Consumer Protection Act 2007

In short

This law establishes the National Consumer Agency and prohibits unfair, misleading, and aggressive commercial practices to protect consumers. It also outlines legal proceedings, remedies, and penalties for breaches of these protections.

What it regulates

The establishment and functions of the National Consumer Agency.
Prohibitions against unfair, misleading, and aggressive commercial practices.
Rules regarding price display, surcharges, and consumer information.
The prohibition of pyramid promotional schemes.

Who it concerns

The National Consumer Agency and its staff.
Traders engaged in commercial practices.
Consumers who purchase goods or services.

Key points

A general prohibition exists on unfair commercial practices.
Misleading commercial practices, including false information or withholding material information, are prohibited.
Aggressive commercial practices are generally prohibited.
Participating in, establishing, operating, or promoting pyramid promotional schemes is an indictable offence.

Legal text

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s)or rangeBliain nó blianta nó raon TypeCineál All Legislation Acts Statutory Instruments Advanced SearchCuardach Casta HomeBaile ActsAchtanna 2007 Consumer Protection Act 2007 Consumer Protection Act 2007 Permanent Page URL View by SectionAmharc de réir Ailt View Full ActAmharc ar an Acht Iomlán Bill History Stair Bille Commencement, Amendments, SIs made under the Act Tosach Feidhme, Leasuithe, IRí arna ndéanamh faoin Acht Revised Act Acht Athbh… Open PDFOscail PDF Print Full ActPriontáil an tAcht Iomlán Number 19 of 2007 CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 2007 ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS PART 1 Preliminary Matters Section 1. Short title and commencement. 2. Interpretation and application. 3. Regulations. 4. Repeals. 5. Expenses. PART 2 National Consumer Agency Chapter 1 The Agency 6. Establishment day. 7. Establishment of Agency. 8. Functions of Agency. 9. Review of legislation. 10. Membership of Agency. 11. Chairperson of Agency. 12. Meetings and procedures of Agency. 13. Committees. 14. Chief executive. 15. Functions of chief executive. 16. Attendance of chief executive before Committee of Public Accounts. 17. Attendance of chief executive before other Oireachtas Committees. 18. Membership of either House of the Oireachtas, European Parliament or local authority. 19. Indemnity for members of Agency. 20. Strategy statement and work programme of Agency. 21. Provision for co-operation between Agency and certain prescribed bodies. 22. Reports and information to Minister. 23. Accounts and audits. 24. Advances by Minister to Agency. 25. Disclosure of interests. 26. Power to enter into contracts and to engage consultants and advisers. 27. Premises of Agency. 28. Seal of Agency. 29. Power to borrow. 30. Authorised officers of Agency. 31. Disclosure of information relating to offences. 32. Prohibition on unauthorised disclosure of information. 33. Amendment of Freedom of Information Act 1997. Chapter 2 Staff of Agency 34. Staffing. 35. Transfer of employment of certain persons to Agency. 36. Superannuation. Chapter 3 Transfer of Functions, etc. 37. Transfer of functions to Agency. 38. Preservation of existing contracts. 39. Transfer of assets and liabilities. 40. References in certain other enactments to Director or Office of Director. PART 3 Commercial Practices Chapter 1 Unfair Commercial Practices 41. General prohibition on unfair commercial practices. Chapter 2 Misleading Commercial Practices 42. General prohibition on misleading commercial practices. 43. Misleading: false, misleading or deceptive information. 44. Misleading: competitor or product confusion in marketing or advertising. 45. Misleading: non-compliance with commitment under code of practice by which trader is bound. 46. Misleading: withholding, omitting or concealing material information. 47. Offence: misleading commercial practices. 48. Prohibition on surcharges where one method of payment chosen in preference to another. 49. Requirement that surcharge (where otherwise permissible) be stated as part of price. 50. Consumer information regulations. 51. Offences: contravening consumer information regulations. Chapter 3 Aggressive Commercial Practices 52. General prohibition on aggressive commercial practices. 53. Aggressive commercial practices. 54. Offence: aggressive commercial practices. Chapter 4 Prohibited Commercial Practices 55. Prohibited commercial practices. 56. Offence: prohibited commercial practices. 57. Price display regulations. 58. Offence: price display contraventions. 59. Offence: weighing facilities in grocery retail. 60. Offence: preventing the reading of prices. 61. State of emergency affecting supply of a product. 62. Power to fix maximum prices during state of emergency. 63. Offence: contravening maximum price orders. PART 4 Pyramid Promotional Schemes 64. Definition (Part 4). 65. Indictable offence: participating in, establishing, operating or promoting pyramid promotional schemes. 66. Pyramid promotional scheme agreements void. PART 5 Proceedings, Remedies and Penalties Chapter 1 Interpretation and General Matters related to Proceedings 67. Definition (Part 5). 68. Presumption respecting representations. 69. Advertisers. 70. Offence of trader due to act or default of another person. Chapter 2 Civil Proceedings 71. Civil relief by way of prohibition orders. 72. Prohibition orders against code owners. 73. Undertakings with the Agency. 74. Consumer's right of action for damages. Chapter 3 Compliance Notices 75. Compliance notices. Chapter 4 Criminal Proceedings 76. Time limit for instituting proceedings. 77. Liability for offences by bodies corporate. 78. Defence of due diligence. 79. Fines and penalties. 80. Convicted persons liable for costs and expenses of proceedings and investigation. 81. Convicted traders liable to compensate consumers for loss or damage. 82. Court may order convicted person to publish corrective statement. 83. Summary trial of persons indicted. 84. Agency may institute summary proceedings for offences. Chapter 5 Fixed Payment Notices 85. Fixed payment notices for price display and product pricing offences. Chapter 6 Publication of Trader Names (Consumer Protection List) 86. Agency may publish information respecting certain persons. PART 6 Miscellaneous 87. Protections for persons reporting breaches. 88. Voluntary submission of codes for Agency review and approval. 89. Admissibility of codes of practice in proceedings. 90. Agency guidelines. 91. Saving for certain contracts. 92. Saving of current price display orders. 93. Transitional. 94. Amendment of Central Bank Act 1942. 95. Amendment of Sale of Goods and Supply of Services Act 1980. 96. Saving for other rights person may have. 97. Amendment of Industrial Development Act 1993. 98. Amendment of Casual Trading Act 1995. 99. Amendment of Hallmarking Act 1981. 100. Power of officer of customs and excise to detain unsafe goods. 101. Directions under certain instruments respecting product safety: actions of third parties. 102. Admissibility of certain laboratory tests. SCHEDULE 1 Existing Enactments PART 1 Enactments — Acts of the Oireachtas PART 2 Enactments made under the European Communities Act 1972 which are existing Enactments SCHEDULE 2 Repeals SCHEDULE 3 References in Certain Acts and Instruments to Director or Office of Director PART 1 References in Certain Acts to Director of Consumer Affairs or Office of the Director of Consumer Affairs PART 2 References in Certain Instruments to Director of Consumer Affairs or Office of the Director of Consumer Affairs SCHEDULE 4 Enactments for the purpose of section 73 (Undertakings with the Agency) SCHEDULE 5 Enactments for the purpose of section 75 (Compliance notices) SCHEDULE 6 Redress for contravention of section 87 SCHEDULE 7 Statutory Instruments for the purposes of sections 101 and 102 (Directions respecting product safety and admissibility of laboratory tests) SCHEDULE 8 Directives for the purpose of section 102 (Admissibility of laboratory tests) Acts Referred to Agricultural Produce (Fresh Meat) Act 1930 1930, No. 10 Agricultural Produce (Potatoes) Act 1931 1931, No. 26 Anglo-Portuguese Commercial Treaty Act 1914 5 & 6 Geo. 5., c. 1 Anglo-Portuguese Commercial Treaty Act 1916 6 & 7 Geo. 5., c. 39 Carer’s Leave Act 2001 2001, No. 19 Casual Trading Act 1995 1995, No. 19 Central Bank Act 1942 1942, No. 22 Central Bank and Financial Services Authority of Ireland Act 2003 2003, No. 12 Central Bank and Financial Services Authority of Ireland Act 2004 2004, No. 21 Companies Act 1990 1990, No. 33 Competition Act 2002 2002, No. 14 Comptroller and Auditor General (Amendment) Act 1993 1993, No. 8 Consumer Credit Act 1995 1995, No. 24 Consumer Information Act 1978 1978, No. 1 Criminal Procedure Act 1967 1967, No. 12 Electronic Commerce Act 2000 2000, No. 27 European Communities (Amendment) Act 1993 1993, No. 25 European Communities Act 1972 1972, No. 27 European Parliament Elections Act 1997 1997, No. 2 Food Safety Authority of Ireland Act 1998 1998, No. 29 Freedom of Information Act 1997 1997, No. 13 Hallmarking Act 1981 1981, No. 18 Industrial Development Act 1986 1986, No. 9 Industrial Development Act 1993 1993, No. 19 Interpretation Act 2005 2005, No. 23 Investment Funds, Companies and Miscellaneous Provisions Act 2006 2006, No. 41 Liability for Defective Products Act 1991 1991, No. 28 Local Government Act 2001 2001, No. 37 Merchandise Marks Act 1887 50 & 51 Vic., c. 28 Merchandise Marks Act 1891 54 & 55 Vic., c. 15 Merchandise Marks Act 1911 1 & 2 Geo. 5., c. 31 Merchandise Marks Act 1931 1931, No. 48 Merchandise Marks Act 1970 1970, No. 10 Merchandise Marks Acts 1887 to 1978 Minimum Notice and Terms of Employment Acts 1973 to 2005 National Archives Act 1986 1986, No. 11 National Standards Authority of Ireland Act 1996 1996, No. 28 Occasional Trading Act 1979 1979, No. 35 Official Languages Act 2003 2003, No. 32 Ombudsman Act 1980 1980, No. 26 Ombudsman for Children Act 2002 2002, No. 22 Organisation of Working Time Act 1997 1997, No. 20 Packaged Goods (Quantity Control) Act 1980 1980, No. 11 Package Holidays and Travel Trade Act 1995 1995, No. 17 Parental Leave Acts 1998 and 2006 Pawnbrokers Act 1964 1964, No. 31 Personal Injuries Assessment Board Act 2003 2003, No. 46 Portuguese Treaty Act 1930 1930, No. 35 Prices (Amendment) Act 1972 1972, No. 20 Prices Act 1958 1958, No. 4 Prompt Payment of Accounts Act 1997 1997, No. 31 Protection of Employees (Fixed-Term Work) Act 2003 2003, No. 29 Protection of Employees (Part-Time Work) Act 2001 2001, No. 45 Pyramid Selling Act 1980 1980, No. 27 Redundancy Payments Acts 1967 to 2003 Restrictive Practices (Amendment) Act 1987 1987, No. 31 Road Traffic Act 1968 1968, No. 25 Sale of Goods and Supply of Services Act 1980 1980, No. 16 Seed Production Act 1955 1955, No. 14 Spanish Trade Agreement Act 1936 1936, No. 6 Taxes Consolidation Act 1997 1997, No. 39 Terms of Employment (Information) Act 1994 1994, No. 5 Terms of Employment (Information) Acts 1994 and 2001 Trading Stamps Act 1980 1980, No. 23 Unfair Dismissals Act 1977 1977, No. 10 Unfair Dismissals Acts 1977 to 2005 Veterinary Practice Act 2005 2005, No. 22 Number 19 of 2007 CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 2007 AN ACT TO GIVE EFFECT TO THE UNFAIR COMMERCIAL PRACTICES DIRECTIVE (DIRECTIVE NO. 2005/29/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL OF 11 MAY 2005), TO ESTABLISH A BODY TO BE KNOWN AS AN GHNÍOMHAIREACHT NÁISIÚNTA TOMHALTÓIRÍ OR, IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, THE NATIONAL CONSUMER AGENCY AND TO DEFINE ITS FUNCTIONS, TO MAKE NEW PROVISION IN RELATION TO PYRAMID SELLING SCHEMES, TO AMEND THE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ACT 1993 AND TO PROVIDE FOR RELATED MATTERS. [21st April, 2007] BE IT ENACTED BY THE OIREACHTAS AS FOLLOWS: PART 1 Preliminary Matters Short title and commencement. 1.—

(1)This Act may be cited as the Consumer Protection Act 2007.

