of rent. (6) Where on the operative date proceedings are pending under subsection (2) of section 8 of the Act of 1923, the proceedings shall continue and shall be treated as if they were proceedings under subsection (1) of this section. (7) In this section the expression “sanitary authority” means the sanitary authority under the Public Health Acts, 1878 to 1931. Sums declared to be irrecoverable. 23.—If— (a) the rent of controlled premises (being premises to which section 8 or section 14 of this Act applies) in respect of any period beginning on or after the operative date exceeds the rent to be paid (in accordance with this Act) for those premises in respect of that period, or (b) the rent of controlled premises (being premises to which section 9 or section 16 of this Act applies) in respect of any period beginning on or after the date on which the basic rent is determined by the Court exceeds the rent to be paid (in accordance with this Act) for those premises in respect of that period, the amount of the excess shall, notwithstanding any agreement to the contrary, be irrecoverable from the tenant of the premises. Recovery of overpayments. 24.—(1) Where any sum— (a) has been paid on account of any rent which has accrued due after the operative date, and (b) is a sum declared by section 23 of this Act to be irrecoverable from the tenant, such sum shall, subject to section 25 of this Act, be recoverable from the landlord who received the payment or his legal personal representative by the tenant by whom it was paid or his legal personal representative. (2) If any person in any rent book or similar document makes an entry showing or purporting to show any tenant as being in arrear in respect of any sum declared by this Act to be irrecoverable that person shall be guilty of an offence under this section and shall, on summary conviction thereof, be liable to a fine not exceeding ten pounds, unless he proves that he acted innocently and without intent to deceive. Limitation on recovery of overpayments. 25.—No person shall be entitled to recover in any manner any sum paid on account of rent which is by section 23 of this Act or section 12 of the Act of 1923 declared to be irrecoverable from the tenant save within six years next after the payment of that sum. PART III. Special Provisions for the Relief of Tenants of Small Premises. Commencement of Part III. 26.—This Part shall come into operation on such day as the Minister by order appoints for the purpose. Interpretation of Part III. 27.—In this Part— the expression “appointed area” means any area being— (a) a county borough, (b) the borough of Dún Laoghaire, or (c) any area prescribed by regulations for the time being in force as an appointed area for the purposes of this Part; the expression “existing rent” means the rent payable by a tenant for small premises immediately prior to his making an application for a provisional order in respect of the premises; the expression “provisional order” means an order under section 29 of this Act; the expression “small premises” means premises being— (a) controlled (1923 Act) premises situate in an appointed area which is a county borough or the borough of Dún Laoghaire, the rateable valuation whereof does not exceed ten pounds, or (b) controlled (1923 Act) premises situate in any other appointed area, the rateable valuation whereof does not exceed such amount (not being more than ten pounds) as may be prescribed. Applications for provisional orders. 28.—(1) The tenant of premises which he claims to be small premises may apply to a District Justice assigned to the district in which the premises are situate for a provisional order fixing the lawful rent of the premises. (2) Every application under this section shall be made by the tenant attending, in person or by agent, the District Court Clerk of the district court area in which the premises concerned are situate and furnishing particulars in support of his claim to the said District Court Clerk who shall record such particulars and refer the application as soon as may be to the appropriate District Justice. (3) Any person who, in support of an application under this section, furnishes or causes to be furnished to the District Court Clerk particulars which are false or misleading in any material respect, shall, unless he proves that he acted innocently and without intent to deceive, be guilty of an offence under this section and shall, on summary conviction thereof, be liable to a fine not exceeding ten pounds. (4) Where a person, not being a solicitor, acts as agent for any person on an application under this section directly or indirectly for or in expectation of reward or is remunerated directly or indirectly out of the funds of any body corporate or unincorporated body of persons of which the tenant is or was a member or to the funds of which he has been a subscriber, he shall be guilty of an offence under this subsection and shall, without prejudice to his liability to be convicted of any other offence of which he may be guilty, be liable on summary conviction thereof to a fine not exceeding one hundred pounds or, at the discretion of the Court, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or to both such fine and imprisonment. Making of provisional orders. 29.—(1) Every application referred to a District Justice under section 28 of this Act shall be dealt with by him as follows:— (a) he shall deal with the application privately, (b) in case it appears to him— (i) that the premises are small premises to which section 8 of this Act applies, or (ii) that the premises are small premises to which section 9 of this Act applies, the basic rent whereof has already been determined by the Court, and that the amount of that basic rent is ascertainable, he may, subject to paragraph (d) of this subsection, by order determine provisionally— (I) the lawful additions to the basic rent of the premises, and (II) the lawful rent of the premises; (c) in case it appears to him that the premises are small premises to which paragraph (b) of this subsection does not apply, he may subject to paragraph (d) of this subsection by order determine provisionally— (i) the basic rent of the premises under section 9 of this Act, (ii) the lawful additions to the basic rent of the premises, and (iii) the lawful rent of the premises; (d) in case it appears to him that the lawful rent of the premises, if determined by a provisional order, would equal or exceed the existing rent, he shall dismiss the application and cause the tenant to be informed accordingly; (e) if the premises are not separately valued under the Valuation Acts, then, for the purposes of this Act, he may by the provisional order provisionally apportion to the premises such part as he thinks proper of the rateable valuation of the property in which the premises are comprised. (2) An appeal shall not lie to the Circuit Court from the determination of a District Justice on an application under section 28 of this Act. Provisions as to provisional orders. 30.