(1), of this Convention situated in its territory shall, to the greatest extent possible within its domestic legal system: (

1. a)submit the request to its competent authorities for the purpose of obtaining an order of confiscation and, if such an order is granted, give effect to it; or (
2. b)submit to its competent authorities, with a view to giving effect to it to the extent requested, an order of confiscation issued by a court in the territory of the requesting State Party in accordance with Article 12

(1), of this Convention insofar as it relates to proceeds of crime, property, equipment or other

(1), of this Convention for the purpose of eventual confiscation to be ordered either by the requesting State Party or, pursuant to a request under paragraph 1 of this Article, by the requested State Party. 3. The provisions of Article 18 of this Convention are applicable, mutatis mutandis, to this Article. In addition to the information specified in Article 18

(15), requests made pursuant to this Article shall contain: (

1. a)in the case of a request pertaining to paragraph 1(
2. a)of this Article, a description of the property to be confiscated and a statement of the facts relied upon by the requesting State Party sufficient to enable the requested State Party to seek the order under its domestic law; (
3. b)in the case of a request pertaining to paragraph 1(
4. b)of this Article, a legally admissible copy of an order of confiscation upon which the request is based issued by the requesting State Party, a statement of the facts and information as to the extent to which execution of the order is requested; (
5. c)in the case of a request pertaining to paragraph 2 of this Article, a statement of the facts relied upon by the requesting State Party and a description of the actions requested. 4. The decisions or actions provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article shall be taken by the requested State Party in accordance with and subject to the provisions of its domestic law and its procedural rules or any bilateral or multilateral treaty, agreement or arrangement to which it may be bound in relation to the requesting State Party. 5. Each State Party shall furnish copies of its laws and regulations that give effect to this Article and of any subsequent changes to such laws and regulations or a description thereof to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. 6. If a State Party elects to make the taking of the measures referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article conditional on the existence of a relevant treaty, that State Party shall consider this Convention the necessary and sufficient treaty basis. 7. Cooperation under this Article may be refused by a State Party if the offence to which the request relates is not an offence covered by this Convention. 8. The provisions of this Article shall not be construed to prejudice the rights of bona fide third parties. 9. States Parties shall consider concluding bilateral or multilateral treaties, agreements or arrangements to enhance the effectiveness of international cooperation undertaken pursuant to this Article. Article 14 Disposal of confiscated proceeds of crime or property 1. Proceeds of crime or property confiscated by a State Party pursuant to Articles 12 or 13

(1), of this Convention shall be disposed of by that State Party in accordance with its domestic law and administrative procedures.

1. When acting on the request made by another State Party in accordance with Article 13 of this Convention, States Parties shall, to the extent permitted by domestic law and if so requested, give priority consideration to returning the confiscated proceeds of crime or property to the requesting State Party so that it can give compensation to the victims of the crime or return such proceeds of crime or property to their legitimate owners.
2. When acting on the request made by another State Party in accordance with Articles 12 and 13 of this Convention, a State Party may give special consideration to concluding agreements or arrangements on: (a) contributing the value of such proceeds of crime or property or funds derived from the sale of such proceeds of crime or property or a part thereof to the account designated in accordance with Article 30

(2)(c), of this Convention and to intergovernmental bodies specialising in the fight against organised crime; (

1. b)sharing with other States Parties, on a regular or case-by-case basis, such proceeds of crime or property, or funds derived from the sale of such proceeds of crime or property, in accordance with its domestic law or administrative procedures. Article 15 Jurisdiction 1. Each State Party shall adopt such measures as may be necessary to establish its jurisdiction over the offences established in accordance with Articles 5, 6, 8 and 23 of this Convention when: (
2. a)The offence is committed in the territory of that State Party; or (
3. b)The offence is committed on board a vessel that is flying the flag of that State Party or an aircraft that is registered under the laws of that State Party at the time that the offence is committed. 2. Subject to Article 4 of this Convention, a State Party may also establish its jurisdiction over any such offence when: (
4. a)the offence is committed against a national of that State Party; (
5. b)the offence is committed by a national of that State Party or a stateless person who has his or her habitual residence in its territory; or (
6. c)the offence is: (
7. i)one of those established in accordance with Article 5

(1), of this Convention and is committed outside its territory with a view to the commission of a serious crime within its territory; (ii) one of those established in accordance with Article 6

(1)(b)(ii), of this Convention and is committed outside its territory with a view to the commission of an offence established in accordance with Article 6

(1)(a)(

1. i)or (
2. ii)or (
3. b)(i), of this Convention within its territory. 3. For the purposes of Article 16

(10), of this Convention, each State Party shall adopt such measures as may be necessary to establish its jurisdiction over the offences covered by this Convention when the alleged offender is present in its territory and it does not extradite such person solely on the ground that he or she is one of its nationals.

1. Each State Party may also adopt such measures as may be necessary to establish its jurisdiction over the offences covered by this Convention when the alleged offender is present in its territory and it does not extradite him or her.
2. If a State Party exercising its jurisdiction under paragraph 1 or 2 of this Article has been notified, or has otherwise learned, that one or more other States Parties are conducting an investigation, prosecution or judicial proceeding in respect of the same conduct, the competent authorities of those States Parties shall, as appropriate, consult one another with a view to coordinating their actions.
3. Without prejudice to norms of general international law, this Convention does not exclude the exercise of any criminal jurisdiction established by a State Party in accordance with its domestic law. Article 16 Extradition
4. This Article shall apply to the offences covered by this Convention or in cases where an offence referred to in Article 3