(2)This Act shall come into operation on such day or days as the Minister may appoint by order or orders either generally or with reference to any particular purpose or provision and different days may be so appointed for different purposes or different provisions, including the application of section 4 to different enactments specified in Schedule 2 and to different provisions of those enactments. Interpretation and application. 2.—

(1)In this Act— “ advertisement ” includes any form of advertising or marketing; “Agency” means the National Consumer Agency established by section 7 ; “authorised officer” means a person appointed under section 30 ; “chief executive” means the chief executive officer of the Agency; “ code of practice” means any code, agreement or set of rules or standards that is not imposed by or under an enactment but purports to govern or define commercial practices of one or more traders (whether generally or in respect of a particular trade, business or professional sector or one or more commercial practices) who agree, commit or undertake to abide or be bound by such rules or standards; “ commercial practice ” means any conduct (whether an act or omission), course of conduct or representation by the trader in relation to a consumer transaction, including any such conduct or representation made or engaged in before, during or after the consumer transaction; “ consumer ” means a natural person (whether in the State or not) who is acting for purposes unrelated to the person’s trade, business or profession; “ consumer transaction ” means a promotion or supply of a product to a consumer; “ contravene ”, in relation to a provision, includes fail to comply with the provision; “ Directive ” means Directive No. 2005/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2005 1 concerning unfair business-to-consumer commercial practices in the internal market and amending Council Directive 84/450/EEC, Directives 97/7/EC, 98/27/EC and 2002/65/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Regulation (EC) No. 2006/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council; “ Director ” means the Director of Consumer Affairs; “ enactment ” means an Act (within the meaning of the Interpretation Act 2005 ) or any instrument made under a power conferred by an Act (within that meaning); “ establishment day ” means the establishment day appointed under section 6 ; “existing enactments” means the following enactments, to the extent to which those enactments confer functions on the Director which are transferred to the Agency pursuant to section 37 : (

a)food legislation, within the meaning of the Food Safety Authority of Ireland Act 1998 ; (
b)the enactments specified in Part 1 of Schedule 1 and any instruments made under those enactments for the time being in force; and (
c)the regulations made under the European Communities Act 1972 for the time being in force specified in Part 2 of Schedule 1 ; “ financial year” means a period of 12 months ending on 31 December in any year and, in the case of the first financial year of the Agency, means the period commencing on the establishment day and ending on 31 December in the year in which the establishment day falls; “ goods ” means real or personal property of any nature or description, and includes— (
a)ships, aircraft or other vehicles, (
b)animals, (
c)minerals, trees or crops, whether on, under or attached to land or not, (
d)gas, electricity or water, (
e)computer software, (
f)tickets or like evidence of a right to be in attendance at a particular place at a particular time or times or a right of transportation, (
g)any voucher, coupon or other document or thing intended to be used as a substitute for money in the payment, in whole or in part, for a product or otherwise exchanged for a product, and (
h)any description of interest (present or future, vested or contingent) or obligation arising out of or incidental to goods; “ goods or services ” means goods or services or both; “ invitation to purchase ” means a representation by the trader in a consumer transaction that— (
a)indicates characteristics of the product and includes its price, and (
b)enables the consumer to purchase the product; “ Minister ” means the Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment; “ prescribed ” means prescribed by regulations made by the Minister; “ product ” means goods or services; “ public body ” means— (
a)a board, authority or other body, other than a company under the Companies Acts, established by or under statute; (
b)a company under the Companies Acts in which all the shares are held— (
i)by or on behalf of a Minister of the Government, or (
ii)by directors appointed by a Minister of the Government; (
c)a company under the Companies Acts in which all the shares are held by a board, authority or body referred to in paragraph (
a)or by a company referred to in paragraph (b); “ purchase” means to buy, obtain or acquire by any method and includes accept, receive, be vested with, lease, take possession, control or occupation of, and agree to do any of those things (but does not include expropriate); “ relevant State ” means a state that is a contracting State to the EEA Agreement within the meaning of the European Communities (Amendment) Act 1993 ; “ relevant statutory provisions ” means— (
a)existing enactments, (
b)the Merchandise Marks Act 1970 and any instruments made under that Act for the time being in force, (
c)certain provisions of the Prices Act 1958 referred to in section 92 and the enactments specified in subsection

(1)(

a)to (
e)of that section to the extent to which they remain in force for the purposes of this Act, (
d)the enactments specified in subsection

(1)(

a)to (
c)of section 93 , and (
e)this Act and any instrument made under this Act for the time being in force; “ representation ” includes— (
a)any oral, written, visual, descriptive or other representation by a trader, including any commercial communication, marketing or advertising, and (
b)any term or form of a contract, notice or other document used or relied on by a trader in connection with a consumer transaction; “ services ” means any service or facility provided for gain or reward or otherwise than free of charge, including, without limitation— (
a)services or facilities for— (
i)banking, insurance, grants, loans, credit or financing, (
ii)amusement, cultural activities, entertainment, instruction, recreation or refreshment, (iii) accommodation, transport, travel, parking or storage, or (
iv)the care of persons, animals or things, (
b)membership in a club or organisation or any service or facility provided by the club or organisation, and (
c)any rights, benefits, privileges, obligations or facilities that are, or are to be provided, granted or conferred in the course of services, but does not include services provided under a contract of employment; “ supply ”, in relation to the supply of goods or services to a consumer, includes— (
a)sell, lease, take by way of mortgage or other security, assign, award by chance or otherwise effect a disposition of, (
b)offer or agree to supply or expose or display for supply; “ trader ” means— (
a)a person who is acting for purposes related to the person’s trade, business or profession, and (
b)a person acting on behalf of a person referred to in paragraph (a); “ transactional decision ” means, in relation to a consumer transaction, any decision by the consumer concerning whether, how or on what terms to do, or refrain from doing, any of the following: (
a)purchase the product; (
b)make payment in whole or in part for the product; (
c)retain or return the product after its purchase; (
d)dispose of the product; (
e)exercise a contractual right in relation to the product; “ voluntary body ” means— (
a)a body corporate, or (
b)an unincorporated body of persons, other than a public body.

(2)In this Act, “the average consumer ” has the meaning assigned to it in the Directive, and when applied in relation to a particular commercial practice or product of a trader— (

a)if the commercial practice or product is directed at a particular group of consumers, the expression shall be read as “the average member of that group”, and (
b)if the commercial practice or the product is a practice or product that would be likely to materially distort the economic behaviour only of a clearly identifiable group of consumers whom the trader could reasonably be expected to foresee as being particularly vulnerable because of their mental or physical infirmity, age or credulity, the expression shall be read as “the average member of that vulnerable group”.

(3)A word or expression that is used in this Act and is also used in the Directive shall have in this Act the same meaning as it has in the Directive.

(4)A court shall construe this Act in a manner that gives effect to the Directive, and for this purpose the court shall have regard to the provisions of the Directive, including its preambles.

(5)Notwithstanding Article 3

(10)of the Directive but subject to sections 5 to 6A (inserted by section 99 ) of the Hallmarking Act 1981 , Part 3 applies to commercial practices relating to indications of the standard of fineness of articles of precious metal. Regulations. 3.—

(1)The Minister may make regulations in relation to any matter referred to in this Act as prescribed or to be prescribed.

(2)Every regulation or order (other than an order under section 1 or 6 ) made under this Act shall be laid before each House of the Oireachtas as soon as may be after it is made and, if a resolution annulling the regulation or order is passed by either such House within the next 21 days on which that House has sat after the regulation or order is laid before it, the regulation or order shall be annulled accordingly, but without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under it.

(3)The power to make regulations under this section includes the power to make provision in such regulations to give effect to— (

a)a provision of the treaties of the European Communities, or (
b)an act adopted by an institution of those Communities which regulates any of the matters to which this Act applies. Repeals. 4.—

(1)Each enactment specified in Schedule 2 is repealed to the extent specified in column

(3)of that Schedule.

(2)Section 20

(5)(b) of the National Standards Authority of Ireland Act 1996 is amended by deleting “the Merchandise Marks Acts 1887 to 1978, and”.

(3)The following are revoked: (

a)the Prices (Stabilisation of Profit Margins of Retailers of Motor Cars) Order 1984 ( S.I. No. 223 of 1984 ); (
b)the Consumer Information (Diesel and Petrol) (Reduction in Retail Price) Order 1997 ( S.I. No. 179 of 1997 ). Expenses. 5.— The expenses incurred by the Minister in the administration of this Act shall, to such extent as may be sanctioned by the Minister for Finance, be paid out of monies provided by the Oireachtas. PART 2 National Consumer Agency Chapter 1 The Agency Establishment day. 6.— The Minister shall by order appoint a day to be the establishment day for the purposes of this Act. Establishment of Agency. 7.—

(1)On the establishment day there shall stand established a body to be known as an Ghníomhaireacht Náisiúnta Tomhaltóirí or, in the English language, the National Consumer Agency and in this Act referred to as the Agency, to perform the functions conferred on it by this Act.

(2)The Agency shall be a body corporate with perpetual succession and an official seal and shall have power— (

a)to sue, and may be sued, in its corporate name, (
b)to acquire, hold and dispose of land or an interest in land, with the approval of the Minister given with the consent of the Minister for Finance, and (
c)to acquire, hold and dispose of any other property, with the approval of the Minister given with the consent of the Minister for Finance.

(3)Subject to this Act, the Agency shall be independent in the performance of its functions. Functions of Agency. 8.—

(1)The functions of the Agency are— (

a)to promote and protect the interests and welfare of consumers, (
b)to enforce the relevant statutory provisions, including by the prosecution of offences, by way of summary proceedings, (
c)to encourage compliance with the relevant statutory provisions, (
d)to investigate instances of suspected offences under any of the relevant statutory provisions, (
e)at its discretion, to refer cases to the Director of Public Prosecutions where the Agency has reasonable grounds for believing that an indictable offence under any of the relevant statutory provisions has been committed.

(2)This section and the other provisions of this Part are without prejudice to section 94 (respecting the concurrent vesting in the Central Bank and Financial Services Authority of Ireland of certain functions under this Act).

