Criminal Justice Act 2007

Criminal Justice Act 2007 Skip to content Disclaimer Feedback Helpdesk Gaeilge Léim go dtí an t-ábhar Séanadh Aiseolas Deasc chabhrach English Gaeilge English Produced by the Office of the Attorney General Táirgthe ag Oifig an Ard-Aighne Home Legislation Acts of the Oireachtas Statutory Instruments Pre-1922 Legislation Constitution External Resources Bills (Houses of the Oireachtas) Iris Oifigiúil / Official Gazette Revised Acts (LRC) Classified List of Legislation (LRC) Translations (acts.ie) Translations (Houses of the Oireachtas) Government Publications for Sale EU Law (EUR-Lex) FAQ Disclaimer Feedback Helpdesk Search Baile Reachtaíocht Achtanna an Oireachtais Ionstraimí Reachtúla Reachtaíocht Réamh-1922 Bunreacht Acmhainní Seachtracha Billí (Tithe an Oireachtais) Iris Oifigiúil Achtanna Athbhreithnithe (CAD) (An Coimisiún um Athchóiriú an Dlí) Liosta Rangaithe Reachtaíochta Aistriúcháin (achtanna.ie) Aistriúcháin (Tithe an Oireachtais) Foilseacháin Rialtais ar Díol Dlí AE (EUR-Lex) CCanna (Ceisteanna Coitianta) Séanadh Aiseolas Deasc chabhrach Cuardach TitleTeideal Year(s) or rangeBliain nó blianta nó raon TypeCineál All Legislation Acts Statutory Instruments Advanced SearchCuardach Casta HomeBaile ActsAchtanna 2007 Criminal Justice Act 2007 Criminal Justice Act 2007 Permanent Page URL View by SectionAmharc de réir Ailt View Full ActAmharc ar an Acht Iomlán Bill History Stair Bille Commencement, Amendments, SIs made under the Act Tosach Feidhme, Leasuithe, IRí arna ndéanamh faoin Acht Revised Act Acht Athbh… Open PDFOscail PDF Print Full ActPriontáil an tAcht Iomlán Number 29 of 2007 CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACT 2007 ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS PART 1 Preliminary and General Section 1. Short title, collective citations, construction and commencement. 2. Definitions. 3. Repeals. 4. Expenses. PART 2 Amendment of Enactments Relating to Bail 5. Amendment of section 1 of Act of 1997. 6. Statement by applicants for bail charged with serious offences. 7. Evidence in applications for bail under section 2. 8. Amendment of section 5 of Act of 1997. 9. Amendment of section 6 of Act of 1997. 10. Application of section 6 in relation to certain appellants. 11. Electronic monitoring of certain persons admitted to bail. 12. Evidence of electronic monitoring. 13. Arrangements for electronic monitoring. 14. Amendment of section 8 of Act of 1997. 15. Estreatment of recognisance and forfeiture of moneys paid into court. 16. Regulations. 17. Amendment of Schedule to Act of 1997. 18. Amendment of section 22 of Act of 1967. 19. Amendment of section 28 of Act of 1967. 20. Amendment of section 31 of Act of 1967. 21. Amendment of section 68 of Children Act 2001. 22. Amendment of section 11 of Act of 1984. 23. Amendment of section 13 of Act of 1984. PART 3 Sentencing 24. Interpretation (Part 3). 25. Commission of another offence within specified period. 26. Monitoring orders and protection of persons orders. 27. Amendment of Criminal Justice (Legal Aid) Act 1962. PART 4 Inferences to be Drawn in Certain Circumstances 28. Inferences from failure or refusal to account for objects, marks, etc. 29. Inferences from failure or refusal to account for accused's presence at a particular place. 30. Inferences from failure of accused to mention particular facts. 31. Amendment of section 2 of Offences Against the State (Amendment) Act 1998. 32. Regulations. PART 5 Misuse of Drugs 33. Amendment of section 27 of Misuse of Drugs Act 1977. PART 6 Amendment of Firearms Acts 1925 to 2006 34. Amendment of section 2 of Act of 1925. 35. Amendment of section 15 of Act of 1925. 36. Amendment of section 26 of Act of 1964. 37. Amendment of section 27 of Act of 1964. 38. Amendment of section 27A of Act of 1964. 39. Amendment of section 27B of Act of 1964. 40. Amendment of section 12A of Act of 1990. PART 7 Amendment of Garda Síochána Act 2005 41. Establishment and functions of Garda Síochána Executive Management Board. 42. Special inquiries relating to Garda Síochána. 43. Other amendments to Act of 2005. PART 8 Amendments to the Sea-Fisheries Acts 2003 and 2006 44. Amendments to Sea-Fisheries Acts 2003 and 2006. PART 9 Miscellaneous 45. Amendment of Garda Síochána (Complaints) Act 1986. 46. Amendment of Act of 2006. 47. Amendment of section 15 of Criminal Justice (Theft and Fraud Offences) Act 2001. 48. Amendment of Act of 1984. 49. Destruction of records. 50. Powers of detention for specified offences. 51. Rearrest. 52. Application of certain provisions of Act of 1984. 53. Amendment of Criminal Justice (Forensic Evidence) Act 1990. 54. Amendment of section 5 of Criminal Justice (Drug Trafficking) Act 1996. 55. Amendment of section 9 of Act of 1984. 56. Copy of recording of questioning by Garda Síochána to be given to accused. 57. Admission in evidence of recording of questioning of accused by Garda Síochána. 58. Amendment of section 8 of Criminal Assets Bureau Act 1996. 59. Amendment of section 29 of Courts of Justice Act 1924. 60. Amendment of section 99 of Act of 2006. SCHEDULE 1 Enactments Repealed SCHEDULE 2 Offences for the purposes of Part 3 Acts Referred to Bail Act 1997 1997, No. 16 Children Act 2001 2001, No. 24 Criminal Assets Bureau Act 1996 1996, No. 31 Continental Shelf Act 1968 1968, No. 14 Criminal Justice Act 1951 1951, No. 2 Criminal Justice Act 1960 1960, No. 27 Criminal Justice Act 1984 1984, No. 22 Criminal Justice Act 1990 1990, No. 16 Criminal Justice Act 1993 1993, No. 6 Criminal Justice Act 1994 1994, No. 15 Criminal Justice Act 2006 2006, No. 26 Criminal Justice (Drug Trafficking) Act 1996 1996, No. 29 Criminal Justice (Forensic Evidence) Act 1990 1990, No. 34 Criminal Justice (Legal Aid) Act 1962 1962, No. 12 Criminal Justice (Public Order) Act 1994 1994, No. 2 Criminal Justice (Theft and Fraud Offences) Act 2001 2001, No. 50 Criminal Law (Jurisdiction) Act 1976 1976, No. 14 Criminal Law Act 1997 1997, No. 14 Criminal Procedure Act 1967 1967, No. 12 European Parliament Elections Act 1997 1997, No. 2 Explosive Substances Act 1883 46 & 47 Vic., c. 3 Explosives Act 1875 38 & 39 Vic., c. 17 Firearms (Firearm Certificates for Non-Residents) Act 2000 2000, No. 20 Firearms Act 1925 1925, No. 17 Firearms Act 1964 1964, No. 1 Firearms Acts 1925 to 2006 Firearms and Offensive Weapons Act 1990 1990, No. 12 Garda Síochána (Complaints) Act 1986 1986, No. 29 Garda Síochána Act 2005 2005, No. 20 Misuse of Drugs Act 1977 1977, No. 12 Misuse of Drugs Acts 1977 to 2006 National Cultural Institutions Act 1997 1997, No. 11 Non-Fatal Offences against the Person Act 1997 1997, No. 26 Offences Against the State (Amendment) Act 1998 1998, No. 39 Offences Against the State Act 1939 1939, No. 13 Petty Sessions (Ireland) Act 1851 14 & 15 Vic., c. 30 Prisons Act 1970 1970, No. 11 Prisons Act 1972 1972, No. 7 Protection of Employees (Part-Time Work) Act 2001 2001, No. 45 Sea-Fisheries Acts 2003 and 2006 Sea-Fisheries and Maritime Jurisdiction Act 2006 2006, No. 8 The Courts of Justice Act 1924 1924, No. 10 Number 29 of 2007 CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACT 2007 AN ACT TO AMEND CERTAIN ENACTMENTS, INCLUDING THE BAIL ACT 1997, THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACT 1984, THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE (LEGAL AID) ACT 1962, THE OFFENCES AGAINST THE STATE (AMENDMENT) ACT 1998, THE MISUSE OF DRUGS ACT 1977, THE FIREARMS ACTS 1925 TO 2006, THE GARDA SÍOCHÁNA ACT 2005, THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACT 2006, THE CRIMINAL ASSETS BUREAU ACT 1996 AND THE SEA-FISHERIES ACTS 2003 AND 2006, TO AMEND THE LAW IN RELATION TO SENTENCING IN CERTAIN RESPECTS, TO MAKE PROVISION IN RELATION TO THE ADMINISTRATION OF CAUTIONS BY MEMBERS OF THE GARDA SÍOCHÁNA TO PERSONS IN RELATION TO OFFENCES, TO PROVIDE FOR ADDITIONAL POWERS OF DETENTION BY THE GARDA SÍOCHÁNA OF PERSONS SUSPECTED OF CERTAIN OFFENCES FOLLOWING ARREST OR REARREST OF SUCH PERSONS IN CONNECTION WITH THE INVESTIGATION OF SUCH OFFENCES, AND TO PROVIDE FOR RELATED MATTERS. [9th May, 2007] BE IT ENACTED BY THE OIREACHTAS AS FOLLOWS: PART 1 Preliminary and General Short title, collective citations, construction and commencement. 