(1)(

1. a)or (b), involves an organised criminal group and the person who is the subject of the request for extradition is located in the territory of the requested State Party, provided that the offence for which extradition is sought is punishable under the domestic law of both the requesting State Party and the requested State Party. 2. If the request for extradition includes several separate serious crimes, some of which are not covered by this Article, the requested State Party may apply this Article also in respect of the latter offences. 3. Each of the offences to which this Article applies shall be deemed to be included as an extraditable offence in any extradition treaty existing between States Parties. States Parties undertake to include such offences as extraditable offences in every extradition treaty to be concluded between them. 4. If a State Party that makes extradition conditional on the existence of a treaty receives a request for extradition from another State Party with which it has no extradition treaty, it may consider this Convention the legal basis for extradition in respect of any offence to which this Article applies. 5. States Parties that make extradition conditional on the existence of a treaty shall: (
2. a)at the time of deposit of their instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval of or accession to this Convention, inform the Secretary-General of the United Nations whether they will take this Convention as the legal basis for cooperation on extradition with other States Parties to this Convention; and (
3. b)if they do not take this Convention as the legal basis for cooperation on extradition, seek, where appropriate, to conclude treaties on extradition with other States Parties to this Convention in order to implement this Article. 6. States Parties that do not make extradition conditional on the existence of a treaty shall recognise offences to which this Article applies as extraditable offences between themselves. 7. Extradition shall be subject to the conditions provided for by the domestic law of the requested State Party or by applicable extradition treaties, including, inter alia , conditions in relation to the minimum penalty requirement for extradition and the grounds upon which the requested State Party may refuse extradition. 8. States Parties shall, subject to their domestic law, endeavour to expedite extradition procedures and to simplify evidentiary requirements relating thereto in respect of any offence to which this Article applies. 9. Subject to the provisions of its domestic law and its extradition treaties, the requested State Party may, upon being satisfied that the circumstances so warrant and are urgent and at the request of the requesting State Party, take a person whose extradition is sought and who is present in its territory into custody or take other appropriate measures to ensure his or her presence at extradition proceedings. 10. A State Party in whose territory an alleged offender is found, if it does not extradite such person in respect of an offence to which this Article applies solely on the ground that he or she is one of its nationals, shall, at the request of the State Party seeking extradition, be obliged to submit the case without undue delay to its competent authorities for the purpose of prosecution. Those authorities shall take their decision and conduct their proceedings in the same manner as in the case of any other offence of a grave nature under the domestic law of that State Party. The States Parties concerned shall cooperate with each other, in particular on procedural and evidentiary aspects, to ensure the efficiency of such prosecution. 11. Whenever a State Party is permitted under its domestic law to extradite or otherwise surrender one of its nationals only upon the condition that the person will be returned to that State Party to serve the sentence imposed as a result of the trial or proceedings for which the extradition or surrender of the person was sought and that State Party and the State Party seeking the extradition of the person agree with this option and other terms that they may deem appropriate, such conditional extradition or surrender shall be sufficient to discharge the obligation set forth in paragraph 10 of this Article. 12. If extradition, sought for purposes of enforcing a sentence, is refused because the person sought is a national of the requested State Party, the requested Party shall, if its domestic law so permits and in conformity with the requirements of such law, upon application of the requesting Party, consider the enforcement of the sentence that has been imposed under the domestic law of the requesting Party or the remainder thereof. 13. Any person regarding whom proceedings are being carried out in connection with any of the offences to which this Article applies shall be guaranteed fair treatment at all stages of the proceedings, including enjoyment of all the rights and guarantees provided by the domestic law of the State Party in the territory of which that person is present. 14. Nothing in this Convention shall be interpreted as imposing an obligation to extradite if the requested State Party has substantial grounds for believing that the request has been made for the purpose of prosecuting or punishing a person on account of that person's sex, race, religion, nationality, ethnic origin or political opinions or that compliance with the request would cause prejudice to that person's position for any one of these reasons. 15. States Parties may not refuse a request for extradition on the sole ground that the offence is also considered to involve fiscal matters. 16. Before refusing extradition, the requested State Party shall, where appropriate, consult with the requesting State Party to provide it with ample opportunity to present its opinions and to provide information relevant to its allegation. 17. States Parties shall seek to conclude bilateral and multilateral agreements or arrangements to carry out or to enhance the effectiveness of extradition. Article 17 Transfer of sentenced persons States Parties may consider entering into bilateral or multilateral agreements or arrangements on the transfer to their territory of persons sentenced to imprisonment or other forms of deprivation of liberty for offences covered by this Convention, in order that they may complete their sentences there. Article 18 Mutual legal assistance 1. States Parties shall afford one another the widest measure of mutual legal assistance in investigations, prosecutions and judicial proceedings in relation to the offences covered by this Convention as provided for in Article 3 and shall reciprocally extend to one another similar assistance where the requesting State Party has reasonable grounds to suspect that the offence referred to in Article 3