(3)Without prejudice to the generality of subsection

(1), in performing its functions under this Act, the Agency— (

a)may, and shall when requested by the Minister, advise and, as appropriate, make recommendations to the Government, the Minister, any other Minister of the Government or any Minister of State, in relation to any proposals for legislative change, or any other policy matters, concerning, or which would be likely to impact on, consumer protection and welfare, (
b)may, and shall when requested by the Minister, and after consultation with such persons as it considers appropriate having regard to the proposals to be submitted, submit to the Minister, any other Minister of the Government or any Minister of State any proposals it considers appropriate for amendment of any enactment, or for new enactments, concerning consumer protection and welfare, (
c)shall advise and, as appropriate, make recommendations to the Government, the Minister, any other Minister of the Government, any Minister of State, any public body or any prescribed body within the meaning of section 21 in relation to any matter concerning, or which the Agency considers would be likely to impact on, consumer protection and welfare, (
d)shall foster and promote contacts, co-operation and the exchange of information with and shall consult with consumer groups and representatives, (
e)shall co-operate with other competent authorities whether in the State or elsewhere charged with responsibility for the enforcement of laws relating to consumer protection and welfare or the promotion of consumer protection and welfare, (
f)shall promote the development of alternative dispute resolution procedures as a means of resolving disputes arising out of consumer transactions, (
g)shall conduct or commission research, studies and analysis on matters relating to the functions of the Agency and, as it considers appropriate, publish in the form and manner that the Agency thinks fit, such findings as it considers appropriate, (
h)shall promote public awareness and conduct public information campaigns for the purpose of educating and advising consumers in relation to consumer protection and welfare, (
i)shall promote educational initiatives and activities relating to consumer information and awareness and advise, when requested, the Minister or any other Minister of the Government, Departments of State or any public body whose activities are concerned with matters relating to any of the purposes of this Act, and any educational or training institution, (
j)for the purposes of performing its functions under paragraphs (
g)to (i), may, through the provision of financial or other resources, support the activities relating to consumer protection and welfare of such voluntary bodies as the Agency considers appropriate, (
k)shall review and approve codes of practice in accordance with section 88 , (
l)shall prepare and publish guidelines to traders in accordance with section 90 , (
m)shall promote and encourage the establishment by a trader or traders, whether generally or in respect of a particular service or services, of quality assurance schemes, that is to say schemes the purpose of which is— (
i)to maintain and improve the quality and reliability of the service or services provided to consumers, and (
ii)to enable consumers to identify traders who meet the requirements of the scheme concerned, (
n)shall perform the functions assigned to the Director under the existing enactments and transferred to the Agency pursuant to section 37 .

(4)The Agency shall have all such powers as are necessary or expedient for the performance of its functions.

(5)The Agency may delegate the performance of any of its functions to any member of the Agency or to any member of its staff, including the chief executive, duly authorised in that behalf by the Agency.

(6)Nothing in this section or any other provision of this Act imposes a duty on the Agency to consider whether to investigate a matter relating to Part 3 that is referred to it by a trader but the Agency may, in the case of a matter so referred to it, consider whether to do so (and, accordingly, may proceed to investigate the matter) where it is satisfied the matter may affect the interests and welfare of consumers. Review of legislation. 9.—

(1)The Minister may consult the Agency regarding proposals for legislation relating to consumer protection and welfare.

(2)The Agency shall— (

a)keep under review the relevant statutory provisions, (
b)submit, from time to time, to the Minister or such other Minister of the Government having responsibility for any other statutory provisions relating to, or which impact on, consumer protection and welfare any proposals that it considers appropriate relating to any of the relevant statutory provisions or any other statutory provisions or for making or revoking any instruments under those provisions, (
c)undertake such reviews of the relevant statutory provisions as the Minister may direct, and (
d)assist in the preparation of such draft legislation as the Minister may direct.

(3)Before submitting proposals to the Minister or any other Minister of the Government, as the case may be, the Agency shall consult any other person who, it appears to the Agency, is appropriate in the circumstances to be consulted or whom the Minister or the other Minister of the Government, as the case may be, directs is to be consulted. Membership of Agency. 10.—

(1)The Agency shall consist of the following members: (

a)a chairperson; and (
b)12 ordinary members.

(2)The chief executive shall, for the duration of his or her appointment, be an ex officio member of the Agency.

(3)The members of the Agency (other than the chief executive) shall, as soon as practicable after the establishment day, be appointed by the Minister, and shall be persons who, in the opinion of the Minister, have experience of or shown capacity in matters relevant to the functions of the Agency.

(4)The Minister shall, in so far as is practicable and having regard to the relevant experience of the persons concerned, ensure an equitable balance between men and women in the composition of the Agency.

(5)A member of the Agency shall be paid by the Agency, out of monies at its disposal, such remuneration (if any) and allowances for expenses incurred by him or her as the Minister, with the consent of the Minister for Finance, may from time to time determine.

(6)Subject to subsection

(5), a member of the Agency shall hold office on such terms and conditions as the Minister may determine.

(7)On the anniversary of the establishment day and on each subsequent anniversary of the establishment day, 2 members of the Agency (other than the chairperson and the chief executive) shall retire from office.

(8)The members to retire under subsection

(7)in any year shall be those who have been longest in office since their last appointment, and where there are members whose appointment was made on the same day and who are obliged to retire under subsection

(7), the members to retire shall, unless those members otherwise agree, be determined by lot.

(9)A member of the Agency (other than the chief executive) shall not serve for more than 10 consecutive years.

(10)A person shall be disqualified for holding and shall cease to hold office as a member of the Agency if he or she— (

a)is adjudicated bankrupt, (
b)makes a composition or arrangement with his or her creditors, (
c)is convicted of an indictable offence in relation to a company, (
d)is convicted of an offence involving fraud or dishonesty, whether or not in connection with a company, (
e)has a declaration under section 150 of the Companies Act 1990 made against him or her or is subject or is deemed to be subject to a disqualification order by virtue of Part VII of that Act, or (
f)has a conflict of interest of such significance that, in the opinion of the Minister requires that he or she should not hold or should cease to hold such office.

(11)A member of the Agency may at any time resign from office by letter addressed to the Minister and the resignation shall take effect on the date specified in the letter or the date the letter is received by the Minister whichever is later.

(12)The Minister may at any time remove a member of the Agency from office if, in the Minister’s opinion— (

a)the member has become incapable through ill-health of effectively performing the duties of the office, (
b)the member has committed stated misbehaviour, or (
c)the removal appears to the Minister to be necessary for the effective performance of the functions of the Agency.

(13)Subject to subsection

(9), a member of the Agency whose period of membership expires by the passage of time shall be eligible for re-appointment as a member of the Agency.

(14)Subject to section 12

(3), the Agency may act notwithstanding any vacancy or vacancies in its membership.

(15)If a member of the Agency dies, resigns, retires, becomes disqualified or otherwise ceases to hold office or is removed from office, the Minister may appoint a person to be a member of the Agency to fill the vacancy so occasioned and the person so appointed shall be appointed in the same manner as the member who occasioned the vacancy.

(16)Where a vacancy occurs, the Minister shall take steps to fill it as soon as practicable. Chairperson of Agency. 11.—

(1)The Minister shall designate a member of the Agency as chairperson.

(2)The term of office of the chairperson of the Agency shall be 5 years.

(3)Where the chairperson of the Agency ceases during his or her term of office as chairperson to be a member of the Agency, he or she shall also then cease to be chairperson of the Agency.

(4)The chairperson of the Agency may at any time resign his or her office as chairperson by letter sent to the Minister, and the resignation shall, unless it is previously withdrawn in writing, take effect at the commencement of the meeting of the Agency held next after the Agency has been informed by the Minister of the resignation.

(5)The chairperson of the Agency shall, unless he or she sooner dies or otherwise ceases to be chairperson by virtue of subsection

(3)or

(4), hold office until the expiration of his or her period of membership of the Agency and, if he or she is re-appointed as a member of the Agency, he or she shall be eligible for re-appointment as chairperson of the Agency. Meetings and procedures of Agency. 12.—

(1)The Agency shall hold such and as many meetings as may be necessary for the performance of its functions.

(2)The Minister may, in consultation with the chairperson of the Agency, fix the date, time and place of the first meeting of the Agency.

(3)The quorum for a meeting of the Agency shall be 5.

(4)At a meeting of the Agency— (

a)the chairperson of the Agency shall, if present, be the chairperson of the meeting, and (
b)if and so long as the chairperson of the Agency is not present or if the office of chairperson is vacant, the members of the Agency who are present shall choose one of their number to be the chairperson of the meeting.

(5)Each member of the Agency (including the chairperson of the meeting concerned) present at a meeting shall have a vote.

(6)At a meeting of the Agency, a question on which a vote is required shall be determined by a majority of votes of the members of the Agency present and voting on the question and, in the case of an equal division of votes, the chairperson of the meeting shall have a second or casting vote.

(7)Subject to this Act, the Agency shall regulate, by standing orders or otherwise, the procedure and business of the Agency. Committees. 13.—

(1)The Agency may establish committees— (

a)to assist and advise the Agency on matters relating to any of its functions or on such matters as the Agency may from time to time determine, or (
b)to perform such functions of the Agency as may be delegated by it from time to time.

(2)A committee shall consist of a chairperson and such number of other members as the Agency may determine and may include persons who are not members of the Agency or of its staff.

(3)The chairperson and other members of a committee shall be appointed by the Agency.

(4)The Agency, when appointing a member of a committee, shall— (

a)have regard to the range of qualifications and experience necessary for the proper and effective discharge of the functions of the committee, (
b)have regard to the desirability of an equitable balance between men and women in the composition of the committee, (
c)fix the member’s period of membership, and (
d)fix the terms of his or her membership.

(5)The members of a committee may be paid by the Agency such fees as the Agency may determine, subject to the consent of the Minister and the Minister for Finance.

(6)A member of a committee may be removed at any time from membership of the committee by the Agency.

(7)The Agency may at any time dissolve a committee.

(8)The Agency may regulate the procedure and business of a committee but, subject to any such regulation, a committee may regulate its own procedure and business.

(9)A committee may act notwithstanding a vacancy or vacancies in its membership. Chief executive. 14.—

(1)There shall be a chief executive officer of the Agency who shall be known, and is referred to in this Act, as the chief executive.

(2)The chief executive shall, subject to subsection

(3), be appointed by the Agency with the approval of the Minister and may, with the approval of the Minister, be removed from office for stated reasons by the Agency.

(3)Where a competition to appoint a chief executive is held prior to the establishment day the successful candidate may be appointed by the Minister as the chief executive designate of the Agency.

(4)The chief executive— (

a)shall hold office under a written contract of service (which contract may be renewed) for such period, not being more than 5 years, as is specified in the contract, subject to such terms and conditions (including terms and conditions relating to remuneration, allowances for expenses and superannuation) as are so specified, being terms and conditions which are determined from time to time by the Agency with the approval of the Minister given with the consent of the Minister for Finance, and (
b)shall be paid out of monies at the disposal of the Agency.

(5)The chief executive shall not hold any other office or occupy any other position in respect of which emoluments are payable, or carry on any business, without the consent of the Agency and the approval of the Minister.

(6)The chief executive is subject to the control of the members of the Agency and, except as regards voting at meetings of the Agency, is required to comply with any lawful directions given by those members with respect to the carrying out of the chief executive’s functions.

(7)The person who, immediately before the establishment day, holds the position of chief executive designate of the Agency shall, on the establishment day, become the chief executive and shall hold such office until such time as the Agency appoints a chief executive under subsection

(2).

(8)A person who was the chief executive shall not, for a period of 12 months following his or her resignation, removal or retirement from office, hold any other office or employment or act as a consultant where he or she is likely to use or disclose information acquired by him or her in the performance of his or her functions as chief executive.

(9)Notwithstanding subsection

(8), a person who was the chief executive shall not be precluded from— (

a)holding any office or employment in the Civil Service or any public body, or (
b)acting as a consultant to the Agency, the Minister or any other Minister of the Government, during the period referred to in that subsection. Functions of chief executive. 15.—

(1)The chief executive shall carry on, manage and control generally the staff, administration and business of the Agency and shall perform such other functions as may be conferred on him or her by or under this Act or as may be determined by the Agency.

(2)The chief executive may do all such acts or things as are necessary or expedient for the purposes of the exercise of his or her functions under this Act.

(3)The chief executive shall advise the Agency in relation to the performance of the functions of the Agency and shall make any proper proposals to the Agency on any matter relating to the activities of the Agency.

(4)The chief executive shall be responsible to the Agency for the performance of his or her functions and the implementation of the Agency’s policies.