1.— (1) This Act may be cited as the Criminal Justice Act 2007. (2) This Act (other than Part 8 ) comes into operation on such day or days as the Minister may appoint by order or orders either generally or with reference to any particular purpose or provision, and different days may be so appointed for different purposes or different provisions. (3) The Bail Act 1997 and Part 2 may be cited together as the Bail Acts 1997 and 2007. (4) The Misuse of Drugs Acts 1977 to 2006 and Part 5 may be cited together as the Misuse of Drugs Acts 1977 to 2007 and shall be construed together as one. (5) The Firearms Acts 1925 to 2006 and Part 6 may be cited together as the Firearms Acts 1925 to 2007 and shall be construed together as one. (6) The Garda Síochána Act 2005 and Part 7 may be cited together as the Garda Síochána Acts 2005 to 2007. (7) The Sea-Fisheries Acts 2003 and 2006 and Part 8 may be cited together as the Sea-Fisheries Acts 2003 to 2007. Definitions. 2.— In this Act— “Act of 1925” means Firearms Act 1925; “Act of 1964” means Firearms Act 1964; “Act of 1967” means Criminal Procedure Act 1967; “Act of 1984” means Criminal Justice Act 1984; “Act of 1990” means Firearms and Offensive Weapons Act 1990; “Act of 1997” means Bail Act 1997; “Act of 2005” means Garda Síochána Act 2005; “Act of 2006” means Criminal Justice Act 2006; “explosive” means an explosive within the meaning of the Explosives Act 1875 and any other substance or thing that is an explosive substance within the meaning of the Explosive Substances Act 1883 ; “firearm” has the meaning it has in section 1 of the Act of 1925; “Minister” means Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform. Repeals. 3.— (1) Subject to subsection (2), the enactments specified in Schedule 1 are repealed to the extent specified in column 3 of that Schedule. (2) The repeal by subsection (1) of the enactments specified in Schedule 1 does not affect the application of those enactments to a failure to mention a fact to which those enactments relate if the failure occurred before the repeal comes into operation, and those enactments apply to such a failure as if they had not been repealed. Expenses. 4.— The expenses incurred by the Minister in the administration of this Act shall, to such extent as may be sanctioned by the Minister for Finance, be paid out of moneys provided by the Oireachtas. PART 2 Amendment of Enactments Relating to Bail Amendment of section 1 of Act of 1997. 5.— Section 1 of the Act of 1997 is amended in subsection (1) by the insertion of the following definitions: “ ‘authorised person’ means a person who is appointed in writing by the Minister, or a person who is one of a prescribed class of persons, to be an authorised person for the purposes of sections 6B and 6C; ‘ Minister ’ means Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform; ‘prescribed’ means prescribed by regulations made by the Minister;”. Statement by applicants for bail charged with serious offences. 6.— The Act of 1997 is amended by the insertion of the following section after section 1: “1A.— (1) A person who is charged with a serious offence and applies for bail (in this section referred to as ‘the applicant’) shall, subject to subsections (4) and (5)(c), furnish to the prosecutor a written statement duly signed by the applicant and containing the following information relating to the applicant: (a) his or her name and any other name or names previously used; (b) his or her current occupation and any previous occupation or occupations within the immediately preceding 3 years; (c) his or her source or sources of income within the immediately preceding 3 years; (d) his or her property, whether wholly or partially owned by, or under the control of, the applicant and whether within or outside the State; (e) any previous conviction or convictions of the applicant for a serious offence; (f) any previous conviction or convictions of the applicant for an offence or offences committed while on bail; (g) any previous application or applications by the person for bail, indicating whether or not it was granted and, if granted, the conditions to which the recognisance was subject. (2) The statement shall be in the prescribed form or a form to the like effect. (3) The statement shall be furnished to the prosecutor— (a) where written notice of the application for bail is not required, as soon as reasonably practicable before the application is made, or (b) where such notice is required, on service of the notice. (4) The requirement in subsection (1) to furnish a statement may be dispensed with where— (a) the prosecutor states an intention to consent to the grant of bail, or (b) the applicant and prosecutor consent to dispensing with the requirement. (5) The court may by order: (a) extend the period for production by the applicant of the statement; (b) adjourn the hearing of the application pending production of the statement; (c) dispense with the need to comply with subsection (1) if satisfied that there is good and sufficient reason for doing so; (d) impose such conditions as it considers just in any order made by it under this section. (6) The statement shall be received in evidence without further proof in proceedings under this section if it purports to be signed by the applicant. (7) In proceedings under this section any witness may, with the leave of the court, be examined on the content of the statement. (8) No information relating to the statement or any part of it shall be published in a written publication available to the public or be broadcast, unless the court otherwise directs. (9) The court may, if it considers that publication of any examination of the applicant in relation to the statement or any part of it or of any submissions made to the court may prejudice the applicant’s right to a fair trial, by order direct that no information relating to the examination or submissions be published in a written publication available to the public or be broadcast. (10) The court, when making an order under subsection (9), may specify the duration of the order and may at any time vary or set aside the order. (11) An applicant who knowingly gives false or misleading information or conceals any material fact, either in the statement or in evidence in proceedings under this section, is guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding €5,000 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or both. (12) Any information contained in the statement is not admissible in evidence in any other proceedings or matter, except in proceedings against the applicant under subsection (11). (13) The court may consider an application for bail, notwithstanding a failure by the applicant to furnish the statement. (14) Nothing in this section limits the jurisdiction of a court to grant bail. (15) Subsection (2) of section 4 applies in relation to the hearing of evidence in relation to the statement and subsections (4) to (7) of that section apply in relation to a contravention of subsection (8) or (9) of this section, in each case with the necessary modifications. (16) In this section ‘ property ’ means— (a) cash, money in an account in a financial institution, cheques, bank drafts and transferable securities (including shares, warrants and debentures), (b) land, (c) mechanically propelled vehicles, and (d) any other asset exceeding €3,000 in value.”