—(1) Where a District Justice makes a provisional order in relation to any premises, he shall as soon as may be cause a copy thereof to be served on the landlord and on the tenant, which copy may be served in the same manner as a summons under the rules of the District Court for the time being. (2) Subject to paragraph (a) of subsection (1) of section 31 and notwithstanding section 20 of this Act, the lawful rent fixed by a provisional order shall, as on and from the gale day next following the making of the order and for so long as the provisional order remains in force, be the rent to be paid for the premises to which the order applies. (3) No proceedings shall be taken under Part II of this Act for the determination of the basic rent of any premises while a provisional order in respect thereof is in force or an application in respect thereof is pending under this Part. Application by landlord in relation to provisional order. 31.—(1) The landlord of any premises in respect of which a provisional order has been made may, within three months after the service of a copy of the provisional order upon him, apply to the District Court to revoke, or modify the terms of the provisional order and thereupon the following provisions shall have effect:— (a) if on the hearing of the application it appears to the Court that the premises are not small premises, the Court shall revoke the provisional order with effect retrospectively from the date of the making thereof; (b) in any other case, the Court may, as it thinks proper— (i) by order confirm the terms of the provisional order with or without modification, or (ii) revoke the provisional order and make such new order in relation to the premises as the circumstances may require; (c) if an order is made under paragraph (b) of this subsection, then, as on and from the making thereof and notwithstanding anything in any other provision of this Act,— (i) the said order shall have effect as the final determination of the District Court in respect of the matters to which the said order relates, (ii) the provisional order shall cease to be in force, and (iii) for the purpose of the application of section 20 of this Act the tenant shall be deemed to have entered into an agreement with the landlord to pay in respect of the premises a rent equal to the lawful rent of the premises as determined by the said order made under paragraph (b) of this subsection; (d) on the hearing of the application the Court may make an order for the payment, in such manner as the Court may direct, of any amount due by either party to the other in relation to the premises, whether on account of rent or under any provision of this Act. (2) The costs of the parties in an application under this section shall be in the discretion of the Court, but no costs shall be awarded against the tenant in any case in which it is proved that the existing rent was higher than the lawful rent. (3) If, on an appeal by the landlord to the Circuit Court against an order made by the District Court under this section, the Circuit Court certifies that having regard to all the circumstances of the case it is proper that the whole or a specified part of the amount for which the tenant is liable in respect of the costs of the appeal (including the tenant's own costs and the costs (if any) which, under the order of the Court, the tenant is liable to pay to the landlord) shall be defrayed out of State funds, the Minister shall defray out of moneys provided by the Oireachtas the amount of the costs in respect of which it has been so certified. Provisions applicable in default of application by landlord. 32.—(1) If the landlord of any premises does not, within three months after the date of service on him of a provisional order in respect of the premises, apply to the District Court for an order under section 31 of this Act, the following provisions shall have effect, notwithstanding anything in any other provision of this Act: (a) the terms of the provisional order shall be deemed to have been confirmed by the District Court by order under subsection (1) of section 31 of this Act and the provisions of paragraph (c) of the said subsection shall apply accordingly; (b) an appeal shall not lie to the Circuit Court from a confirming order which is deemed to have been so made. (2) As soon as may be after the provisions of subsection (1) of this section have taken effect in relation to any premises, the District Justice having jurisdiction for the purposes of this Act in the district in which the premises are situate shall cause to be served (in a manner authorised for the service of a copy of a provisional order under section 30 of this Act) on the landlord and on the tenant a notice, in the prescribed form, informing such persons thereof accordingly, but failure to comply with the provisions of this subsection shall not be construed as affecting the operation of the said subsection (1). Exemption from court fees. 33.—No court fees shall be payable by the tenant in any proceedings (including any appeal or case stated) under this Part. Orders obtained by false statements. 34.—If the Court is satisfied that a provisional order has been obtained by means of any statement or representation on the part of the tenant which was, to the knowledge of the tenant, untrue or misleading, the Court may revoke such order, and make such new and further orders as justice may require including an order requiring the tenant to pay any costs incurred by the landlord in the matter. District court valuers. 35.—(1) The Minister may, with the sanction of the Minister for Finance, appoint such and so many persons as he thinks fit to be district court valuers for the purposes of this Part. (2) Every district court valuer shall hold office at the will of the Minister and may be removed from office by the Minister. (3) The remuneration and conditions of employment generally of district court valuers shall be determined by the Minister for Finance. (4) Every district court valuer shall be assigned to such district as the Minister shall from time to time direct. (5) The Civil Service Regulation Acts, 1924 and 1926, shall not apply to the situation of district court valuer. Reference by District Justices of questions affecting rateable valuation or rent of small premises to valuers. 36.—(1) The District Justice assigned to a district to which a district court valuer is assigned may refer to such district court valuer for investigation and report to him any question affecting the rateable valuation or rent of small premises the subject of any proceedings before him under this Part or involving the rent being paid or payable for other small premises. (2) The District Justice assigned to a district to which a district court valuer is not assigned may refer to such person (in this section referred to as a special valuer) as he thinks fit for investigation and report to him any question affecting the rateable valuation or rent of any small premises the subject of proceedings before him under this Part of this Act or involving the rent being paid or payable for other small premises. (3) Special valuers shall be remunerated by the Minister at such rates as may be prescribed by the Minister for Finance. (4) A district court valuer or a special valuer to whom a District Justice has referred any question under subsection (1) or subsection (2) of this section may, if authorised in writing by the District Justice so to do, and on productio …