(5)The chief executive shall provide the Agency with such information, including financial information, in relation to the performance of his or her functions as the Agency may require.

(6)Subject to subsection

(7), the chief executive may perform such of his or her functions as he or she may deem proper through or by any member of staff of the Agency duly authorised by the chief executive in that behalf.

(7)(

a)The functions of the chief executive may be performed in his or her absence or when the position of chief executive is vacant by such member of the staff of the Agency as may from time to time be designated for that purpose by the Agency. (
b)A member of staff of the Agency designated under paragraph (
a)shall have all the powers, rights and duties conferred on the chief executive by this Act and each reference in this Act to the chief executive shall be deemed to include a reference to such member of staff. Attendance of chief executive before Committee of Public Accounts. 16.—

(1)The chief executive shall, whenever he or she is so required by the committee of Dáil Éireann established under the Standing Orders of Dáil Éireann to examine and report to Dáil Éireann on the appropriation accounts and reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General, give evidence to that committee on— (

a)the regularity and propriety of the transactions recorded or required to be recorded in any book or other record of account subject to audit by the Comptroller and Auditor General which the Agency is required by or under statute to keep, (
b)the economy and efficiency of the Agency in the use of its resources, (
c)the systems, procedures and practices employed by the Agency for the purpose of evaluating the effectiveness of its operations, and (
d)any matter affecting the Agency referred to in a special report of the Comptroller and Auditor General under section 11

(2)of the Comptroller and Auditor General (Amendment) Act 1993 or in any other report of the Comptroller and Auditor General (in so far as it relates to a matter specified in paragraph (a), (b) or (c)) that is laid before Dáil Éireann.

(2)In the performance of his or her duties under subsection

(1), the chief executive shall not question or express an opinion on the merits of any policy of the Government or a Minister of the Government or on the merits of the objectives of such a policy. Attendance of chief executive before other Oireachtas Committees. 17.— The chief executive shall, whenever required to do so by— (

a)a committee appointed by either House of the Oireachtas, the business of which committee includes examination of policy relating to consumer protection and welfare, or (
b)a committee appointed jointly by both Houses of the Oireachtas, the business of which committee includes examination of such policy, attend before such committee to discuss the general activities of the Agency. Membership of either House of the Oireachtas, European Parliament or local authority. 18.—

(1)Where a member of the Agency, the chief executive or a member of the staff of the Agency is— (

a)nominated as a member of Seanad Éireann, or (
b)elected as a member of either House of the Oireachtas or to be a member of the European Parliament, or (
c)regarded pursuant to section 19 of the European Parliament Elections Act 1997 as having been elected to that Parliament, or (
d)elected or co-opted as a member of a local authority, he or she shall thereupon— (
i)in the case of a member of the Agency or the chief executive, cease to be a member of the Agency or the chief executive, as the case may be, and (
ii)in the case of a member of the staff of the Agency, stand seconded from employment by the Agency and shall not be paid by, or entitled to receive from, the Agency any remuneration or allowances for expenses in respect of the period commencing on such nomination or election, or when he or she is so regarded as having been elected or on such election or co-option, as the case may be, and ending when he or she ceases to be a member of such House, a representative of such Parliament or a member of a local authority.

(2)Without prejudice to the generality of subsection

(1), that subsection shall be read as prohibiting the reckoning of a period therein mentioned as service with the Agency for the purposes of any superannuation benefits payable under section 36 or otherwise.

(3)A person who is for the time being— (

a)entitled under the Standing Orders of either House of the Oireachtas to sit therein, (
b)a member of the European Parliament, or (
c)entitled under the standing orders of a local authority to sit as a member thereof, shall, while he or she is so entitled or is such a member, be disqualified from becoming a member of the Agency, the chief executive or a member of the staff of the Agency.

(4)In this section “ local authority” means a local authority for the purposes of the Local Government Act 2001 . Indemnity for members of Agency. 19.—

(1)Where the Agency is satisfied that a person to whom this section applies has discharged his or her duties in pursuance of the functions of the Agency in good faith, the Agency may, in the manner and to the extent and subject to the terms and conditions that the Agency may determine from time to time in consultation with the Minister, indemnify that person against all actions or claims however they arise in respect of the discharge by him or her of his or her duties.

(2)This section applies to— (

a)a member of the Agency, (
b)a member of a committee, (
c)a member of staff of the Agency, including the chief executive, (
d)a person whose services are provided to the Agency under section 26 , and (
e)an authorised officer. Strategy statement and work programme of Agency. 20.—

(1)As soon as practicable after the establishment day, and thereafter at least 3 months before each third anniversary of the establishment day, the Agency shall prepare and submit to the Minister a strategy statement for the following 3 year period.

(2)A strategy statement shall— (

a)specify the key objectives, outputs and related strategies (including the use of resources) of the Agency, (
b)have regard to the need to ensure the most beneficial, effective and efficient use of the Agency’s resources, (
c)except for the first strategy statement, include a review of the outcomes and effectiveness of the preceding strategy statement, (
d)specify the manner in which the Agency proposes to assess its performance in respect of the objectives referred to in paragraph (a), taking account of relevant performance indicators (financial and non-financial), (
e)be prepared in the form and manner that the Minister may from time to time direct, and (
f)include any other matters that the Minister may from time to time direct.

(3)When preparing the strategy statement, the Agency may consult such persons as it considers appropriate.

(4)As soon as practicable after a strategy statement has been submitted to the Minister under subsection

(1), the Minister shall cause a copy of the strategy statement to be laid before each House of the Oireachtas and the strategy statement shall be published in the form and manner that the Agency considers appropriate.

(5)The Agency shall prepare and submit to the Minister, at least 2 months before the commencement of each financial year, a work programme relating to the discharge of its functions, including— (

a)having regard to the strategy statement, the objectives of the Agency for that year and its strategy for achieving those objectives, (
b)the priorities of the Agency for that year, having regard to those objectives and its available resources, and (
c)any other matters that the Minister may from time to time specify when issuing directions or guidelines under subsection

(6).

(6)The Minister may, from time to time, issue directions or guidelines to the Agency concerning the preparation of the work programme and the Agency shall comply with those directions and prepare the work programme in accordance with those guidelines. Provision for co-operation between Agency and certain prescribed bodies. 21.—

(1)As soon as practicable after the commencement of this section, there shall be entered into between the Agency and every one of the prescribed bodies one or more agreements for the purposes of— (

a)facilitating co-operation between the Agency and the prescribed bodies in the performance of their respective functions in so far as they relate to issues of consumer protection and welfare, (
b)avoiding duplication of activities by the Agency and any of the prescribed bodies, (
c)enabling the Agency to be consulted in relation to any decisions by prescribed bodies which affect consumers, (
d)where appropriate, conducting joint studies or analysis of matters relating to consumer protection or issues of concern to consumers, and each such agreement that is entered into is referred to in this section as a “co-operation agreement”.

(2)It shall not be necessary for the purposes of subsection

(1)that the same prescribed bodies be party to each agreement entered into with the Agency in pursuance of that subsection.

(3)A co-operation agreement shall include provisions— (

a)enabling each party to furnish to another party information in its possession if the information is required by that other party for the purpose of the performance by it of any of its functions, (
b)enabling each party to forbear to perform any of its functions in relation to a matter in circumstances where it is satisfied that another party is performing functions in relation to that matter, (
c)requiring each party to consult with any other party before performing any functions in circumstances where the respective exercise by each party of the functions concerned involves the determination of issues of consumer protection and welfare that are identical to one another or are within the same category of such an issue, being a category specified in the co-operation agreement, and (
d)ensuring that no person is the subject of— (
i)proceedings (whether civil or criminal) under this Act or any other enactment, or (
ii)the exercise of any power under section 73 or 75 , in respect of an alleged contravention of a provision of this Act or any other enactment, by more than one of the parties.

(4)A co-operation agreement may be varied by the parties concerned.

(5)The Minister and, where relevant, the Minister or Ministers of the Government with responsibility for the prescribed body concerned shall each be furnished by the Agency with a copy of every co-operation agreement (including any variation of the agreement) that has been made within 1 month after the agreement (or the variation of it) has been made.

(6)A co-operation agreement, or any variation made to it, shall be in writing and, as soon as practicable after the agreement or variation has been made and furnished to the Minister or Ministers of the Government with responsibility for the prescribed body concerned, notice of its making shall be published by the parties in such manner as they think fit.

(7)Such a notice shall state that a copy of the agreement concerned (including the agreement as varied) may be inspected at such place, or by such means as is specified in the notice and that a copy of the agreement may be purchased from the parties in such manner as is so specified (and a copy of the agreement shall, accordingly, be made available for such inspection and be made available for such purchase (at a cost not exceeding the reasonable cost of making a copy or, where appropriate, such cost and the amount of any postage involved)).

(8)Without prejudice to subsection

(9), nothing in any enactment shall be read as preventing the provisions of a co-operation agreement from having effect in accordance with their terms.

(9)If information is furnished by one party to another party pursuant to a provision of a co-operation agreement of the kind referred to in subsection

(3)(a), the provisions of any enactment concerning the disclosure of that information by the first-mentioned party shall apply to the second-mentioned party with respect to that information.

(10)A failure by the Agency or a prescribed body to comply with a provision of a co-operation agreement shall not invalidate the exercise by it of any power.

(11)(

a)In this section “ prescribed body” means each of the following: (
i)the Irish Financial Services Regulatory Authority; (
ii)a body prescribed by the Minister. (
b)Before prescribing a body for which another Minister of the Government has responsibility, the Minister shall consult with that other Minister of the Government. (
c)In prescribing a body for the purposes of this section the Minister shall have regard to its functions and activities in so far as those functions and activities relate to consumer protection and welfare.

(12)In this section “ party ” means a party to a co-operation agreement and a reference to another party (whether that expression or the expression “the other party” is used) shall, where there are 2 or more other parties to the agreement, be construed as a reference to one or more of those other parties or each of them, as appropriate. Reports and information to Minister. 22.—

(1)The Agency shall, as soon as practicable, but not later than 6 months, after the end of each financial year make a report in writing to the Minister (in this section referred to as the “annual report”) of its activities during that year, and, before the annual report is published, the Minister shall as soon as practicable after receipt by him or her of the annual report cause copies of the annual report to be laid before each House of the Oireachtas.

(2)An annual report shall include information in such form and regarding such matters as the Minister may direct.

(3)The Agency may, from time to time, make such other reports to the Minister relating to its functions as it considers appropriate or as the Minister may require.

(4)In addition to the information provided by the Agency in its annual report and in reports made pursuant to subsection

(3), the Agency shall provide the Minister with such information in relation to the performance of its functions, or with advice on any matter relating to those functions, or both as the Minister may from time to time request. Accounts and audits. 23.—

(1)The Agency shall submit estimates of income and expenditure to the Minister in such form, in respect of such periods and at such times as may be required by the Minister and shall furnish to the Minister any information which the Minister may require in relation to those estimates, including proposals and future plans relating to the performance by the Agency of its functions over a specified period of years.

(2)The Agency shall keep in such form as may be approved by the Minister with the consent of the Minister for Finance all proper and usual books or other records of account of— (

a)all monies received or expended by the Agency, and (
b)all property, assets and liabilities of the Agency, including an income and expenditure account and a balance sheet and, in particular, shall keep such special accounts (if any) as the Minister may from time to time direct.

(3)The chief executive and the other officers of the Agency shall, whenever so requested by the Minister, permit any person appointed by the Minister to examine the books or other records of account of the Agency in respect of any financial year or other period and shall facilitate any such examination, and the Agency shall pay such fee as may be fixed by the Minister.