. Evidence in applications for bail under section 2. 7.— The Act of 1997 is amended by the insertion of the following section after section 2: “2A.— (1) Where a member of the Garda Síochána not below the rank of chief superintendent, in giving evidence in proceedings under section 2, states that he or she believes that refusal of the application is reasonably necessary to prevent the commission of a serious offence by that person, the statement is admissible as evidence that refusal of the application is reasonably necessary for that purpose. (2) Evidence given by such a member in the proceedings is not admissible in any criminal proceedings against the applicant. (3) The court may, if it considers that publication of evidence given by such a member under subsection (1) or of any part of it may prejudice the accused person’s right to a fair trial, by order direct that no information relating to the evidence or that part, or to any examination of the member, be published in a written publication or be broadcast. (4) The court, when making an order under subsection (3), may specify the duration of the order and may at any time vary or set aside the order as it sees fit and subject to such conditions as it may impose. (5) Subsection (2) of section 4 applies in relation to the hearing of the evidence of the member and subsections (4) to (7) of that section apply in relation to a contravention of subsection (3) of this section, in each case with the necessary modifications. (6) Nothing in this section is to be construed as prejudicing the admission in proceedings under section 2 of other evidence of belief, or of evidence of opinion, whether tendered by any member of the Garda Síochána or other person. (7) Nothing in this section limits the jurisdiction of a court to grant bail.”. Amendment of section 5 of Act of 1997. 8.— Section 5 of the Act of 1997 is amended— (a) in subsection (1), by the substitution of “any moneys to be paid into court under a recognisance” for “any recognisance”, (b) in subsection (2), by the substitution of the following paragraph for paragraph (a): “(a) Where a court requires payment of moneys into court by a person or any surety as a condition of a recognisance, it may accept as security, in lieu of such payment, any instrument that it considers to be adequate evidence of the title of a person to property (other than land or any estate, right or interest in or over land).”, and (c) in subsection (3), by the substitution of “moneys paid” for “recognisance paid”. Amendment of section 6 of Act of 1997. 9.— Section 6 of the Act of 1997 is amended— (a) in subsection (1), by the substitution of the following paragraph for paragraph (a): “(a) the recognisance shall, in addition to the condition requiring his or her appearance before the court at the end of the period of remand of the accused person, be subject to the condition that the accused person shall not commit an offence while on bail,”, and (b) by the insertion of the following subsection after subsection (3): “(3A) A recognisance referred to in subsection (3) shall contain a statement that the accused person may apply to the court at any time to vary or revoke a condition of the recognisance.”. Application of section 6 in relation to certain appellants. 10.— The Act of 1997 is amended by the insertion of the following section after section 6: “6A.— Section 6 applies in relation to recognisances entered into by persons appealing against sentences of imprisonment imposed by the District Court with the following modifications: (a) by the substitution of the following paragraph for paragraph (a) of subsection (1): ‘(a) the recognisance shall be subject to the following conditions, namely, that the appellant shall— (i) prosecute the appeal, (ii) attend the sittings of the Circuit Court until the appeal has been determined, and (iii) not commit an offence while on bail,’; (b) references in that section to an accused person or a person charged with an offence are to be construed as references to persons so appealing; (c) the reference to a court in subsection (8) is to be construed as a reference to the District Court; and with any other necessary modifications.”. Electronic monitoring of certain persons admitted to bail. 11.— The Act of 1997 is amended by the insertion of the following section after section 6A: “6B.— (1) Subject to subsection (2), where a person (in this section referred to as ‘the person’) who— (a) is charged with a serious offence or is appealing against a sentence of imprisonment imposed by the District Court, and (b) is admitted to bail on entering into a recognisance which is subject to any of the conditions mentioned in subparagraphs (i) and (iv) of section 6(1)(b), the court may make the recognisance subject to the following further conditions: (i) that the person’s movements while on bail are monitored electronically so that his or her compliance or non-compliance with a condition mentioned in any of the said subparagraphs can be established; (ii) that for that purpose the person has an electronic monitoring device attached to his or her person, either continuously or for such periods as may be specified; and (iii) that an authorised person is responsible for monitoring the person’s compliance or non-compliance with any condition mentioned in the said subparagraphs or in paragraph (ii) of this subsection. (2) A recognisance shall not be made subject to the further conditions mentioned in subsection (1)— (a) if the person is to reside or remain in a particular place, without the consent of the owner of the place or of an adult person habitually residing there, or, as the case may be, of the person in charge of the place, and (b) unless the person agrees to comply with those further conditions. (3) The court shall direct that a copy of the recognisance containing the conditions to which it is subject be given to— (a) the person and any surety, (b) the member in charge of the Garda Síochána station for the place where the person is residing while the recognisance is in force, and (c) if an authorised person is to be responsible for monitoring the person’s movements electronically, the authorised person. (4) The court, on application to it by a person whose recognisance is subject to one or more of the conditions or further conditions referred to in subsection (1), may, if it considers it appropriate to do so, vary a condition of the recognisance, whether by altering or revoking it or by adding a further condition to it. (5) A recognisance referred to in subsection (3) shall contain a statement that the accused person may apply to the court at any time to vary or revoke a condition of the recognisance. (6) The prosecutor shall be given notice of, and be entitled to be heard in, any proceedings under subsection (4). (7) Without prejudice to section 6(5), the court may issue a warrant for the arrest of the person on information being made in writing and on oath by an authorised person, any surety or a member of the Garda Síochána that he or she is about to contravene any of the further conditions referred to in paragraph (i) or (ii) of subsection (1). (8) Subsections (6) to (9) of section 6 apply, with the necessary modifications, in relation to a warrant issued under subsection (7) of this section as if the warrant had been issued under subsection (5) of that section. (9) This section does not apply in relation to a person under the age of 18 years.”