(1)(

1. a)or (b), is transnational in nature, including that victims, witnesses, proceeds, instrumentalities or evidence of such offences are located in the requested State Party and that the offence involves an organised criminal group. 2. Mutual legal assistance shall be afforded to the fullest extent possible under relevant laws, treaties, agreements and arrangements of the requested State Party with respect to investigations, prosecutions and judicial proceedings in relation to the offences for which a legal person may be held liable in accordance with Article 10 of this Convention in the requesting State Party. 3. Mutual legal assistance to be afforded in accordance with this Article may be requested for any of the following purposes: (
2. a)taking evidence or statements from persons; (
3. b)effecting service of judicial documents; (
4. c)executing searches and seizures, and freezing; (
5. d)examining objects and sites; (
6. e)providing information, evidentiary items and expert evaluations; (
7. f)providing originals or certified copies of relevant documents and records, including government, bank, financial, corporate or business records; (
8. g)identifying or tracing proceeds of crime, property, instrumentalities or other things for evidentiary purposes; (
9. h)facilitating the voluntary appearance of persons in the requesting State Party; (
10. i)any other type of assistance that is not contrary to the domestic law of the requested State Party. 4. Without prejudice to domestic law, the competent authorities of a State Party may, without prior request, transmit information relating to criminal matters to a competent authority in another State Party where they believe that such information could assist the authority in undertaking or successfully concluding inquiries and criminal proceedings or could result in a request formulated by the latter State Party pursuant to this Convention. 5. The transmission of information pursuant to paragraph 4 of this Article shall be without prejudice to inquiries and criminal proceedings in the State of the competent authorities providing the information. The competent authorities receiving the information shall comply with a request that said information remain confidential, even temporarily, or with restrictions on its use. However, this shall not prevent the receiving State Party from disclosing in its proceedings information that is exculpatory to an accused person. In such a case, the receiving State Party shall notify the transmitting State Party prior to the disclosure and, if so requested, consult with the transmitting State Party. If, in an exceptional case, advance notice is not possible, the receiving State Party shall inform the transmitting State Party of the disclosure without delay. 6. The provisions of this Article shall not affect the obligations under any other treaty, bilateral or multilateral, that governs or will govern, in whole or in part, mutual legal assistance. 7. Paragraphs 9 to 29 of this Article shall apply to requests made pursuant to this Article if the States Parties in question are not bound by a treaty of mutual legal assistance. If those States Parties are bound by such a treaty, the corresponding provisions of that treaty shall apply unless the States Parties agree to apply paragraphs 9 to 29 of this Article in lieu thereof. States Parties are strongly encouraged to apply these paragraphs if they facilitate cooperation. 8. States Parties shall not decline to render mutual legal assistance pursuant to this Article on the ground of bank secrecy. 9. States Parties may decline to render mutual legal assistance pursuant to this Article on the ground of absence of dual criminality. However, the requested State Party may, when it deems appropriate, provide assistance, to the extent it decides at its discretion, irrespective of whether the conduct would constitute an offence under the domestic law of the requested State Party. 10. A person who is being detained or is serving a sentence in the territory of one State Party whose presence in another State Party is requested for purposes of identification, testimony or otherwise providing assistance in obtaining evidence for investigations, prosecutions or judicial proceedings in relation to offences covered by this Convention may be transferred if the following conditions are met: (
11. a)the person freely gives his or her informed consent; (
12. b)the competent authorities of both States Parties agree, subject to such conditions as those States Parties may deem appropriate. 11. For the purposes of paragraph 10 of this Article: (
13. a)the State Party to which the person is transferred shall have the authority and obligation to keep the person transferred in custody, unless otherwise requested or authorised by the State Party from which the person was transferred; (
14. b)the State Party to which the person is transferred shall without delay implement its obligation to return the person to the custody of the State Party from which the person was transferred as agreed beforehand, or as otherwise agreed, by the competent authorities of both States Parties; (
15. c)the State Party to which the person is transferred shall not require the State Party from which the person was transferred to initiate extradition proceedings for the return of the person; (
16. d)the person transferred shall receive credit for service of the sentence being served in the State from which he or she was transferred for time spent in the custody of the State Party to which he or she was transferred. 12. Unless the State Party from which a person is to be transferred in accordance with paragraphs 10 and 11 of this Article so agrees, that person, whatever his or her nationality, shall not be prosecuted, detained, punished or subjected to any other restriction of his or her personal liberty in the territory of the State to which that person is transferred in respect of acts, omissions or convictions prior to his or her departure from the territory of the State from which he or she was transferred. 13. Each State Party shall designate a central authority that shall have the responsibility and power to receive requests for mutual legal assistance and either to execute them or to transmit them to the competent authorities for execution. Where a State Party has a special region or territory with a separate system of mutual legal assistance, it may designate a distinct central authority that shall have the same function for that region or territory. Central authorities shall ensure the speedy and proper execution or transmission of the requests received. Where the central authority transmits the request to a competent authority for execution, it shall encourage the speedy and proper execution of the request by the competent authority. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall be notified of the central authority designated for this purpose at the time each State Party deposits its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval of or accession to this Convention. Requests for mutual legal assistance and any communication related thereto shall be transmitted to the central authorities designated by the States Parties. This requirement shall be without prejudice to the right of a State Party to require that such requests and communications be addressed to it through diplomatic channels and, in urgent circumstances, where the States Parties agree, through the International Criminal Police Organisation, if possible. 14. Requests shall be made in writing or, where possible, by any means capable of producing a written record, in a language acceptable to the requested State Party, under conditions allowing that State Party to establish authenticity. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall be notified of the language or languages acceptable to each State Party at the time it deposits its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval of or accession to this Convention. In urgent circumstances and where agreed by the States Parties, requests may be made orally, but shall be confirmed in writing forthwith. 15. A request for mutual legal assistance shall contain: (
17. a)the identity of the authority making the request; (
18. b)the subject matter and nature of the investigation, prosecution or judicial proceeding to which the request relates and the name and functions of the authority conducting the investigation, prosecution or judicial proceeding; (
19. c)a summary of the relevant facts, except in relation to requests for the purpose of service of judicial documents; (
20. d)a description of the assistance sought and details of any particular procedure that the requesting State Party wishes to be followed; (
21. e)where possible, the identity, location and nationality of any person concerned; and (