(4)Accounts kept in pursuance of this section, signed by the chief executive, shall be submitted by the Agency to the Comptroller and Auditor General for audit as soon as practicable, but not later than 3 months, after the end of the financial year to which the accounts relate.

(5)When so audited, a copy of the accounts together with a copy of the report of the Comptroller and Auditor General thereon shall be presented by the Agency to the Minister who shall, as soon as practicable but not later than 3 months thereafter, cause copies of them to be laid before each House of the Oireachtas. Advances by Minister to Agency. 24.— The Minister may from time to time advance to the Agency out of monies provided by the Oireachtas such amount or amounts as the Minister may, with the consent of the Minister for Finance, determine for the purposes of expenditure by the Agency in the performance of its functions under any of the relevant statutory provisions. Disclosure of interests. 25.—

(1)Where the chief executive, a member of the Agency or of a committee, a member of the staff of the Agency, an authorised officer or a consultant, adviser or other person engaged by the Agency has a pecuniary interest or other beneficial interest in, or material to, any matter which is to be considered by the Agency, he or she shall— (

a)disclose to the Agency the nature of the interest in advance of any consideration of the matter, (
b)neither influence nor seek to influence a decision relating to the matter, (
c)take no part in any consideration of the matter, (
d)if he or she is the chief executive or a member of the Agency or of a committee or a member of the staff of the Agency, withdraw from the meeting for so long as the matter is being discussed or considered and neither vote nor otherwise act as such chief executive or member in relation to the matter.

(2)For the purposes of this section, but without prejudice to the generality of subsection

(1), a person shall be regarded as having a beneficial interest if in each of the following cases: (

a)the person, any connected relative of the person or a nominee of either of them is a member of a company or any other body which has a beneficial interest in, or material to, any matter referred to in that subsection; (
b)the person or any connected relative of the person is in partnership with or is in the employment of a person who has a beneficial interest in, or material to, any such matter; (
c)the person or any connected relative of the person is a party to any arrangement or agreement (whether or not enforceable) concerning land to which any such matter relates; (
d)any connected relative has a beneficial interest in, or material to, any such matter.

(3)For the purposes of this section a person shall not be regarded as having a beneficial interest in, or material to, any matter by reason only that he or she or any company or other person or any other body mentioned in subsection

(2)has an interest which is so remote or insignificant that it cannot reasonably be regarded as likely to influence a person in considering or discussing, or in voting on, any question in respect of the matter or in performing any function in relation to that matter.

(4)The Agency shall determine any question as to whether a course of conduct, if pursued by a person, would be a failure by him or her to comply with subsection

(1), and particulars of the determination shall be recorded in the minutes of the meeting at which the determination is made.

(5)If a disclosure is made under subsection

(1)at a meeting of the Agency, particulars of the disclosure shall be recorded in the minutes of the meeting concerned, and for so long as the matter to which the disclosure relates is being dealt with by the meeting, the person by whom the disclosure is made shall not be counted in the quorum for the meeting.

(6)Where the Minister is satisfied that a member of the Agency has contravened subsection

(1), the Minister may, if he or she thinks fit, remove that member from office and, where a person is removed from office pursuant to this subsection, the person shall thenceforth be disqualified from being a member of the Agency.

(7)Where a person other than a person to whom subsection

(6)applies contravenes subsection

(1), the Agency, in consultation with the Minister, shall decide the appropriate action to be taken in relation to the person, including the termination of a contract of service or a contract for services with the person.

(8)In this section “ connected relative”, in relation to a person, means a spouse, partner, parent, brother, sister, child or the spouse of a child of the person. Power to enter into contracts and to engage consultants and advisers. 26.— The Agency may from time to time as it considers necessary for the performance of its functions for such period and subject to such terms and conditions as the Agency considers appropriate— (

a)enter into contracts with persons, and (
b)engage consultants or advisers, and any sums thereby payable by the Agency to such persons, consultants or advisers shall be paid by the Agency out of monies at its disposal. Premises of Agency. 27.— The Agency may, for the purposes of providing premises necessary for the performance of its functions, lease, equip and maintain offices and premises subject to the consent of the Minister and the Minister for Finance. Seal of Agency. 28.—

(1)The Agency shall, as soon as may be after the establishment day, provide itself with a seal.

(2)The seal of the Agency shall be authenticated by the signature of— (

a)the chairperson of the Agency or another member of the Agency authorised in that behalf by it, or (
b)the chief executive or any other member of the staff of the Agency authorised in that behalf by it.

(3)Judicial notice shall be taken of the seal of the Agency and an instrument purporting to be an instrument made by the Agency and to be sealed with its seal (purporting to be authenticated in accordance with subsection

(2)) shall be received in evidence and shall be deemed to be such instrument without further proof unless the contrary is shown.

(4)Any contract or instrument which, if entered into or executed by a person not being a body corporate, would not require to be under seal may be entered into or executed on behalf of the Agency by any person generally or specially authorised in that behalf by the Agency. Power to borrow. 29.— The Agency may borrow money (including money in a currency other than the currency of the State) for the purpose of performing any of the functions of the Agency, subject to the consent of the Minister and the Minister for Finance and any conditions they may determine. Authorised officers of Agency. 30.—

(1)The Agency may appoint in writing such and so many persons, including members of the staff of the Agency, to be authorised officers for the purposes of all or any of the relevant statutory provisions and such appointment may be specified to be for a fixed period.

(2)An authorised officer under section 16 of the Consumer Information Act 1978 holding office immediately before the commencement of section 37 shall continue in office as if appointed under subsection

(1).

(3)Every authorised officer appointed under this section shall be furnished with a warrant of appointment and shall, when exercising any power conferred on him or her by this section, if requested by a person affected, produce the warrant of appointment or copy of it to that person.

(4)An appointment under this section as an authorised officer shall cease— (

a)if the Agency revokes the appointment, (
b)if the appointment is for a fixed period, on the expiry of that period, or (
c)if the person appointed ceases to be a member of staff of the Agency.

(5)An authorised officer may, for the purpose of obtaining any information which may be required in relation to a matter under investigation under any of the relevant statutory provisions— (

a)at all reasonable times enter any premises on, at or in which there are reasonable grounds to believe that any trade or business or any activity in connection with a trade or business is being, or has been, carried on, or that records in relation to that trade, business or activity are kept, and search and inspect the premises and any records that are on, at or in that premises, (
b)secure for later inspection any, or any part of any, premises on, at or in which such records are kept or there are reasonable grounds for believing that such records are kept, (
c)require any person who carries on such trade, business or activity or any person employed in respect of such trade, business or activity to produce to the authorised officer such records and where such records are kept in a non-legible form to reproduce them in a legible form or to give to him or her any information as the authorised officer may reasonably require in relation to such records, (
d)inspect and take copies of or extracts from any such records on, at or in the premises, including in the case of information in a non-legible form, copies of or extracts from such information in a permanent legible form, (
e)remove and retain such records for such periods as may be reasonable for further examination, subject to a warrant being issued for that purpose by a judge of the District Court, (
f)require any such person to give to the authorised officer any information which the authorised officer may reasonably require in regard to such trade, business or activity or in respect of the persons carrying on such trade, business or activity or employed in connection with such trade, business or activity, (
g)require any such person to give to the authorised officer any other information which the authorised officer may reasonably require in respect of such trade, business or activity, (
h)require any person by or on whose behalf data equipment is or has been used or any person having charge of, or otherwise concerned with the operation of, the data equipment or any associated apparatus or material, to afford the authorised officer all reasonable assistance in relation to it and assist in the retrieval of information connected with the operation of such data equipment, apparatus or material, (
i)summon, at any reasonable time, any other person employed in connection with such trade, business or activity to give to the authorised officer any information which the authorised officer may reasonably require in relation to such trade, business or activity and to produce to the authorised officer any records which are in the control of that other person.

(6)An authorised officer may, for the purpose of obtaining any information which may be required in relation to a matter under investigation under the relevant statutory provisions, at all reasonable times enter any premises, at which there are reasonable grounds to believe that any trade or business or any activity in connection with a trade or business is, or has been, carried on and inspect any goods on the premises and may— (a) on paying or making tender of payment therefor, take any of the goods, or (b) confirm by such other method as appropriate the price at which the goods are on offer or any other information relating to the goods for the purpose of an investigation.

(7)An authorised officer shall not, other than with the consent of the occupier, enter a private dwelling unless he or she has obtained a warrant from the District Court under subsection

(10)authorising such entry.

(8)Where an authorised officer in the exercise of his or her powers under this section is prevented from entering any premises an application may be made under subsection

(10)authorising such entry.

(9)An authorised officer appointed under this section, when exercising any powers conferred on an authorised officer by this Act, may be accompanied by such other authorised officers or members of the Garda Síochána or both as he or she considers necessary.

(10)Without prejudice to the powers conferred on an authorised officer by or under any provision of this section, if a judge of the District Court is satisfied on the sworn information of an authorised officer that there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that there is information required by an authorised officer under this section held on or at any, or any part of any, premises, the judge may issue a warrant authorising an authorised officer (accompanied by such other authorised officers or members of the Garda Síochána or both as provided for in subsection

(9)) at any time or times within one month from the date of issue of the warrant, on production if so requested of the warrant, to enter the premises, using reasonable force where necessary, and exercise all or any of the powers conferred on an authorised officer under this section.

(11)A person who falsely represents himself or herself as an authorised officer commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to the fines and penalties provided in Chapter 4 of Part 5 .

(12)A person who— (

a)obstructs or impedes an authorised officer in the exercise of a power under this section, (
b)without reasonable excuse, does not comply with a request or requirement of an authorised officer under this section, or (
c)in purported compliance with such a requirement gives information that is false or misleading in a material respect, commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to the fines and penalties provided in Chapter 4 of Part 5 .

(13)Where the Agency or an authorised officer proposes to retain, pursuant to this section, books, documents or records for a period longer than 14 days after the date on which they were seized or obtained by the authorised officer, the Agency or that officer shall, before the expiry of that period of 14 days, or such longer period with the consent of the person hereafter mentioned, furnish, on request, a copy of the books, documents or records to the person who it appears to the Agency or officer is, but for the exercise of the powers under this section, entitled to possession of them.

(14)Where an advertisement in relation to the supply or provision of any product is published and does not include the name and address of the person who procured such publication or his or her agent, the publisher of the advertisement shall, if the Agency or an authorised officer so requests within 12 months of the publication of the advertisement, give to the Agency or the authorised officer, the name and address of such person or his or her agent.

(15)A person who fails to comply with a request under subsection

(14)or, in purported compliance with such a request, gives information that is false or misleading in a material respect, commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to the fines and penalties provided in Chapter 4 of Part 5 .

(16)In this section— “premises” means any place or vehicle; “ records ” includes, in addition to a record in writing— (

a)discs, tapes, sound-tracks or other devices, including electronic devices, in which information, sounds or signals are embodied so as to be capable (with or without the aid of some other instrument) of being reproduced in legible or audible form, (
b)films, tapes or other devices, including electronic devices, in which visual images are embodied so as to be capable (with or without the aid of some other instrument) of being reproduced in visual form, (
c)photographs, and a reference to copies of records includes— (
i)in the case of records falling within paragraph (
a)only, transcripts of the sounds or signals embodied in them, (
ii)in the case of records falling within paragraph (
b)only, still reproductions of the images embodied in them, and (iii) in the case of records falling within both paragraphs (
a)and (b), such transcripts together with such still reproductions; “vehicle” means any conveyance in or by which any person or thing, or both, is transported which is designed for use on land, or in water or in the air, or in more than one of those ways, and includes— (
a)part of a vehicle, (
b)an article designed as a vehicle but not capable of functioning as a vehicle, (
c)a skip or other container designed for use or used for carriage on a vehicle, (
d)a trailer designed for use or used with a vehicle. Disclosure of information relating to offences. 31.—

(1)Notwithstanding any other law, information which, in the opinion of— (

a)the Competition Authority, (
b)a member of the Garda Síochána, (
c)the Director of Corporate Enforcement, (
d)an officer of the Revenue Commissioners, (
e)the Central Bank and Financial Services Authority of Ireland, or (
f)such other person as may be prescribed after consultation by the Minister with any other Minister of the Government appearing to the Minister to be concerned, may relate to the commission of an offence under any of the relevant statutory provisions may be disclosed by the body or other person referred to in any of paragraphs (
a)to (
f)to the Agency, a member of the Agency or a member of staff of the Agency or an authorised officer.