. Evidence of electronic monitoring. 12.— The Act of 1997 is amended by the insertion of the following section after section 6B: “6C.— (1) Where the movements of a person are subject to electronic monitoring as a condition of the recognisance entered into by the person, evidence of his or her— (a) presence or absence in or from a particular district or place at a particular time, or (b) compliance or non-compliance with a condition imposed under section 6B(1)(ii) in relation to the wearing of an electronic monitoring device, may, subject to this section, be given in any proceedings by the production of the following documents: (i) a statement purporting to be generated automatically or otherwise by a prescribed device by which the person’s whereabouts were electronically monitored; (ii) a certificate— (I) that the statement relates to the whereabouts of the person at the dates and times shown in it, and (II) purporting to be signed by an authorised person who is responsible for monitoring electronically the accused person’s compliance with a condition mentioned in subparagraph (i) or (iv) of section 6(1)(b) or in section 6B(1). (2) Subject to subsection (3), in any proceedings the statement and certificate mentioned in paragraphs (i) and (ii) of subsection (1) are admissible as evidence of the facts contained in them, unless the contrary is shown. (3) Neither the statement nor the certificate is so admissible unless a copy of it has been served on the person concerned before the commencement of the proceedings concerned.”. Arrangements for electronic monitoring. 13.— The Act of 1997 is amended by the insertion of the following section after section 6C: “6D.— The Minister may, with the consent of the Minister for Finance, make such arrangements, including contractual arrangements, as he or she considers appropriate with such persons as he or she thinks fit for monitoring electronically the compliance or non-compliance of persons with a condition mentioned in subparagraph (i) or (iv) of section 6(1)(b) or in section 6B(1)(ii).”. Amendment of section 8 of Act of 1997. 14.— Section 8 of the Act of 1997 is amended— (a) in subsection (1), by the insertion of “(if any)” after “amounts”, (b) in subsection (2), by the substitution of “any moneys conditioned to be paid under a recognisance” for “any recognisance”, and (c) in subsection (3), by the substitution of “where the courthouse at which the arrested person is conditioned to appear is situate” for “in which the Garda Síochána station is situate”. Estreatment of recognisance and forfeiture of moneys paid into court. 15.— The Act of 1997 is amended by the substitution of the following section for section 9: “9.— (1) This section applies where— (a) an accused person or a person who is appealing against a sentence of imprisonment imposed by the District Court (in either case referred to in this section as ‘the person’) is admitted to bail on entering into a recognisance conditioned for his or her appearance before a specified court on a specified date at a specified time and place, and (b) the person— (i) fails to appear in accordance with the recognisance and the court issues a warrant for his or her arrest, or (ii) is brought before the court in accordance with subsection (7) and the court is satisfied that the person has contravened a condition of the recognisance. (2) Where subsection (1) applies, the court may order— (a) that any moneys conditioned to be paid under the recognisance by the person or any surety be estreated in such amount and within such period as the court thinks fit, (b) that any sums paid into court by the person or any surety be forfeited in such amount or amounts as the court thinks fit, (c) where a bank, building society, credit union or An Post deposit book has been accepted as security for the amount of the recognisance, that the entity concerned pay into court that amount, or such lesser amount as the court thinks fit, from the moneys held by the person or any surety on deposit therein, and (d) where necessary for estreatment, that a receiver be appointed to take possession or control of the property of the person or any surety and to manage or otherwise deal with it in accordance with the directions of the court. (3) Where a receiver— (a) appointed under subsection (2)(d) takes any action under this section in relation to property, and (b) believes, and has reasonable grounds for believing, that he or she is entitled to take that action in relation to the property, he or she shall not be liable to any person in respect of any loss or damage resulting from the action, except in so far as the loss or damage is caused by his or her negligence. (4) Money recovered by the receiver may, to the extent necessary, be applied to meet expenses incurred in the performance of his or her functions and the remuneration of any person employed in that connection. (5) The court may, on the application of a member of the Garda Síochána and on information being made in writing and on oath by or on behalf of the member that the person has contravened a condition of the recognisance (other than the condition referred to in subsection (1)(a)), issue a warrant for the arrest of the accused person. (6) A member of the Garda Síochána may arrest the person under subsection (5) notwithstanding that the member does not have the warrant concerned in his or her possession at the time of the arrest. (7) Where subsection (6) applies, the member shall serve the warrant on the arrested person as soon as practicable. (8) The arrested person shall be brought as soon as practicable before the court. (9) Where a warrant has been issued under subsection (5), the person and any surety remain bound by their recognisances, and any money paid into court in connection therewith shall not be released before the conclusion of any proceedings under this section. (10) Where the court makes an order under subsection (2), notice shall be given to the person and any surety stating that an application to vary or discharge the order may be made to the court within 21 days from the date of the issue of the notice. (11) On such an application, the court may vary or discharge the order if satisfied that compliance with it would cause undue hardship to the person or any surety. (12) The prosecutor shall be given notice of, and be entitled to be heard in, any proceedings under subsection (11). (13) If an order under subsection (2)(a) or any variation of it under subsection (11) is not complied with, a warrant of committal of the person for such non-compliance shall be issued by the court and, for the purpose of determining the term of imprisonment to be served by the person, the warrant shall be treated as if it were a warrant for imprisonment for non-payment of a fine equivalent to the amount estreated under the said subsection (2)(a).”. Regulations. 