22. f)the purpose for which the evidence, information or action is sought. 16. The requested State Party may request additional information when it appears necessary for the execution of the request in accordance with its domestic law or when it can facilitate such execution. 17. A request shall be executed in accordance with the domestic law of the requested State Party and, to the extent not contrary to the domestic law of the requested State Party and where possible, in accordance with the procedures specified in the request. 18. Wherever possible and consistent with fundamental principles of domestic law, when an individual is in the territory of a State Party and has to be heard as a witness or expert by the judicial authorities of another State Party, the first State Party may, at the request of the other, permit the hearing to take place by video conference if it is not possible or desirable for the individual in question to appear in person in the territory of the requesting State Party. States Parties may agree that the hearing shall be conducted by a judicial authority of the requesting State Party and attended by a judicial authority of the requested State Party. 19. The requesting State Party shall not transmit or use information or evidence furnished by the requested State Party for investigations, prosecutions or judicial proceedings other than those stated in the request without the prior consent of the requested State Party. Nothing in this paragraph shall prevent the requesting State Party from disclosing in its proceedings information or evidence that is exculpatory to an accused person. In the latter case, the requesting State Party shall notify the requested State Party prior to the disclosure and, if so requested, consult with the requested State Party. If, in an exceptional case, advance notice is not possible, the requesting State Party shall inform the requested State Party of the disclosure without delay. 20. The requesting State Party may require that the requested State Party keep confidential the fact and substance of the request, except to the extent necessary to execute the request. If the requested State Party cannot comply with the requirement of confidentiality, it shall promptly inform the requesting State Party. 21. Mutual legal assistance may be refused: (
23. a)if the request is not made in conformity with the provisions of this Article; (
24. b)if the requested State Party considers that execution of the request is likely to prejudice its sovereignty, security, public order or other essential interests; (
25. c)if the authorities of the requested State Party would be prohibited by its domestic law from carrying out the action requested with regard to any similar offence, had it been subject to investigation, prosecution or judicial proceedings under their own jurisdiction; (
26. d)if it would be contrary to the legal system of the requested State Party relating to mutual legal assistance for the request to be granted. 22. States Parties may not refuse a request for mutual legal assistance on the sole ground that the offence is also considered to involve fiscal matters. 23. Reasons shall be given for any refusal of mutual legal assistance. 24. The requested State Party shall execute the request for mutual legal assistance as soon as possible and shall take as full account as possible of any deadlines suggested by the requesting State Party and for which reasons are given, preferably in the request. The requested State Party shall respond to reasonable requests by the requesting State Party on progress of its handling of the request. The requesting State Party shall promptly inform the requested State Party when the assistance sought is no longer required. 25. Mutual legal assistance may be postponed by the requested State Party on the ground that it interferes with an ongoing investigation, prosecution or judicial proceeding. 26. Before refusing a request pursuant to paragraph 21 of this Article or postponing its execution pursuant to paragraph 25 of this Article, the requested State Party shall consult with the requesting State Party to consider whether assistance may be granted subject to such terms and conditions as it deems necessary. If the requesting State Party accepts assistance subject to those conditions, it shall comply with the conditions. 27. Without prejudice to the application of paragraph 12 of this Article, a witness, expert or other person who, at the request of the requesting State Party, consents to give evidence in a proceeding or to assist in an investigation, prosecution or judicial proceeding in the territory of the requesting State Party shall not be prosecuted, detained, punished or subjected to any other restriction of his or her personal liberty in that territory in respect of acts, omissions or convictions prior to his or her departure from the territory of the requested State Party. Such safe conduct shall cease when the witness, expert or other person having had, for a period of 15 consecutive days or for any period agreed upon by the States Parties from the date on which he or she has been officially informed that his or her presence is no longer required by the judicial authorities, an opportunity of leaving, has nevertheless remained voluntarily in the territory of the requesting State Party or, having left it, has returned of his or her own free will. 28. The ordinary costs of executing a request shall be borne by the requested State Party, unless otherwise agreed by the States Parties concerned. If expenses of a substantial or extraordinary nature are or will be required to fulfil the request, the States Parties shall consult to determine the terms and conditions under which the request will be executed, as well as the manner in which the costs shall be borne. 29. The requested State Party: (
27. a)shall provide to the requesting State Party copies of government records, documents or information in its possession that under its domestic law are available to the general public; (
28. b)may, at its discretion, provide to the requesting State Party in whole, in part or subject to such conditions as it deems appropriate, copies of any government records, documents or information in its possession that under its domestic law are not available to the general public. 30. States Parties shall consider, as may be necessary, the possibility of concluding bilateral or multilateral agreements or arrangements that would serve the purposes of, give practical effect to or enhance the provisions of this Article. Article 19 Joint investigations States Parties shall consider concluding bilateral or multilateral agreements or arrangements whereby, in relation to matters that are the subject of investigations, prosecutions or judicial proceedings in one or more States, the competent authorities concerned may establish joint investigative bodies. In the absence of such agreements or arrangements, joint investigations may be undertaken by agreement on a case-by-case basis. The States Parties involved shall ensure that the sovereignty of the State Party in whose territory such investigation is to take place is fully respected. Article 20 Special investigative techniques 1. If permitted by the basic principles of its domestic legal system, each State Party shall, within its possibilities and under the conditions prescribed by its domestic law, take the necessary measures to allow for the appropriate use of controlled delivery and, where it deems appropriate, for the use of other special investigative techniques, such as electronic or other forms of surveillance and undercover operations, by its competent authorities in its territory for the purpose of effectively combating organised crime. 2. For the purpose of investigating the offences covered by this Convention, States Parties are encouraged to conclude, when necessary, appropriate bilateral or multilateral agreements or arrangements for using such special investigative techniques in the context of cooperation at the international level. Such agreements or arrangements shall be concluded and implemented in full compliance with the principle of sovereign equality of States and shall be carried out strictly in accordance with the terms of those agreements or arrangements. 3. In the absence of an agreement or arrangement as set forth in paragraph 2 of this Article, decisions to use such special investigative techniques at the international level shall be made on a case-by-case basis and may, when necessary, take into consideration financial arrangements and understandings with respect to the exercise of jurisdiction by the States Parties concerned. 4. Decisions to use controlled delivery at the international level may, with the consent of the States Parties concerned, include methods such as intercepting and allowing the goods to continue intact or be removed or replaced in whole or in part. Article 21 Transfer of criminal proceedings States Parties shall consider the possibility of transferring to one another proceedings for the prosecution of an offence covered by this Convention in cases where such transfer is considered to be in the interests of the proper administration of justice, in particular in cases where several jurisdictions are involved, with a view to concentrating the prosecution. Article 22 Establishment of criminal record Each State Party may adopt such legislative or other measures as may be necessary to take into consideration, under such terms as and for the purpose that it deems appropriate, any previous conviction in another State of an alleged offender for the purpose of using such information in criminal proceedings relating to an offence covered by this Convention. Article 23 Criminalisation of obstruction of justice Each State Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to establish as criminal offences, when committed intentionally: (
29. a)the use of physical force, threats or intimidation or the promise, offering or giving of an undue advantage to induce false testimony or to interfere in the giving of testimony or the production of evidence in a proceeding in relation to the commission of offences covered by this Convention; (