(2)Notwithstanding section 32 , information, which in the opinion of the chief executive may relate to the commission of an offence which is not an offence under the relevant statutory provisions, may be disclosed to— (

a)the Competition Authority, (
b)a member of the Garda Síochána, (
c)the Director of Corporate Enforcement, (
d)an officer of the Revenue Commissioners, (
e)the Central Bank and Financial Services Authority of Ireland, or (
f)such other person as may be prescribed after consultation by the Minister with any other Minister of the Government appearing to the Minister to be concerned. Prohibition on unauthorised disclosure of information. 32.—

(1)A person shall not, unless authorised by the Agency or by a member of the staff of the Agency duly authorised in that behalf so to do, or required by law, disclose confidential information obtained by him or her in his or her capacity, or while performing duties as— (

a)a member of the Agency or of a committee, (
b)the chief executive, (
c)a member of the staff of the Agency, (
d)a consultant or adviser engaged by the Agency or an employee of such a consultant or adviser, (
e)an authorised officer, or (
f)a person engaged by the Agency in any other capacity.

(2)Subsection

(1)shall not apply to— (

a)a communication made by a member of the Agency or of a committee, the chief executive, a member of staff of the Agency or an authorised officer, in the performance of any of his or her functions under this Act, being a communication the making of which was necessary for the performance by the member, chief executive, member of staff of the Agency or authorised officer of any such function, or (
b)the disclosure by a member of the Agency or of a committee, the chief executive, a member of staff of the Agency or an authorised officer to any member of the Garda Síochána of information which, in the opinion of the member or chief executive or member of staff of the Agency or authorised officer, may relate to the commission of an offence (whether an offence under this Act or not).

(3)A person who contravenes subsection

(1)commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to the fines and penalties provided in Chapter 4 of Part 5 .

(4)Nothing in subsection

(1)shall prevent the disclosure of information by means of a report made— (

a)to the Agency or a committee, as the case may be, or (
b)by or on behalf of the Agency or a committee to the Minister.

(5)A person who suffers loss or harm as a result of a contravention of subsection

(1)shall be entitled to bring proceedings against the person referred to in subsection

(6)in any court of competent jurisdiction seeking one, or more than one as appropriate, of the following reliefs in respect of that loss or harm: (a) relief by way of injunction or declaration; (b) damages.

(6)The person mentioned in subsection

(5)is— (a) if the person who contravened subsection

(1)is other than a member of the Agency or a member of staff of the Agency or an authorised officer, that person, (b) if the person who contravened subsection

(1)is a member of the Agency or a member of staff of the Agency or an authorised officer and the relief sought, or to the extent that the relief sought, in the proceedings is— (i) relief referred to in subsection

(5)(a), that person, (ii) relief referred to in subsection

(5)(b), the Agency.

(7)An action under subsection

(5)shall be regarded as an action founded on tort.

(8)In this section “ confidential information” includes information that is expressed by the Agency or a committee, as the case may be, to be confidential either as regards particular information or as regards information of a particular class or description. Amendment of Freedom of Information Act 1997. 33.— On the establishment day, the Freedom of Information Act 1997 is amended by inserting— (a) in paragraph 1

(2)of the First Schedule, “the National Consumer Agency,”, and (

b)in Part I of the Third Schedule at the end thereof— (
i)in column

(2), “Consumer Protection Act 2007”, and (ii) in column

(3), “ Section 32 ” opposite the mention in column

(2)of the Consumer Protection Act 2007. Chapter 2 Staff of Agency Staffing. 34.—

(1)Subject to section 35 , the Agency may, with the approval of the Minister given with the consent of the Minister for Finance— (

a)appoint such and so many persons to be members of the staff of the Agency as it may from time to time determine, and (
b)determine the grades of such staff of the Agency and the number of staff in each grade.

(2)Subject to section 35 , the terms and conditions of service, including terms and conditions relating to remuneration and allowances for expenses (which shall be paid by the Agency out of monies at its disposal), of the members of the staff of the Agency shall be such as the Agency may from time to time, with the approval of the Minister given with the consent of the Minister for Finance, determine. Transfer of employment of certain persons to Agency. 35.—

(1)On the request of the chief executive made within 24 months after the establishment day, the Minister may, by direction in writing, transfer to the Agency the employment of a person who is employed in a Department of State or by a public body, but only if the person has agreed to have that employment transferred to the Agency.

(2)The chief executive may make such a request only with the concurrence of the Agency.

(3)The conditions of employment of a person whose employment is transferred under this section are to be no less favourable than those applicable to the person immediately before the transfer, except in so far as a collective agreement negotiated with a recognised trade union or staff association of which the person is a member expressly provides otherwise.

(4)If any dispute arises between a person whose employment is transferred under this section and the Agency as to the conditions of employment applicable to the person immediately before the transfer, the Minister shall determine the dispute.

(5)If a person’s employment is transferred under this section, the person’s previous service with a Department of State or public body is to be counted as service for the purposes of the following Acts of the Oireachtas: (

a)the Redundancy Payments Acts 1967 to 2003; (
b)the Protection of Employees (Part-Time Work) Act 2001 ; (
c)the Protection of Employees (Fixed-Term Work) Act 2003 ; (
d)the Minimum Notice and Terms of Employment Acts 1973 to 2005; (
e)the Unfair Dismissals Acts 1977 to 2005; (
f)the Terms of Employment (Information) Acts 1994 and 2001; (
g)the Organisation of Working Time Act 1997 ; (
h)the Parental Leave Acts 1998 and 2006; (
i)the Carer's Leave Act 2001 .

(6)In this section “ recognised trade union or staff association ” means a trade union or staff association recognised by the Agency for the purposes of negotiations which are concerned with the remuneration or conditions of employment or the working conditions of employees. Superannuation. 36.—

(1)The Agency may, with the approval of the Minister given with the consent of the Minister for Finance, make such provision as it considers appropriate in relation to the superannuation of persons appointed under section 34 or transferred to the Agency under section 35 .

(2)The Agency may, with the approval of the Minister given with the consent of the Minister for Finance, make a scheme or schemes for the granting of superannuation benefits to or in respect of the members of staff of the Agency as the Agency thinks fit, and shall carry out such a scheme in accordance with its terms.

(3)A superannuation scheme shall fix the time and conditions of retirement for all persons to or in respect of whom superannuation benefits are payable under the scheme, and different times and conditions may be fixed in respect of different classes of persons.

(4)The Agency may, with the approval of the Minister given with the consent of the Minister for Finance, make a scheme amending or revoking a superannuation scheme, and shall carry out such a scheme in accordance with its terms.

(5)Superannuation benefits granted under this section to persons transferred to the Agency under section 35 , and the terms and conditions relating to those benefits, shall not be less favourable to those persons than those to which they were entitled immediately before they were transferred under the said section 35 .

(6)Superannuation benefits shall not be granted by the Agency to or in respect of any member of the staff of the Agency, nor shall any other arrangement be entered into by the Agency for the provision of such benefits to such person, except in accordance with a superannuation scheme or, if the Agency, with the approval of the Minister given with the consent of the Minister for Finance, sanctions the granting of such benefits, in accordance with that sanction.

(7)A superannuation scheme shall provide for an appeal from a decision relating to superannuation benefits payable under the scheme.

(8)Where at any time during the period between his or her transfer under section 35 and the coming into operation of a scheme under this section, a superannuation benefit falls due for payment to or in respect of a person who was transferred under section 35 , the benefit shall be calculated and paid by the Agency in accordance with the scheme or such provisions in relation to superannuation as applied to the person immediately before his or her transfer under the said section 35 , and for that purpose that person's pensionable service with the Agency and previous pensionable service shall be aggregated.

(9)The Minister shall cause a superannuation scheme to be laid before each House of the Oireachtas as soon as may be after it is made and, if a resolution annulling the scheme is passed by either such House within the next 21 days on which that House has sat after the scheme is laid before it, the scheme shall be annulled accordingly but without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under the scheme.

(10)In this section— “ superannuation benefits ” means pensions, gratuities and other allowances payable to or in respect of a person on ceasing to be a member of the staff of the Agency; “ superannuation scheme ” means a superannuation scheme made under subsection

(2)or

(4). Chapter 3 Transfer of Functions, etc. Transfer of functions to Agency. 37.—

(1)The administration and business in connection with the exercise, performance or execution of any of the functions transferred by subsection

(2)are transferred to the Agency on the establishment day.

(2)The functions vested in the Director by or under the existing enactments are transferred to the Agency on the establishment day.

(3)References to the Director and the office of the Director contained in any Act (within the meaning of the Interpretation Act 2005 ) or instrument (including a licence or certificate granted, nomination made or consent or authorisation given thereunder) relating to any functions transferred by subsection

(2)shall, on and after the establishment day, be read as references to the Agency.

(4)Anything commenced before the establishment day by or under the authority of the Director may, in so far as it relates to functions transferred by subsection

(2)to the Agency, be carried on or completed on or after that day by the Agency.

(5)Where immediately before the establishment day, any legal proceedings are pending to which the Director is a party or the prosecutor and the proceedings have reference to any functions transferred to the Agency by subsection

(2), the name of the Agency shall, in so far as the proceedings relate to functions transferred by subsection

(2), be substituted in those proceedings for that of the Director or added in those proceedings and those proceedings shall not abate by reason of such substitution. Preservation of existing contracts. 38.—

(1)Every bond, guarantee or other security of a continuing nature made or given by the Director to any person or by any person to the Director that is in force immediately before the establishment day, and every contract or agreement in writing made between the Director and any person that is in force but is not fully executed and completed immediately before the establishment day shall continue in force on and after that day and shall be construed and have effect as if the name of the Agency was substituted therein for the Director.

(2)Every document (including any certificate, licence, nomination, consent or authorisation) granted or made by the Director in the exercise of a function transferred by section 37 that is in force immediately before the establishment day shall continue in force on and after that day as if it had been granted or made by the Agency and shall be construed and have effect accordingly. Transfer of assets and liabilities. 39.—

(1)With effect from the establishment day the following are transferred to the Agency: (

a)all rights and property and rights relating to such property held or enjoyed immediately before that day by the Director; and (
b)all liabilities incurred before that day by the Director which had not been discharged before that day; and, accordingly, without any further conveyance, transfer or assignment— (
i)the said property, real and personal, shall, on that day, vest in the Agency for all the estate, term or interest for which, immediately before that day, it was vested in the Director, but subject to all trusts and equities affecting the property and capable of being performed, (
ii)those rights shall, on and from that day, be enjoyed by the Agency, and (iii) those liabilities shall, on and from that day, be liabilities of the Agency.

(2)All monies, stocks, shares and securities transferred to the Agency by this section which, immediately before the establishment day, are in the name of the Director, shall, upon the request of the Agency, be transferred into its name.

(3)Every right and liability transferred to the Agency by this section may, on or after the establishment day, be sued on, recovered or enforced by or against the Agency in its own name and it shall not be necessary for the Agency to give notice of the transfer to the person whose right or liability is transferred by this section.