16.— The Act of 1997 is amended by the insertion of the following section after section 11: “11A.— (1) The Minister may make regulations prescribing any matter or thing which is referred to in this Act as prescribed or for the purpose of enabling any provision of this Act to have full effect. (2) The regulations may include such consequential, incidental or supplementary provisions as may be necessary for that purpose. (3) Regulations under this section shall be laid before each House of the Oireachtas as soon as may be after they are made and, if a resolution annulling them is passed by either such House within the next 21 days on which that House has sat after they are laid before it, the regulations shall be annulled accordingly, but without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done thereunder.”. Amendment of Schedule to Act of 1997. 17.— The Schedule to the Act of 1997 is amended— (a) by the substitution of the following paragraph for paragraph 14: “14. Any offence under the following provisions of the Firearms Act 1925 : (a) section 2 (restrictions on possession, use, and carriage of firearms); (b) section 3 (applications for, and form and effect of, firearm certificates); (c) section 4A(18) (authorisation of rifle or pistol clubs or shooting ranges); (d) section 10A (reloading of ammunition); (e) section 15 (possession of firearms with intent to endanger life); (f) section 25 (punishments).”, (b) by the substitution of the following paragraph for paragraph 16: “16. Any offence under the following provisions of the Firearms and Offensive Weapons Act 1990 : (a) section 7 (possession, sale, etc., of silencers); (b) section 8 (reckless discharge of firearm); (c) section 9 (possession of knives and other articles); (d) section 10 (trespassing with a knife, weapon of offence or other article); (e) section 11 (production of article capable of inflicting serious injury); (f) section 12 (power to prohibit manufacture, importation, sale, hire or loan of offensive weapons); (g) section 12A (shortening barrel of shotgun or rifle).”, (c) by the insertion of the following paragraph after paragraph 16: “16A. Any offence under section 3 of the Firearms (Firearm Certificates for Non-Residents) Act 2000 (prohibition of false information and alteration of firearm certificates).”, and (d) by the substitution of the following paragraph for paragraph 30: “30. An offence of attempting or conspiring to commit, or inciting the commission of, any offence mentioned in this Schedule.”. Amendment of section 22 of Act of 1967. 18.— Section 22 of the Act of 1967 is amended— (a) by the insertion of the following subsection after subsection (1): “(1A) The Court may admit a person to bail without imposing a condition in the recognisance as to payment of moneys into court by the person if it considers it appropriate to do so, having regard to the circumstances of the case, including the means of the person and the nature of the offence in relation to which the person is in custody.”, (b) by the substitution of the following subsections for subsections (2) and (3): “(2) The Court may, instead of taking a recognisance from a person in accordance with subsection (1)— (a) determine the conditions to be contained in the recognisance, including the amount of any moneys to be paid into court under it, with a view to its being subsequently taken, and (b) in the meantime commit the person concerned to custody in accordance with paragraph (a) of that subsection. (3) A recognisance referred to in subsection (2) may be taken by any judge of the District Court.”. Amendment of section 28 of Act of 1967. 19.— Section 28 of the Act of 1967 is amended by the substitution of the following subsection for subsection (3): “(3) (a) An applicant for bail or the prosecutor may appeal to the High Court if dissatisfied with a refusal or grant of the application for bail or, where bail is granted, with any matter relating to the bail. (b) Where the applicant has been remanded in custody by the District Court and the offence with which the applicant is charged is triable by the Circuit Court, the High Court may transfer the appeal to the judge of the Circuit Court for the circuit in which the prison or place of detention to which the applicant has been remanded is situated. (c) The judge of the Circuit Court referred to in paragraph (b) shall exercise jurisdiction in respect of the appeal. (d) An appeal against a decision by the Circuit Court under this section lies to the High Court at the instance of the applicant or prosecutor.”. Amendment of section 31 of Act of 1967. 20.— Section 31 of the Act of 1967 is amended by the substitution of the following subsection for subsection (3): “(3) If the recognisance is conditioned for the payment of a sum of money, that sum may be accepted in lieu of a surety or sureties.”. Amendment of section 68 of Children Act 2001. 21.— Section 68 of the Children Act 2001 is amended by the substitution of the following subsection for subsection (4): “(4) If the recognisance is conditioned for the payment of a sum of money, that sum may be accepted in lieu of a surety or sureties.”. Amendment of section 11 of Act of 1984. 22.— Section 11 of the Act of 1984 is amended by the substitution of the following subsection for subsection (1): “(1) Any sentence of imprisonment passed on a person for an offence— (a) committed while on bail, whether committed before or after the commencement of section 22 of the Criminal Justice Act 2007, or (b) committed after such commencement while the person is unlawfully at large after the issue of a warrant for his or her arrest for non-compliance with a condition of the recognisance concerned, shall be consecutive on any sentence passed on him or her for a previous offence or, if he or she is sentenced in respect of two or more previous offences, on the sentence last due to expire, so however that, where two or more consecutive sentences as required by this section are passed by the District Court, the aggregate term of imprisonment in respect of those consecutive sentences shall not exceed 2 years.”. Amendment of section 13 of Act of 1984. 23.— Section 13 of the Act of 1984 is amended— (a) in subsection (1), by the substitution of “€5,000” for “£1,000”, and (b) by the addition of the following subsection: “(6) Notwithstanding section 10 (4) of the Petty Sessions (Ireland) Act 1851 , summary proceedings for an offence under this section may be instituted within 12 months from the date on which the offence was committed.”. PART 3 Sentencing Interpretation (Part 3). 24.— (1) In this Part— “ imprisonment ” includes— (a) detention in Saint Patrick’s Institution, (b) detention in a place provided under section 2 of the Prisons Act 1970 , and (c) detention in a place specified under section 3 of the Prisons Act 1972 , and “ prison ” and “ sentence of imprisonment ” shall be construed accordingly; “ remission from the sentence ” means, in relation to the sentence imposed on a person, the remission which he or she may earn from that sentence under the rules or practice whereby prisoners generally may earn remission of sentence by industry and good conduct. (2) In this Part, references to an offence specified in Schedule 2 shall include— (a) references to participation as an accomplice of a person who commits such an offence, and (b) references to an offence of attempting or conspiring to commit, or inciting the commission of, such an offence. Commission of another offence within specified period. 