30. b)the use of physical force, threats or intimidation to interfere with the exercise of official duties by a justice or law enforcement official in relation to the commission of offences covered by this Convention. Nothing in this subparagraph shall prejudice the right of States Parties to have legislation that protects other categories of public officials. Article 24 Protection of witnesses 1. Each State Party shall take appropriate measures within its means to provide effective protection from potential retaliation or intimidation for witnesses in criminal proceedings who give testimony concerning offences covered by this Convention and, as appropriate, for their relatives and other persons close to them. 2. The measures envisaged in paragraph 1 of this Article may include, inter alia , without prejudice to the rights of the defendant, including the right to due process: (
31. a)establishing procedures for the physical protection of such persons, such as, to the extent necessary and feasible, relocating them and permitting, where appropriate, non-disclosure or limitations on the disclosure of information concerning the identity and whereabouts of such persons; (
32. b)providing evidentiary rules to permit witness testimony to be given in a manner that ensures the safety of the witness, such as permitting testimony to be given through the use of communications technology such as video links or other adequate means. 3. States Parties shall consider entering into agreements or arrangements with other States for the relocation of persons referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article. 4. The provisions of this Article shall also apply to victims in so far as they are witnesses. Article 25 Assistance to and protection of victims 1. Each State Party shall take appropriate measures within its means to provide assistance and protection to victims of offences covered by this Convention, in particular in cases of threat of retaliation or intimidation. 2. Each State Party shall establish appropriate procedures to provide access to compensation and restitution for victims of offences covered by this Convention. 3. Each State Party shall, subject to its domestic law, enable views and concerns of victims to be presented and considered at appropriate stages of criminal proceedings against offenders in a manner not prejudicial to the rights of the defence. Article 26 Measures to enhance cooperation with law enforcement authorities 1. Each State Party shall take appropriate measures to encourage persons who participate or who have participated in organised criminal groups: (
33. a)to supply information useful to competent authorities for investigative and evidentiary purposes on such matters as: (
34. i)the identity, nature, composition, structure, location or activities of organised criminal groups; (
35. ii)links, including international links, with other organised criminal groups; (iii) offences that organised criminal groups have committed or may commit; (
36. b)to provide factual, concrete help to competent authorities that may contribute to depriving organised criminal groups of their resources or of the proceeds of crime. 2. Each State Party shall consider providing for the possibility, in appropriate cases, of mitigating punishment of an accused person who provides substantial cooperation in the investigation or prosecution of an offence covered by this Convention. 3. Each State Party shall consider providing for the possibility, in accordance with fundamental principles of its domestic law, of granting immunity from prosecution to a person who provides substantial cooperation in the investigation or prosecution of an offence covered by this Convention. 4. Protection of such persons shall be as provided for in Article 24 of this Convention. 5. Where a person referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article located in one State Party can provide substantial cooperation to the competent authorities of another State Party, the States Parties concerned may consider entering into agreements or arrangements, in accordance with their domestic law, concerning the potential provision by the other State Party of the treatment set forth in paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Article. Article 27 Law enforcement cooperation 1. States Parties shall cooperate closely with one another, consistent with their respective domestic legal and administrative systems, to enhance the effectiveness of law enforcement action to combat the offences covered by this Convention. Each State Party shall, in particular, adopt effective measures: (
37. a)to enhance and, where necessary, to establish channels of communication between their competent authorities, agencies and services in order to facilitate the secure and rapid exchange of information concerning all aspects of the offences covered by this Convention, including, if the States Parties concerned deem it appropriate, links with other criminal activities; (
38. b)to cooperate with other States Parties in conducting inquiries with respect to offences covered by this Convention concerning: (
39. i)the identity, whereabouts and activities of persons suspected of involvement in such offences or the location of other persons concerned; (
40. ii)the movement of proceeds of crime or property derived from the commission of such offences; (iii) the movement of property, equipment or other instrumentalities used or intended for use in the commission of such offences; (
41. c)to provide, when appropriate, necessary items or quantities of substances for analytical or investigative purposes; (
42. d)to facilitate effective coordination between their competent authorities, agencies and services and to promote the exchange of personnel and other experts, including, subject to bilateral agreements or arrangements between the States Parties concerned, the posting of liaison officers; (
43. e)to exchange information with other States Parties on specific means and methods used by organised criminal groups, including, where applicable, routes and conveyances and the use of false identities, altered or false documents or other means of concealing their activities; (
44. f)to exchange information and coordinate administrative and other measures taken as appropriate for the purpose of early identification of the offences covered by this Convention. 2. With a view to giving effect to this Convention, States Parties shall consider entering into bilateral or multilateral agreements or arrangements on direct cooperation between their law enforcement agencies and, where such agreements or arrangements already exist, amending them. In the absence of such agreements or arrangements between the States Parties concerned, the Parties may consider this Convention as the basis for mutual law enforcement cooperation in respect of the offences covered by this Convention. Whenever appropriate, States Parties shall make full use of agreements or arrangements, including international or regional organisations, to enhance the cooperation between their law enforcement agencies. 3. States Parties shall endeavour to cooperate within their means to respond to transnational organised crime committed through the use of modern technology. Article 28 Collection, exchange and analysis of information on the nature of organised crime 1. Each State Party shall consider analysing, in consultation with the scientific and academic communities, trends in organised crime in its territory, the circumstances in which organised crime operates, as well as the professional groups and technologies involved. 2. States Parties shall consider developing and sharing analytical expertise concerning organised criminal activities with each other and through international and regional organisations. For that purpose, common definitions, standards and methodologies should be developed and applied as appropriate. 3. Each State Party shall consider monitoring its policies and actual measures to combat organised crime and making assessments of their effectiveness and efficiency. Article 29 Training and technical assistance 1. Each State Party shall, to the extent necessary, initiate, develop or improve specific training programmes for its law enforcement personnel, including prosecutors, investigating magistrates and customs personnel, and other personnel charged with the prevention, detection and control of the offences covered by this Convention. Such programmes may include secondments and exchanges of staff. Such programmes shall deal, in particular and to the extent permitted by domestic law, with the following: (
45. a)methods used in the prevention, detection and control of the offences covered by this Convention; (
46. b)routes and techniques used by persons suspected of involvement in offences covered by this Convention, including in transit States, and appropriate countermeasures; (
47. c)monitoring of the movement of contraband; (
48. d)detection and monitoring of the movements of proceeds of crime, property, equipment or other instrumentalities and methods used for the transfer, concealment or disguise of such proceeds, property, equipment or other instrumentalities, as well as methods used in combating money-laundering and other financial crimes; (
49. e)collection of evidence; (
50. f)control techniques in free trade zones and free ports; (
51. g)modern law enforcement equipment and techniques, including electronic surveillance, controlled deliveries and undercover operations; (
52. h)methods used in combating transnational organised crime committed through the use of computers, telecommunications networks or other forms of modern technology; and (