(4)The Agency shall not, without the consent of the Minister, dispose of any part of any land or any interest therein transferred to or vested in the Agency under this section. References in certain other enactments to Director or Office of Director. 40.—

(1)The Acts of the Oireachtas specified in Part 1 of Schedule 3 are amended as indicated in that Schedule.

(2)The instruments specified in Part 2 of Schedule 3 are amended as indicated in that Schedule. PART 3 Commercial Practices Chapter 1 Unfair Commercial Practices General prohibition on unfair commercial practices. 41.—

(1)A trader shall not engage in an unfair commercial practice.

(2)A commercial practice is unfair if it— (

a)is contrary to one or both of the following (the requirements of professional diligence): (
i)the general principle of good faith in the trader’s field of activity; (
ii)the standard of skill and care that the trader may reasonably be expected to exercise in respect of consumers, and (
b)would be likely to— (
i)cause appreciable impairment of the average consumer’s ability to make an informed choice in relation to the product concerned, and (
ii)cause the average consumer to make a transactional decision that the average consumer would not otherwise make.

(3)In determining whether a commercial practice is unfair under subsection

(2), the commercial practice shall be considered in its factual context, taking account of all of its features and the circumstances. Chapter 2 Misleading Commercial Practices General prohibition on misleading commercial practices. 42.—

(1)A trader shall not engage in a misleading commercial practice.

(2)Without prejudice to the amendments of the Hallmarking Act 1981 made by section 99 , sections 43 to 46 specify the various circumstances in which a commercial practice is misleading. Misleading: false, misleading or deceptive information. 43.—

(1)A commercial practice is misleading if it includes the provision of false information in relation to any matter set out in subsection

(3)and that information would be likely to cause the average consumer to make a transactional decision that the average consumer would not otherwise make.

(2)A commercial practice is misleading if it would be likely to cause the average consumer to be deceived or misled in relation to any matter set out in subsection

(3)and to make a transactional decision that the average consumer would not otherwise make.

(3)The following matters are set out for the purposes of subsections

(1)and

(2): (

a)the existence or nature of a product; (
b)the main characteristics of a product, including, without limitation, any of the following: (
i)its geographical origin or commercial origin; (
ii)its availability, including, without limitation, its availability at a particular time or place or at a particular price; (iii) its quantity, weight or volume; (
iv)its benefits or fitness for purpose; (
v)the results to be expected from it; (
vi)the risks it presents to consumers; (vii) its usage or prior history; (viii) its composition, ingredients, components or accessories; (
ix)the specifications of the product, including, without limitation, the grade, standard, style, status or model of the product; (
x)the after-supply customer assistance available to consumers in relation to the product; (
xi)the handling of consumer complaints in relation to the product; (xii) the method or date of— (I) the product’s delivery, supply or provision, or (II) in the case of goods, the product’s manufacture; (xiii) the results and material features of tests or checks carried out on the product; (xiv) in relation to a service, its execution or performance; (
c)the price of the product, the manner in which that price is calculated or the existence or nature of a specific price advantage; (
d)the need for any part, replacement, servicing or repair in relation to the product; (
e)the existence, extent or nature of any approval or sponsorship (direct or indirect) of the product by others; (
f)the nature, attributes or rights of the trader, including, without limitation, the following: (
i)the trader’s identity, qualifications, assets or status; (
ii)the trader’s affiliation or connection with others; (iii) the existence, extent or nature of— (I) any industrial, commercial or intellectual property rights the trader may have, or (II) any award, distinction, approval or sponsorship (direct or indirect) the trader has or has received; (
g)the extent of the trader’s commitments; (
h)the trader’s motives for the commercial practice; (
i)the nature of the trader’s supply process; (
j)the legal rights of a consumer (whether contractual or otherwise) or matters respecting when, how or in what circumstances those rights may be exercised.

(4)If the commercial practice in subsection

(2)involves the provision of information, it is not a defence in any proceeding to show that the information is factually correct.

(5)In determining whether a commercial practice under subsection

(1)or

(2)is misleading, the commercial practice shall be considered in its factual context, taking account of all of its features and the circumstances.

(6)Without limiting subsection

(5)— (

a)if the commercial practice involves a representation or creates an impression (whether in advertising, marketing or otherwise) that a product was previously offered at a different price or at a particular price, consideration shall be given to whether the product was previously offered openly and in good faith at that price and at the same place for a reasonable period of time before the representation was made, and (
b)if the commercial practice involves a representation or creates an impression (whether in advertising, marketing or otherwise) that a product is being offered by a trader at or below a price recommended by the manufacturer, producer or supplier of the product (other than the trader), consideration shall be given to whether that recommended price was one recommended in good faith by that manufacturer, producer or supplier.

(7)In determining the geographical origin of goods the manufacture or production of which involves more than one country, consideration shall be given to where the goods underwent their last substantial and economically justified processing or working (in a place equipped for that purpose), resulting in the manufacture of new goods or representing an important stage of the manufacture or production. Misleading: competitor or product confusion in marketing or advertising. 44.—

(1)A commercial practice involving marketing or advertising is misleading if it would be likely to cause the average consumer— (

a)to confuse— (
i)a competitor’s product with the trader’s product, or (
ii)a competitor’s trade name, trade mark or some other distinguishing feature or mark with that of the trader, and (
b)to make a transactional decision that the average consumer would not otherwise make.

(2)In determining whether a commercial practice is misleading under subsection

(1), the commercial practice shall be considered in its factual context, taking account of all of its features and the circumstances. Misleading: non-compliance with commitment under code of practice by which trader is bound. 45.—

(1)A commercial practice is misleading if— (

a)it involves a representation that the trader abides, or is bound, by a code of practice, (
b)the representation referred to in paragraph (
a)would be likely to cause the average consumer to make a transactional decision that the average consumer would not otherwise make, and (
c)the trader fails to comply with a firm commitment in that code of practice.

(2)In determining whether a commercial practice is misleading under subsection

(1), the commercial practice shall be considered in its factual context, taking account of all of its features and the circumstances.

(3)For the purposes of this section, a firm commitment in a code of practice is one that is not merely aspirational but is capable of being verified. Misleading: withholding, omitting or concealing material information. 46.—

(1)A commercial practice is misleading if the trader omits or conceals material information that the average consumer would need, in the context, to make an informed transactional decision (“material information”) and such practice would be likely to cause the average consumer to make a transactional decision that the average consumer would not otherwise make.

(2)A commercial practice is misleading if— (

a)the trader— (
i)provides material information referred to in subsection

(1)in a manner that is unclear, unintelligible, ambiguous or untimely, or (

ii)fails to identify the commercial intent of the practice (if such intent is not already apparent from the context), and (
b)such practice would be likely to cause the average consumer to make a transactional decision that the average consumer would not otherwise make.

(3)If a commercial practice is or includes an invitation to purchase, each of the following constitutes material information for the purposes of this section, unless already apparent to the consumer in the context of the commercial practice: (

a)the main characteristics of the product, to an extent appropriate to the medium and the product; (
b)the geographical address of the trader, the identity of the trader (such as his or her trading name) and, if the trader is acting in a consumer transaction as an agent of another trader, the geographical address and the identity of that other trader; (
c)the price of the product (inclusive of taxes) or, if the nature of the product is such that the price cannot reasonably be calculated in advance, the manner in which the price is calculated; (
d)any freight, delivery or postal charges that apply in relation to the product or, if such charges cannot reasonably be calculated in advance, a statement of the fact that such charges will apply and be payable by the consumer; (
e)the handling of consumer complaints in relation to the product or the arrangement for payment, delivery or performance, if such handling or arrangement does not meet or accord with— (
i)the standard of skill and care that the trader may reasonably be expected to exercise in respect of consumers, or (
ii)the general principle of good faith in the trader’s field of activity; (
f)if applicable, the legal rights of a consumer (whether contractual or otherwise) to withdraw from or cancel the consumer transaction.

(4)The material information set out in subsection

(3)is in addition to and not instead of any other information that the trader is required by law to provide to a consumer, including, without limitation, any information required to be provided by regulations under this Act.

(5)In determining whether a commercial practice is misleading under this section, the commercial practice shall be considered in its factual context, taking account of all of its features and the circumstances, including— (

a)the space or time available in any communications medium used, and (
b)any measures taken by the trader to make the material information available to consumers by other means. Offence: misleading commercial practices. 47.— A trader who engages in any misleading commercial practice described in section 43

(1)or

(2)commits an offence and is liable on conviction on indictment or on summary conviction, as the case may be, to the fines and penalties provided in Chapter 4 of Part 5 . Prohibition on surcharges where one method of payment chosen in preference to another. 48.—

(1)In this section— “cash” means cash that is legal tender; “relevant method” , in relation to payment, means each of the following methods of payment— (

a)cash, (
b)credit card, (
c)direct debit, (
d)any other method or methods of payment prescribed by the Minister.

(2)In this section a reference to a representation includes a reference to a representation made at any stage up to the time the trader accepts payment in respect of the product concerned.

(3)Where— (

a)a trader makes a representation that the trader will accept payment in respect of a product by any one of 2 or more different relevant methods, or (
b)it is the practice of a trader to accept payment in respect of a product by different relevant methods, the trader shall not impose an additional charge on any person by reason of the person’s making payment in respect of the product by one of the relevant methods (to which the foregoing representation relates or as regards which the foregoing practice exists) as distinct from another of them.

(4)For the purposes of subsection

(3)— (

a)without limiting any of the other means by which that subsection may be contravened, a trader shall be deemed to impose an additional charge, by reason of the person concerned making payment as mentioned in that subsection, if the price charged by the trader in respect of the product concerned is, where one of the relevant methods of payment is used by that person, greater than the price that would be so charged were that person to use another of them, (
b)if the representation or practice referred to in that subsection relates not only to relevant methods of payment but to one or more other methods of payment as well, that fact is immaterial, and (
c)it is immaterial that the trader can show that any expenses incurred by the trader in accepting payment by one of the relevant methods are greater than those incurred by the trader in accepting payment by another of them.

(5)A trader who contravenes subsection

(3)commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to the fines and penalties provided in Chapter 4 of Part 5 .

(6)In proceedings for an offence under this section, where evidence is given that on a particular occasion the defendant accepted payment in respect of the product concerned by a relevant method which was different from that which the defendant accepted in respect of the product on another occasion in the period of 12 months preceding the first-mentioned occasion (and that previous method is also a relevant method), then it shall be presumed, until the contrary is proved, that a practice existed on the part of the defendant to accept payment in respect of the product by those foregoing methods. Requirement that surcharge (where otherwise permissible) be stated as part of price. 49.—

(1)Where it is the practice of a trader to accept payment in respect of a product— (

a)by only one relevant method and to impose a charge on a person for the person’s making payment in respect of the product by that method, or (
b)by different relevant methods and to impose on a person the same charge for the person’s making payment in respect of the product by any of those methods, the trader shall ensure that any representation made by the trader, or on the trader’s behalf, in relation to the price payable in respect of the product, states clearly that price as a single amount inclusive of the foregoing charge.

(2)For the purposes of subsection

(1), it is immaterial that the trader also accepts payment in respect of the product concerned by one or more methods of payment that are not relevant methods of payment and the reference in that subsection to the practice of a trader to accept payment in respect of a product by only one relevant method shall be read accordingly.

(3)A trader who contravenes subsection

(1)commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to the fines and penalties provided in Chapter 4 of Part 5 .

(4)In a case falling within paragraph (a) or (b) of subsection

(1), nothing in that subsection prevents the inclusion in any representation referred to in that subsection of— (

a)an indication that the single price stated is inclusive of a charge for making payment by the method concerned or, as the case may be, any of the methods concerned, or (
b)an indication of the amount of such charge.