25.— (1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), where a person (other than a person under the age of 18 years)— (a) has been convicted on indictment of an offence specified in Schedule 2 (in this section referred to as “the first offence”), (b) has been sentenced to imprisonment for a term of not less than 5 years in respect of that offence, and (c) who is convicted on indictment of an offence specified in Schedule 2 (in this section referred to as “the subsequent offence”) that is committed— (i) during the period of 7 years from the date of conviction of the first offence and, for the purpose of determining that period, there shall be disregarded any period of imprisonment in respect of the first offence or the subsequent offence, or (ii) during any such period of imprisonment, (in this section the total period comprising the periods referred to in subparagraphs (i) and (ii) is referred to as “the specified period”), the court shall, in imposing sentence on the person in respect of the subsequent offence, specify as the minimum term of imprisonment to be served by the person, a term of not less than three quarters of the maximum term of imprisonment prescribed by law in respect of such an offence and, if the maximum term so prescribed is life imprisonment, the court shall specify a term of imprisonment of not less than 10 years. (2) Subsection (1) shall not apply if any of the following provisions apply in respect of the subsequent offence: (a) section 2 of the Criminal Justice Act 1990 ; (b) section 15(8) of the Act of 1925; (c) section 26(8), 27(8), 27A(8) or 27B(8) of the Act of 1964; (d) section 12A(13) of the Act of 1990; or (e) section 27(3F) of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1977 . (3) Subsection (1) shall not apply where the court is satisfied that it would be disproportionate in all the circumstances of the case to specify as the minimum term of imprisonment to be served by the person concerned the term of imprisonment referred to in that subsection in respect of the subsequent offence. (4) Subsection (1) shall apply to a person in respect of the subsequent offence only if that offence is committed after the commencement of this section and that subsection shall apply to a person whether the first offence is committed before or after such commencement. (5) If, in relation to a sentence of a term of imprisonment imposed on a person in respect of the first offence— (a) the operation of the whole term is suspended, then subsection (1) shall not apply to that offence, or (b) the operation of a part of the term is suspended, the part of that term the operation of which is not suspended shall be regarded as the term of imprisonment imposed on the person in respect of the first offence for the purposes of subsection (1). (6) Subsection (1) shall not apply to a person if the conviction in respect of the first offence is quashed on appeal or otherwise. (7) A reference in this section to a sentence imposed on a person in respect of the first offence shall— (a) if the sentence is varied on appeal, be construed as a reference to the sentence as so varied, or (b) if, on the application of the Director of Public Prosecutions under section 2 of the Criminal Justice Act 1993 , the sentence is quashed by the Court of Criminal Appeal and another sentence is imposed in place of it by that Court on the person, be construed as a reference to that other sentence. (8) For the purposes of subsections (1)(c) and (10), a period of imprisonment means any time when the person concerned is— (a) remanded in custody, (b) serving a sentence in prison, or (c) temporarily released under section 2 of the Criminal Justice Act 1960 . (9) References in this section to the subsequent offence shall include references to a second or subsequent offence specified in Schedule 2 of which a person (other than a person under the age of 18 years) is convicted on indictment during the specified period. (10) The specified period in relation to a person to whom subsection (1) applies shall expire only when the person has not been convicted of an offence specified in Schedule 2 — (a) during the period of 7 years from the date of conviction of the subsequent offence and, for the purpose of determining that period, there shall be disregarded any period of imprisonment in respect of the first offence or the subsequent offence, or (b) during any such period of imprisonment. (11) If, following the application of subsection (1) to a person in respect of a conviction on indictment of an offence specified in Schedule 2 — (a) his or her conviction in respect of the first offence is quashed on appeal or otherwise, or (b) the sentence imposed on the person in respect of the first offence is varied on appeal so that it no longer falls under subsection (1)(b, the person may apply to the court that imposed the sentence on him or her in respect of the subsequent offence to review it and the court may, if it considers it appropriate to do so, vary that sentence. (12) (a) If a sentence imposed on a person in respect of a conviction on indictment of an offence specified in Schedule 2 does not fall under subsection (1)(b) but the sentence is— (i) varied on appeal, or (ii) on the application of the Director of Public Prosecutions under section 2 of the Criminal Justice Act 1993 , quashed by the Court of Criminal Appeal and another sentence is imposed in place of it by that Court on the person, so that the sentence then falls under subsection (1)(b), subsection (1) shall apply in respect of an offence specified in Schedule 2 (“the subsequent offence”) committed by the person within the specified period. (b) If, in the circumstances referred to in paragraph (a), a sentence has, at the time of the appeal referred to in subparagraph (i) of that paragraph concerned or, as the case may be, the application referred to in subparagraph (ii) of that paragraph concerned, been imposed on the person concerned in respect of the subsequent offence, the Director of Public Prosecutions may apply to the court that imposed the sentence to review it and the court shall apply subsection (1) to that person in respect of the subsequent offence and, if appropriate, vary the sentence accordingly. (13) The power conferred by section 23 of the Criminal Justice Act 1951 to commute or remit a punishment shall not, in the case of a person serving a sentence of imprisonment imposed in accordance with subsection (1) in respect of the subsequent offence, be exercised before the expiry of the minimum term of imprisonment specified by the court in accordance with that subsection less any reduction of that term arising under subsection (14). (14) The rules or practice whereby prisoners generally may earn remission of sentence by industry and good conduct shall apply in the case of a person serving a sentence imposed in accordance with subsection (1) in respect of the subsequent offence and the minimum term of imprisonment specified by the court in accordance with that subsection shall be reduced by the amount of any remission so earned by the person. (15) Any powers conferred by rules made under section 2 of the Criminal Justice Act 1960 to release temporarily a person serving a sentence of imprisonment shall not, in the case of a person serving a sentence imposed in accordance with subsection (1) in respect of the subsequent offence, be exercised during the period for which the commutation or remission of his or her punishment is prohibited by subsection (13) unless for grave reason of a humanitarian nature, and any release so granted shall be only of such limited duration as is justified by that reason. (16) The reference in subsection (15) to section 2 of the Criminal Justice Act 1960 shall be construed to include that section as applied by section 4 of the Prisons Act 1970 . Monitoring orders and protection of persons orders. 