53. i)methods used in the protection of victims and witnesses. 2. States Parties shall assist one another in planning and implementing research and training programmes designed to share expertise in the areas referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article and to that end shall also, when appropriate, use regional and international conferences and seminars to promote cooperation and to stimulate discussion on problems of mutual concern, including the special problems and needs of transit States. 3. States Parties shall promote training and technical assistance that will facilitate extradition and mutual legal assistance. Such training and technical assistance may include language training, secondments and exchanges between personnel in central authorities or agencies with relevant responsibilities. 4. In the case of existing bilateral and multilateral agreements or arrangements, States Parties shall strengthen, to the extent necessary, efforts to maximise operational and training activities within international and regional organisations and within other relevant bilateral and multilateral agreements or arrangements. Article 30 Other measures: implementation of the Convention through economic development and technical assistance 1. States Parties shall take measures conducive to the optimal implementation of this Convention to the extent possible, through international cooperation, taking into account the negative effects of organised crime on society in general, in particular on sustainable development. 2. States Parties shall make concrete efforts to the extent possible and in coordination with each other, as well as with international and regional organisations: (
54. a)to enhance their cooperation at various levels with developing countries, with a view to strengthening the capacity of the latter to prevent and combat transnational organised crime; (
55. b)to enhance financial and material assistance to support the efforts of developing countries to fight transnational organised crime effectively and to help them implement this Convention successfully; (
56. c)to provide technical assistance to developing countries and countries with economies in transition to assist them in meeting their needs for the implementation of this Convention. To that end, States Parties shall endeavour to make adequate and regular voluntary contributions to an account specifically designated for that purpose in a United Nations funding mechanism. States Parties may also give special consideration, in accordance with their domestic law and the provisions of this Convention, to contributing to the aforementioned account a percentage of the money or of the corresponding value of proceeds of crime or property confiscated in accordance with the provisions of this Convention; (
57. d)to encourage and persuade other States and financial institutions as appropriate to join them in efforts in accordance with this Article, in particular by providing more training programmes and modern equipment to developing countries in order to assist them in achieving the objectives of this Convention. 3. To the extent possible, these measures shall be without prejudice to existing foreign assistance commitments or to other financial cooperation arrangements at the bilateral, regional or international level. 4. States Parties may conclude bilateral or multilateral agreements or arrangements on material and logistical assistance, taking into consideration the financial arrangements necessary for the means of international cooperation provided for by this Convention to be effective and for the prevention, detection and control of transnational organised crime. Article 31 Prevention 1. States Parties shall endeavour to develop and evaluate national projects and to establish and promote best practices and policies aimed at the prevention of transnational organised crime. 2. States Parties shall endeavour, in accordance with fundamental principles of their domestic law, to reduce existing or future opportunities for organised criminal groups to participate in lawful markets with proceeds of crime, through appropriate legislative, administrative or other measures. These measures should focus on: (
58. a)the strengthening of cooperation between law enforcement agencies or prosecutors and relevant private entities, including industry; (
59. b)the promotion of the development of standards and procedures designed to safeguard the integrity of public and relevant private entities, as well as codes of conduct for relevant professions, in particular lawyers, notaries public, tax consultants and accountants; (
60. c)the prevention of the misuse by organised criminal groups of tender procedures conducted by public authorities and of subsidies and licences granted by public authorities for commercial activity; (
61. d)the prevention of the misuse of legal persons by organised criminal groups; such measures could include: (
62. i)the establishment of public records on legal and natural persons involved in the establishment, management and funding of legal persons; (
63. ii)the introduction of the possibility of disqualifying by court order or any appropriate means for a reasonable period of time persons convicted of offences covered by this Convention from acting as directors of legal persons incorporated within their jurisdiction; (iii) the establishment of national records of persons disqualified from acting as directors of legal persons; and (
64. iv)the exchange of information contained in the records referred to in subparagraphs (d)(
65. i)and (iii) of this paragraph with the competent authorities of other States Parties. 3. States Parties shall endeavour to promote the reintegration into society of persons convicted of offences covered by this Convention. 4. States Parties shall endeavour to evaluate periodically existing relevant legal instruments and administrative practices with a view to detecting their vulnerability to misuse by organised criminal groups. 5. States Parties shall endeavour to promote public awareness regarding the existence, causes and gravity of and the threat posed by transnational organised crime. Information may be disseminated where appropriate through the mass media and shall include measures to promote public participation in preventing and combating such crime. 6. Each State Party shall inform the Secretary-General of the United Nations of the name and address of the authority or authorities that can assist other States Parties in developing measures to prevent transnational organised crime. 7. States Parties shall, as appropriate, collaborate with each other and relevant international and regional organisations in promoting and developing the measures referred to in this Article. This includes participation in international projects aimed at the prevention of transnational organised crime, for example by alleviating the circumstances that render socially marginalised groups vulnerable to the action of transnational organised crime. Article 32 Conference of the Parties to the Convention 1. A Conference of the Parties to the Convention is hereby established to improve the capacity of States Parties to combat transnational organised crime and to promote and review the implementation of this Convention. 2. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall convene the Conference of the Parties not later than one year following the entry into force of this Convention. The Conference of the Parties shall adopt rules of procedure and rules governing the activities set forth in paragraphs 3 and 4 of this Article (including rules concerning payment of expenses incurred in carrying out those activities). 3. The Conference of the Parties shall agree upon mechanisms for achieving the objectives mentioned in paragraph 1 of this Article, including: (
66. a)facilitating activities by States Parties under Articles 29, 30 and 31 of this Convention, including by encouraging the mobilisation of voluntary contributions; (
67. b)facilitating the exchange of information among States Parties on patterns and trends in transnational organised crime and on successful practices for combating it; (
68. c)cooperating with relevant international and regional organisations and non-governmental organisations; (
69. d)reviewing periodically the implementation of this Convention; (
70. e)making recommendations to improve this Convention and its implementation. 4. For the purpose of paragraphs 3 (
71. d)and (
72. e)of this Article, the Conference of the Parties shall acquire the necessary knowledge of the measures taken by States Parties in implementing this Convention and the difficulties encountered by them in doing so through information provided by them and through such supplemental review mechanisms as may be established by the Conference of the Parties. 5. Each State Party shall provide the Conference of the Parties with information on its programmes, plans and practices, as well as legislative and administrative measures to implement this Convention, as required by the Conference of the Parties. Article 33 Secretariat 1. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall provide the necessary secretariat services to the Conference of the Parties to the Convention. 2. The secretariat shall: (
73. a)assist the Conference of the Parties in carrying out the activities set forth in Article 32 of this Convention and make arrangements and provide the necessary services for the sessions of the Conference of the Parties; (
74. b)upon request, assist States Parties in providing information to the Conference of the Parties as envisaged in Article 32