(5)In this section ‘relevant method’, in relation to payment, has the same meaning as it has in section 48 . Consumer information regulations. 50.—

(1)Subject to subsection

(5), if the Minister considers it to be in the interest of consumers to have a product, or a class or type of product, marked with or accompanied by any information (or both), the Minister may make regulations— (

a)prescribing the product or class or type of product, (
b)prescribing— (
i)any stamps, marks, tags and labels for use on those products and the manner of their use, or (
ii)any information to accompany those products when they are supplied to consumers by traders, or (iii) the matters referred to in both of the foregoing subparagraphs, (
c)requiring traders who supply a prescribed product, or a product of a prescribed class or type, to— (
i)stamp, mark, tag or label them in accordance with regulations made under paragraph (b)(i), or (
ii)have prescribed information under paragraph (b)(
ii)accompany those products in the manner and form specified in the regulations, or (iii) do the things referred to in both of the foregoing subparagraphs, and (
d)regulating or prohibiting the supply of a prescribed product, or a product of a prescribed class or type, if any regulation under paragraph (
b)or (
c)is not complied with.

(2)Subject to subsection

(5), if the Minister considers it to be in the interest of consumers that advertisements for a product, or a class or type of product, contain or refer to any information relating to those products (or do both those things), the Minister may make regulations— (

a)prescribing the product, or class or type of product, and that information, and (
b)requiring traders who market or advertise those products to do either or both of the following, as the Minister considers necessary or appropriate: (
i)include that information in their advertisements and to do so in the manner and form specified in the regulations; (
ii)specify in their advertisements the means by which that information may be obtained by a consumer.

(3)The Minister may make different regulations under this section for— (

a)different classes or types of products or traders, (
b)different classes or types of advertisements, (
c)different circumstances, and (
d)different geographical areas of the State.

(4)A regulation made under this section may apply to the whole State or to a specified geographical area of the State.

(5)The Minister may not make a regulation under this section unless the Minister is satisfied that in the context— (

a)the average consumer would need the stamp, mark, tag, label or information in order to make an informed transactional decision (“material information”), and (
b)if such material information was withheld, omitted or concealed, it would be likely to cause the average consumer to make a transactional decision that the average consumer would not otherwise make.

(6)Subsection

(5)does not apply in respect of regulations that may be made under subsection

(1)relating to indications of the standard of fineness of articles of precious metal. Offences: contravening consumer information regulations. 51.—

(1)A trader who supplies a product in contravention of a regulation under section 50

(1)commits an offence.

(2)If an advertisement fails to comply with any requirement of a regulation under section 50

(2), any trader who publishes the advertisement or causes it to be published commits an offence.

(3)A trader who commits an offence under subsection

(1)or

(2)is liable on summary conviction to the fines and penalties provided in Chapter 4 of Part 5 . Chapter 3 Aggressive Commercial Practices General prohibition on aggressive commercial practices. 52.— A trader shall not engage in an aggressive commercial practice. Aggressive commercial practices. 53.—

(1)A commercial practice is aggressive if by harassment, coercion or undue influence it would be likely to— (

a)cause significant impairment of the average consumer’s freedom of choice or conduct in relation to the product concerned, and (
b)cause the average consumer to make a transactional decision that the average consumer would not otherwise make.

(2)In determining whether a commercial practice is aggressive under subsection

(1), the commercial practice shall be considered in its factual context, taking account of all of its features and the circumstances.

(3)Without limiting subsection

(2), in determining whether the commercial practice employs harassment, coercion or undue influence, the following shall be taken into account: (

a)the timing, location, nature or persistence of the commercial practice; (
b)the use of threatening or abusive language or behaviour by the trader; (
c)the exploitation of a consumer’s misfortune or circumstance when the trader is aware that the consumer’s judgment is impaired as a result of the gravity of the misfortune or circumstance, in order to influence the consumer’s transactional decision; (
d)the imposition of onerous or disproportionate non-contractual barriers by the trader when the consumer wishes to terminate the contract, exercise a contractual right or switch to another product or trader; (
e)the use of threats by the trader to— (
i)take action or initiate proceedings against the consumer when the trader has no legal basis for taking such action or initiating such proceedings, or (
ii)do something unlawful.

(4)In this section, “ undue influence ” means exploiting a position of power in relation to a consumer so as to apply pressure (without necessarily using or threatening to use physical force) in a way that significantly limits the consumer’s ability to make an informed choice in relation to the trader’s product. Offence: aggressive commercial practices. 54.— A trader who engages in any aggressive commercial practice described in section 53

(1)commits an offence and is liable on conviction on indictment or on summary conviction, as the case may be, to the fines and penalties provided in Chapter 4 of Part 5 . Chapter 4 Prohibited Commercial Practices Prohibited commercial practices. 55.—

(1)A trader shall not engage in any of the following commercial practices: (

a)a representation that the trader has an approval, authorisation or endorsement that the trader does not have, or making such a representation when the trader is not in compliance with that approval, authorisation or endorsement; (
b)a representation that the trader is signatory to a code of practice, if the trader is not; (
c)a representation that the trader is about to cease trading or move premises, if the trader is not; (
d)a representation that a product has an approval, authorisation or endorsement that it does not have, or making such a representation when the trader is not in compliance with that approval, authorisation or endorsement; (
e)a representation that a product is able to facilitate winning in games of chance; (
f)a representation that supply of a product is legal, if it is not, or creating such an impression; (
g)a representation that a product is able to cure an illness, dysfunction or malformation, if it cannot; (
h)a representation that describes a product as “gratis”, “free”, “without charge” or anything similar, if a consumer has to pay anything other than the necessary and reasonable cost of— (
i)responding to the representation, and (
ii)collecting the product or having it delivered; (
i)a representation that a commercial practice of the trader has an approval, authorisation or endorsement that it does not have, or making such a representation when the trader is not in compliance with the approval, authorisation or endorsement; (
j)a representation that a code of practice has an approval or other endorsement that it does not have; (
k)displaying a quality, standard or trust mark or symbol, or some equivalent type of mark or symbol, without having obtained necessary authorisation to do so; (
l)making an invitation to purchase a product without disclosing the existence of any reasonable grounds the trader may have for believing that the trader will not be able to supply, or procure another trader to supply, the product or an equivalent product at the price specified in the invitation, or to do so for a reasonable period of time or in reasonable quantities, having regard to the scale of any marketing or advertising of the product and the price specified (bait advertising); (
m)making an invitation to purchase a product, then— (
i)demonstrating a defective sample of the product, or (
ii)refusing to— (I) show or display the product to the consumer, (II) take an order from the consumer for the product, or (III) deliver the product to the consumer within a reasonable period of time, with the intention of promoting a different product (bait and switch); (
n)making a false representation that a product is available only for a limited time, or on particular terms for a limited time, in order to elicit an immediate decision from a consumer, depriving the consumer of sufficient opportunity or time to make an informed choice in relation to the trader’s product; (
o)subject to subsection

(2), providing after-supply service to a consumer in a language that is not an official language of the relevant State in which the trader is located, nor is it the language in which the trader and consumer communicated prior to the agreement to supply; (

p)making a representation or creating an impression that a right given to consumers under an enactment is a distinctive feature of the trader’s promotion or supply; (
q)using editorial content in the media to promote a product (if a trader has paid for that promotion) if it is not made clear that the promotion is a paid promotion, whether in the content itself or in any oral, written, visual or descriptive representation in the promotion; (
r)making a representation to a consumer that is materially inaccurate in respect of the nature and extent of risk to the consumer’s personal security, or that of other members of the consumer’s household, if the consumer does not purchase the trader’s product; (
s)promoting a product (similar to that of another manufacturer) in such a manner as to deliberately mislead or deceive a consumer into thinking that the product is manufactured by that manufacturer, when it is not; (
t)making a representation to a consumer that is inaccurate to a material degree in respect of market conditions, or in respect of the possibility of finding a product, with the intention of inducing the consumer to purchase a product at conditions less favourable than normal market conditions; (
u)operating, running or promoting a competition or prize promotion without awarding the prizes described or reasonable equivalents; (
v)making a representation or creating an impression that a consumer has won or will win a prize or other equivalent benefit, if— (
i)there is no prize or equivalent benefit, or (
ii)in claiming the prize, the consumer has to make a payment or incur a loss; (
w)including in marketing material an invoice or any similar document seeking payment from a consumer for a product that the consumer has not ordered; (
x)making a representation or creating an impression that the trader— (
i)is not acting for purposes related to the trader’s trade, business or profession, when the trader is so acting, or (
ii)is acting as a consumer, when the trader is not; (
y)making a representation or creating an impression that after-supply service in relation to a product is available in a relevant State other than the one in which the product is supplied, when it is not so available.

(2)Subsection

(1)(

o)does not apply in either of the following cases: (
a)prior to the agreement to supply, the trader clearly discloses to the consumer the language or languages in which the after-supply service is available; (
b)the primary language in which the trader and consumer communicated prior to the agreement to supply is the official language of the relevant State in which the trader is located but is not the official language of the relevant State of the consumer.

(3)A trader shall not engage in any of the following commercial practices: (

a)making a representation or creating an impression that a consumer cannot leave the premises until a contract is formed; (
b)failing to comply with a consumer’s request to leave the consumer’s residence or to not return (except in circumstances and to the extent justified or permitted by or under law in order to enforce a contractual obligation); (
c)persistently failing to comply with a consumer’s request to cease— (
i)communicating or initiating unwanted or unsolicited contact with, or (
ii)making or sending unwanted or unsolicited representations to, the consumer by telephone, fax, email or any other electronic means or remote media (except in circumstances and to the extent justified or permitted by or under law in order to enforce a contractual obligation); (
d)in relation to a consumer’s claim on an insurance policy, doing either or both of the following: (
i)requiring the consumer to produce documents irrelevant to the validity of the claim; (
ii)persistently failing to respond to the consumer’s correspondence on the matter, in order to dissuade the consumer from exercising contractual rights in respect of that claim; (
e)including in an advertisement a direct exhortation to children to— (
i)purchase a product, or (
ii)persuade a parent or adult to purchase the product for them; (
f)in relation to any product that a consumer does not solicit, demanding that the consumer— (
i)make immediate or deferred payment for the product, or (
ii)return or keep the product safe; (
g)explicitly informing a consumer that if the consumer does not purchase a product, the trader’s job or livelihood will be in jeopardy.

(4)Subsection

(3)(f) does not apply in respect of a product provided by a trader in accordance with Regulation 9

(3)of the European Communities (Protection of Consumers in Respect of Contracts Made by Means of Distance Communication) Regulations 2001 ( S.I. No. 207 of 2001 ). Offence: prohibited commercial practices. 56.— A trader who contravenes section 55

(1)or

(3)commits an offence and is liable on conviction on indictment or on summary conviction, as the case may be, to the fines and penalties provided in Chapter 4 of Part 5 . Price display regulations. 57.—

(1)If the Minister considers it to be in the interest of consumers, the Minister may make regulations requiring traders who supply a product, or a class or type of product, to display the price or charge to consumers of or for those products in any manner or form specified in the regulations.

(2)Without limiting subsection

(1), a regulation under this section may— (

a)require prices or charges, or any combination of prices and charges, to be displayed in a single amount and inclusive of any charges, fees or taxes payable, (
b)require the price or charge display, or combined price and charge display, to state the range of prices or charges for the products, and (
c)prohibit the supply of the products to consumers at any price greater than the price or charge so displayed.

(3)The Minister may make different regulations under this section for different classes or types of products or traders.

(4)A regulation made under this section may apply t

AI explanation based on the official legal text. Indicative, not a substitute for legal advice.