26.— (1) Where a person (other than a person under the age of 18 years) (in this section referred to as “the offender”) is convicted on indictment of an offence specified in Schedule 2 , the court shall consider whether it is appropriate to make an order or orders under this section in relation to the offender for the purpose of monitoring the offender after release from prison or for the purpose of protecting any person. (2) The court may make an order (in this section referred to as a “ monitoring order”) in relation to the offender requiring the offender, as soon as practicable after the order comes into force, to notify in writing an inspector of the Garda Síochána of the district in which his or her home is located of the address of it and to notify in writing such an inspector of any change of address of his or her home or any proposed absence for a period of more than 7 days from his or her home before any such change of address or any such absence, as the case may be, occurs. (3) A monitoring order may be made for such period, not exceeding 7 years, as the court considers appropriate. (4) The court may make an order (in this section referred to as a “ protection of persons order”) in relation to the offender for the purpose of protecting the victim of the offence concerned or any other person named in the order from harassment by the offender while the order is in force. (5) The court may provide in a protection of persons order that the offender is prohibited from engaging in any behaviour that, in the opinion of the court, would be likely to cause the victim of the offence concerned or any other person named in the order fear, distress or alarm or would be likely to amount to intimidation of any such person. (6) A protection of persons order may be made for such period, not exceeding 7 years, as the court considers appropriate. (7) A monitoring order or a protection of persons order in relation to the offender shall come into force on the date on which— (a) the sentence of imprisonment imposed on him or her in respect of the offence concerned expires or, as the case may be, his or her remission from the sentence begins, or (b) if the offender is imprisoned in respect of another offence, the date on which that sentence of imprisonment expires or, as the case may be, his or her remission from that sentence begins, whichever is the later. (8) Where a monitoring order or a protection of persons order is made (whether or not it is in force), the court that made the order may, if it so thinks proper, on the application of the offender vary or revoke the order if it is satisfied that by reason of such matters or circumstances specified in the application that have arisen or occurred since the making of the order that it should be varied or revoked. (9) An application under subsection (8) shall be made on notice to an inspector of the Garda Síochána of the district in which the offender ordinarily resided at the time that the order was made or, if appropriate, an inspector of the Garda Síochána of the district in which the home of the offender is located at the time of the application. (10) A person who fails, without reasonable cause, to comply with a monitoring order or a protection of persons order shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding €2,000 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or both. (11) Nothing in this section shall affect any other order, restriction or obligation, or any condition attaching thereto, to which the offender is subject whether made or imposed under statute or otherwise apart from this section while a monitoring order or a protection of persons order is in force. (12) In this section “ home ”, in relation to the offender, means his or her sole or main residence or, if he or she has no such residence, his or her most usual place of abode or, if he or she has no such abode, the place which he or she regularly visits. Amendment of Criminal Justice (Legal Aid) Act 1962. 27.— The Criminal Justice (Legal Aid) Act 1962 is amended— (a) by the insertion of the following sections after section 6: “Legal aid (monitoring order) certificate. 6A.— (1) Where— (a) a monitoring order has been made in relation to a person, and (b) a certificate for free legal aid (in this Act referred to as a ‘legal aid (monitoring order) certificate’) is granted in respect of him or her by the court to which an application is made to vary or revoke the order, the person shall be entitled to free legal aid in the preparation and conduct of an application under section 26 (8) of the Criminal Justice Act 2007 to vary or revoke the order and to have a solicitor and, if the court considers it appropriate, counsel assigned to him or her for that purpose in such manner as may be prescribed by regulations under section 10 of this Act. (2) A legal aid (monitoring order) certificate shall be granted in relation to a person in respect of whom a monitoring order has been made if (but only if)— (a) application is made therefor, (b) it appears to the court to which the application is made to vary or revoke the order that— (i) the means of the person are insufficient to enable him or her to obtain legal aid, and (ii) by reason of the conditions specified in the order or of exceptional circumstances, it is essential in the interests of justice that the person should have legal aid in the preparation and conduct of the application to vary or revoke the order. (3) In this section ‘monitoring order’ has the meaning it has in section 26 of the Criminal Justice Act 2007. Legal aid (protection of persons order) certificate. 6B.— (1) Where— (a) a protection of persons order has been made in relation to a person, and (b) a certificate for free legal aid (in this Act referred to as a ‘legal aid (protection of persons order) certificate’) is granted in respect of him or her by the court to which an application is made to vary or revoke the order, the person shall be entitled to free legal aid in the preparation and conduct of an application under section 26 (8) of the Criminal Justice Act 2007 to vary or revoke the order and to have a solicitor and, if the court considers it appropriate, counsel assigned to him or her for that purpose in such manner as may be prescribed by regulations under section 10 of this Act. (2) A legal aid (protection of persons order) certificate shall be granted in respect of a person in relation to whom a protection of persons order has been made if (but only if)— (a) application is made therefor, (b) it appears to the court to which the application is made to vary or revoke the order that— (i) the means of the person are insufficient to enable him or her to obtain legal aid, and (ii) by reason of the conditions specified in the order or of exceptional circumstances, it is essential in the interests of justice that the person should have legal aid in the preparation and conduct of the application to vary or revoke the order. (3) In this section ‘ protection of persons order ’ has the meaning it has in section 26 of the Criminal Justice Act 2007.”, (b) in section 7, by the addition of the following subsection: “(3) Where a legal aid (monitoring order) certificate or a legal aid (protection of persons order) certificate has been granted in respect of a person, any fees, costs or other expenses properly incurred in preparing and conducting the person’s application to vary or revoke the monitoring order or the protection of persons order to which the certificate relates shall, subject to the regulations under section 10 of this Act, be paid out of moneys provided by the Oireachtas.”, and (c) in section 9(2), by the substitution of “, a legal aid (Supreme Court) certificate, a legal aid (monitoring order) certificate or a legal aid (protection of persons order) certificate” for “or a legal aid (Supreme Court) certificate”. PART 4 Inferences to be Drawn in Certain Circumstances Inferences from failure or refusal to account for objects, marks, etc. 28.— (1) The Act of 1984 is amended by the substitution of the following section for section 18: “18.— (1) Where in any proceedings against a person for an arrestable offence evidence is given that the accused— (a) at any time before he or she was charged with the offence, on being questioned by a member of the Garda Síochána in relation to the offence, or (b) when being charged with the offence or informed by a member of the Garda Síochána that he or she might be prosecuted for it, was requested by the member to account for any object, substance or mark, or any mark on any such object, that was— (i) on his or her person, (ii) in or on his or her clothing or footwear, (iii) otherwise in his or her possession, or (iv) in any place in which he or she was during any specified period, and which the member reasonably believes may be attributable to the participation of the accused in the commission of the offence and the member informed the accused that he or she so believes, and the accused failed or refused to give an account, being an account which in the circumstances at the time clearly called for an explanation from him or her when so questioned, charged or informed, as the case may be, then, the court, in determining whether a charge should be dismissed under Part IA of the Criminal Procedure Act 1967 or whether there is a case to answer and the court (or, subject to the judge’s directions, the jury) in determining whether the accused is guilty of the offence charged (or of any other offence of which he or she could lawfully be convicted on that charge) may draw such inferences from the failure or refusal as appear proper; and the failure or refusal may, on the basis of such inferences, be treated as, or as capable of amounting to, corroboration of any evidence in relation to which the failure or refusal is material. (2) A person shall not be convicted of an offence solely or mainly on an inference drawn from a failure or refusal to account for a matter to which subsection (1) applies. (3) Subsection (1) shall not have effect unless— (a) the accused was told in ordinary language when being questioned, charged or informed, as the case may be, what the effect of the failure or refusal to account for a matter to which that subsection applies might be, and (b) the accused was afforded a reasonable opportunity to consult a solicitor before such failure or refusal occurred. (4) Nothing in this section shall, in any proceedings— (a) prejudice the admissibility in evidence of the silence or other reaction of the accused in the face of anything said in his or her presence relating to the conduct in respect of which he or she is charged in so far as evidence thereof would be admissible apart from this section, (b) be taken to preclude the drawing of any inference from the silence or other reaction of the accused which could properly be drawn apart from this section, or (c) be taken to preclude the drawing of any inference from a failure or refusal to account for the presence of an object, substance or mark or for the condition of clothing or footwear which could properly be drawn apart from this section. (5) The court (or, subject to the judge’s directions, the jury) shall, for the purposes of drawing an inference under this section, have regard to whenever, if appropriate, the account of the matter concerned was first given by the accused. (6) This section shall not apply in relation to the questioning of a person by a member of the Garda Síochána unless it is recorded by electronic or similar means or the person consents in writing to it not being so recorded. (7) Subsection (1) shall apply to the condition of clothing or footwear as it applies to a substance or mark thereon. (8) References in subsection (1) to evidence shall, in relation to the hearing of an application under Part IA of the Criminal Procedure Act 1967 for the dismissal of a charge, be taken to include a statement of the evidence to be given by a witness at the trial. (9) In this section ‘arrestable offence’ has the meaning it has in section 2 (as amended by section 8 of the Criminal Justice Act 2006 ) of the Criminal Law Act 1997 .”. (2) This section shall not apply to a failure or refusal to account for the presence of an object, substance or mark or for the condition of clothing or footwear if the failure or refusal occurred before the commencement of this section. (3) Subsection (1) shall not affect the application of section 18 of the Act of 1984 to a failure or refusal to account for the presence of an object, substance or mark or for the condition of clothing or footwear if the failure or refusal occurred before the commencement of this section, and that section shall apply to such a failure or refusal as if subsection (1) had not been enacted. Inferences from failure or refusal to account for accused's presence at a particular place. 29.— (1) The Act of 1984 is amended by the substitution of the following section for section 19: “19.— (1) Where in any proceedings against a person for an arrestable offence evidence is given that the accused— (a) at any time before he or she was charged with the offence, on being questioned by a member of the Garda Síochána in relation to the offence, or (b) when being charged with the offence or informed by a member of the Garda Síochána that he or she might be prosecuted for it, was requested by the member to account for his or her presence at a particular place at or about the time the offence is alleged to have been committed, and the member reasonably believes that the presence of the accused at that place and at that time may be attributable to his or her participation in the commission of the offence and the member informed the accused that he or she so believes, and the accused failed or refused to give an account, being an account which in the circumstances at the time clearly called for an explanation from him or her when so questioned, charged or informed, as the case may be, then, the court, in determining whether a charge should be dismissed under Part IA of the Criminal Procedure Act 1967 or whether there is a case to answer and the court (or, subject to the judge’s directions, the jury) in determining whether the accused is guilty of the offence charged (or of any other offence of which he or she could lawfully be convicted on that charge) may draw such inferences from the failure or refusal as appear proper; and the failure or refusal may, on the basis of such inferences, be treated as, or as …