(5), of this Convention; and (c) ensure the necessary coordination with the secretariats of relevant international and regional organisations. Article 34 Implementation of the Convention

1. Each State Party shall take the necessary measures, including legislative and administrative measures, in accordance with fundamental principles of its domestic law, to ensure the implementation of its obligations under this Convention.
2. The offences established in accordance with Articles 5, 6, 8 and 23 of this Convention shall be established in the domestic law of each State Party independently of the transnational nature or the involvement of an organised criminal group as described in Article 3

(1), of this Convention, except to the extent that Article 5 of this Convention would require the involvement of an organised criminal group. 3. Each State Party may adopt more strict or severe measures than those provided for by this Convention for preventing and combating transnational organised crime. Article 35 Settlement of disputes l. States Parties shall endeavour to settle disputes concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention through negotiation. 2. Any dispute between two or more States Parties concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention that cannot be settled through negotiation within a reasonable time shall, at the request of one of those States Parties, be submitted to arbitration. If, six months after the date of the request for arbitration, those States Parties are unable to agree on the organisation of the arbitration, any one of those States Parties may refer the dispute to the International Court of Justice by request in accordance with the Statute of the Court. 3. Each State Party may, at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance or approval of or accession to this Convention, declare that it does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2 of this Article. The other States Parties shall not be bound by paragraph 2 of this Article with respect to any State Party that has made such a reservation. 4. Any State Party that has made a reservation in accordance with paragraph 3 of this Article may at any time withdraw that reservation by notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Article 36 Signature, ratification, acceptance, approval and accession 1. This Convention shall be open to all States for signature from 12 to 15 December 2000 in Palermo, Italy, and thereafter at United Nations Headquarters in New York until 12 December 2002 . 2. This Convention shall also be open for signature by regional economic integration organisations provided that at least one Member State of such organisation has signed this Convention in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article. 3. This Convention is subject to ratification, acceptance or approval. Instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. A regional economic integration organisation may deposit its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval if at least one of its Member States has done likewise. In that instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval, such organisation shall declare the extent of its competence with respect to the matters governed by this Convention. Such organisation shall also inform the depositary of any relevant modification in the extent of its competence. 4. This Convention is open for accession by any State or any regional economic integration organisation of which at least one Member State is a Party to this Convention. Instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. At the time of its accession, a regional economic integration organisation shall declare the extent of its competence with respect to matters governed by this Convention. Such organisation shall also inform the depositary of any relevant modification in the extent of its competence. Article 37 Relation with protocols 1. This Convention may be supplemented by one or more protocols. 2. In order to become a Party to a protocol, a State or a regional economic integration organisation must also be a Party to this Convention. 3. A State Party to this Convention is not bound by a protocol unless it becomes a Party to the protocol in accordance with the provisions thereof. 4. Any protocol to this Convention shall be interpreted together with this Convention, taking into account the purpose of that protocol. Article 38 Entry into force 1. This Convention shall enter into force on the 19th day after the date of deposit of the 40th instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. For the purpose of this paragraph, any instrument deposited by a regional economic integration organisation shall not be counted as additional to those deposited by Member States of such organisation. 2. For each State or regional economic integration organisation ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to this Convention after the deposit of the 40th instrument of such action, this Convention shall enter into force on the 30th day after the date of deposit by such State or organisation of the relevant instrument. Article 39 Amendment 1. After the expiry of five years from the entry into force of this Convention, a State Party may propose an amendment and file it with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall thereupon communicate the proposed amendment to the States Parties and to the Conference of the Parties to the Convention for the purpose of considering and deciding on the proposal. The Conference of the Parties shall make every effort to achieve consensus on each amendment. If all efforts at consensus have been exhausted and no agreement has been reached, the amendment shall, as a last resort, require for its adoption a two-thirds majority vote of the States Parties present and voting at the meeting of the Conference of the Parties. 2. Regional economic integration organisations, in matters within their competence, shall exercise their right to vote under this Article with a number of votes equal to the number of their Member States that are Parties to this Convention. Such organisations shall not exercise their right to vote if their Member States exercise theirs and vice versa. 3. An amendment adopted in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article is subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by States Parties. 4. An amendment adopted in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article shall enter into force in respect of a State Party 90 days after the date of the deposit with the Secretary-General of the United Nations of an instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval of such amendment. 5. When an amendment enters into force, it shall be binding on those States Parties which have expressed their consent to be bound by it. Other States Parties shall still be bound by the provisions of this Convention and any earlier amendments that they have ratified, accepted or approved. Article 40 Denunciation 1. A State Party may denounce this Convention by written notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Such denunciation shall become effective one year after the date of receipt of the notification by the Secretary-General. 2. A regional economic integration organisation shall cease to be a Party to this Convention when all of its Member States have denounced it. 3. Denunciation of this Convention in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article shall entail the denunciation of any protocols thereto. Article 41 Depositary and languages 1. The Secretary-General of the United Nations is designated depositary of this Convention. 2. The original of this Convention, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned plenipotentiaries, being duly authorised thereto by their respective Governments, have signed this Convention. Convention des Nations unies contre la criminalitł transnationale organisłe Article premier Objet L'objet de la prłsente convention est de promouvoir la coopłration afin de prłvenir et de combattre plus efficacement la criminalitł transnationale organisłe. Article 2 Terminologie Aux fins de la prłsente convention:

1. a)l'expression ėgroupe criminel organisł» dłsigne un groupe structurł de trois personnes ou plus existant depuis un certain temps et agissant de concert dans le but de commettre une ou plusieurs infractions graves ou infractions łtablies conformłment š la prłsente convention, pour en tirer, directement ou indirectement, un avantage financier ou un autre avantage matłriel;
2. b)l'expression ėinfraction grave» dłsigne un acte constituant une infraction passible d'une peine privative de libertł dont le maximum ne doit pas śtre infłrieur š quatre ans ou d'une peine plus lourde;
3. c)l'expression ėgroupe structurł» dłsigne un groupe qui ne s'est pas constituł au hasard pour commettre immłdiatement une infraction et qui n'a pas nłcessairement de rĮles formellement dłfinis pour ses membres, de continuitł dans sa composition ou de structure łlaborłe;
4. d)le terme ėbiens» dłsigne tous les types d'avoirs, corporels ou incorporels, meubles ou immeubles, tangibles ou intangibles, ainsi que les actes juridiques ou documents attestant la propriłtł de ces avoirs ou les droits y relatifs;
5. e)l'expression ėproduit du crime» dłsigne tout bien provenant directement ou indirectement de la commission d'une infraction ou obtenu directement ou indirectement en la commettant;
6. f)les termes ėgel» ou ėsaisie» dłsignent l'interdiction temporaire du transfert, de la conversion, de la disposition ou du mouvement de biens, ou le fait d'assumer temporairement la garde ou le contrĮle de biens sur dłcision d'un tribunal ou d'une autre autoritł compłtente;
7. g)le terme ėconfiscation» dłsigne la dłpossession permanente de biens sur dłcision d'un tribunal ou d'une autre autoritł compłtente;
8. h)l'expression ėinfraction principale» dłsigne toute infraction š la suite de laquelle un produit est głnłrł, qui est susceptible de devenir l'objet d'une infraction dłfinie š l'article 6 de la prłsente convention;
9. i)l'expression ėlivraison surveillłe» dłsigne la młthode consistant š permettre le passage par le territoire d'un ou de plusieurs États d'expłditions illicites ou suspectłes de l'śtre, au su et sous le contrĮle des autoritłs compłtentes de ces États, en vue d'enquśter sur une infraction et d'identifier les personnes impliqułes dans sa commission;
10. j)l'expression ėorganisation rłgionale d'intłgration łconomique» dłsigne toute organisation constitułe par des États souverains d'une rłgion donnłe, š laquelle ses États membres ont transfłrł des compłtences en ce qui concerne les questions rłgies par la prłsente convention et qui a łtł dūment mandatłe, conformłment š ses procłdures internes, pour signer, ratifier, accepter, approuver ladite convention ou y adhłrer; les rłfłrences dans la prłsente convention aux ėÉtats parties» sont applicables š ces organisations dans la limite de leur compłtence. Article 3 Champ d'application 1. La prłsente convention s'applique, sauf disposition contraire, š la prłvention, aux enquśtes et aux poursuites concernant:
11. a)les infractions łtablies conformłment aux articles 5, 6, 8 et 23 de la prłsente convention, et
12. b)les infractions graves telles que dłfinies š l'article 2 de la prłsente convention; lorsque ces infractions sont de nature transnationale et qu'un groupe criminel organisł y est impliquł. 2. Aux fins du paragraphe 1, une infraction est de nature transnationale si:
13. a)elle est commise dans plus d'un État;
14. b)elle est commise dans un État mais qu'une partie substantielle de sa prłparation, de sa planification, de sa conduite ou de son contrĮle a lieu dans un autre État;
15. c)elle est commise dans un État mais implique un groupe criminel organisł qui se livre š des activitłs criminelles dans plus d'un État, ou
16. d)elle est commise dans un État mais a des effets substantiels dans un autre État. Article 4 Protection de la souverainetł 1. Les États parties exłcutent leurs obligations au titre de la prłsente convention d'une maniųre compatible avec les principes de l'łgalitł souveraine et de l'intłgritł territoriale des États et avec celui de la non-intervention dans les affaires intłrieures d'autres États. 2. Aucune disposition de la prłsente convention n'habilite un État partie š exercer sur le territoire d'un autre État une compłtence et des fonctions qui sont exclusivement rłservłes aux autoritłs de cet autre État par son droit interne. Article 5 Incrimination de la participation š un groupe criminel organisł 1. Chaque État partie adopte les mesures lłgislatives et autres nłcessaires pour confłrer le caractųre d'infraction płnale, lorsque commis intentionnellement:
17. a)š l'un ou l'autre des actes suivants, ou aux deux, en tant qu'infractions płnales distinctes de celles impliquant une tentative d'activitł criminelle ou sa consommation:
18. i)au fait de s'entendre avec une ou plusieurs personnes en vue de commettre une infraction grave š une fin liłe directement ou indirectement š l'obtention d'un avantage financier ou autre avantage matłriel et, lorsque le droit interne l'exige, impliquant un acte commis par un des participants en vertu de cette entente ou impliquant un groupe criminel organisł;
19. ii)š la participation active d'une personne ayant connaissance, soit du but et de l'activitł criminelle głnłrale d'un groupe criminel organisł, soit de son intention de commettre les infractions en question: a. aux activitłs criminelles du groupe criminel organisł; b. š d'autres activitłs du groupe criminel organisł lorsque cette personne sait que sa participation contribuera š la rłalisation du but criminel susmentionnł;
20. b)au fait d'organiser, de diriger, de faciliter, d'encourager ou de favoriser au moyen d'une aide ou de conseils la commission d'une infraction grave impliquant un groupe criminel organisł. 2. La connaissance, l'intention, le but, la motivation ou l'entente visłs au paragraphe 1 peuvent śtre dłduits de circonstances factuelles objectives. 3. Les États parties dont le droit interne subordonne l'łtablissement des infractions visłes au paragraphe 1, point
21. a)i), š l'implication d'un groupe criminel organisł veillent š ce que leur droit interne couvre toutes les infractions graves impliquant des groupes criminels organisłs. Ces États parties, de mśme que les États parties dont le droit interne subordonne l'łtablissement des infractions visłes au paragraphe 1, point
22. a)i), š la commission d'un acte en vertu de l'entente, portent cette information š la connaissance du secrłtaire głnłral de l'Organisation des Nations unies au moment oų ils signent la prłsente convention ou dłposent leurs instruments de ratification, d'acceptation ou d'approbation ou d'adhłsion. Article 6 Incrimination du blanchiment du produit du crime 1. Chaque État partie adopte, conformłment aux principes fondamentaux de son droit interne, les mesures lłgislatives et autres nłcessaires pour confłrer le caractųre d'infraction płnale, lorsque l'acte a łtł commis intentionnellement:
23. a)
24. i)š la conversion ou au transfert de biens dont celui qui s'y livre sait qu'ils sont le produit du crime, dans le but de dissimuler ou de dłguiser l'origine illicite desdits biens ou d'aider toute personne qui est impliqułe dans la commission de l'infraction principale š łchapper aux consłquences juridiques de ses actes;
25. ii)š la dissimulation ou au dłguisement de la nature vłritable, de l'origine, de l'emplacement, de la disposition, du mouvement ou de la propriłtł de biens ou de droits y relatifs dont l'auteur sait qu'ils sont le produit du crime;
26. b)et, sous rłserve des concepts fondamentaux de son systųme juridique:
27. i)š l'acquisition, š la dłtention ou š l'utilisation de biens dont celui qui les acquiert, les dłtient ou les utilise sait, au moment oų il les re÷oit, qu'ils sont le produit du crime;
28. ii)š la participation š l'une des infractions łtablies conformłment au prłsent article ou š toute autre association, entente, tentative ou complicitł par fourniture d'une assistance, d'une aide ou de conseils en vue de sa commission. 2. Aux fins de l'application du paragraphe 1:
29. a)chaque État partie s'efforce d'appliquer le paragraphe 1 š l'łventail le plus large d'infractions principales;
30. b)chaque État partie inclut dans les infractions principales toutes les infractions graves telles que dłfinies š l'article 2 de la prłsente convention et les infractions łtablies conformłment š ses articles 5, 8 et 23. S'agissant des États parties dont la lłgislation contient une liste d'infractions principales spłcifiques, ceux-ci incluent dans cette liste, au minimum, un łventail complet d'infractions liłes š des groupes criminels organisłs;
31. c)aux fins du point
32. b), les infractions principales incluent les infractions commises š l'intłrieur et š l'extłrieur du territoire relevant de la compłtence de l'État partie en question. Toutefois, une infraction commise š l'extłrieur du territoire relevant de la compłtence d'un État partie ne constitue une infraction principale que lorsque l'acte correspondant est une infraction płnale en vertu du droit interne de l'État oų il a łtł commis et constituerait une infraction płnale en vertu du droit interne de l'État partie appliquant le prłsent article s'il avait łtł commis sur son territoire;
33. d)chaque État partie remet au secrłtaire głnłral de l'Organisation des Nations unies une copie de ses lois qui donnent effet au prłsent article, ainsi qu'une copie de toute modification ultłrieurement apportłe š ces lois ou une description de ces lois et modifications ultłrieures;
34. e)lorsque les principes fondamentaux du droit interne d'un État partie l'exigent, il peut śtre disposł que les infractions łnoncłes au paragraphe 1 ne s'appliquent pas aux personnes qui ont commis l'infraction principale;
35. f)la connaissance, l'intention ou la motivation, en tant qu'łlłments constitutifs d'une infraction łnoncłe au paragraphe 1, peuvent śtre dłduites de circonstances factuelles objectives. Article 7 Mesures de lutte contre le blanchiment d'argent 1. Chaque État partie:
36. a)institue un rłgime interne complet de rłglementation et de contrĮle des banques et institutions financiųres non bancaires, ainsi que, le cas łchłant, des autres entitłs particuliųrement exposłes au blanchiment d'argent, dans les limites de sa compłtence, afin de prłvenir et de dłtecter toutes formes de blanchiment d'argent, lequel rłgime met l'accent sur les exigences en matiųre d'identification des clients, d'enregistrement des opłrations et de dłclaration des opłrations suspectes;
37. b)s'assure, sans prłjudice des articles 18 et 27 de la prłsente convention, que les autoritłs administratives, de rłglementation, de dłtection et de rłpression et autres, chargłes de la lutte contre le blanchiment d'argent (y compris, quand son droit interne le prłvoit, les autoritłs judiciaires) sont en mesure de coopłrer et d'łchanger des informations aux niveaux national et international, dans les conditions dłfinies par son droit interne et, š cette fin, envisage la crłation d'un service de renseignement financier qui fera office de centre national de collecte, d'analyse et de diffusion d'informations concernant d'łventuelles opłrations de blanchiment d'argent. 2. Les États parties envisagent de mettre en oeuvre des mesures rłalisables de dłtection et de surveillance du mouvement transfrontiųre d'espųces et de titres nłgociables appropriłs, sous rłserve de garanties permettant d'assurer une utilisation correcte des informations et sans entraver d'aucune fa÷on la circulation des capitaux licites. Il peut śtre notamment fait obligation aux particuliers et aux entreprises de signaler les transferts transfrontiųres de quantitłs importantes d'espųces et de titres nłgociables appropriłs. 3. Lorsqu'ils instituent un rłgime interne de rłglementation et de contrĮle aux termes du prłsent article, et sans prłjudice de tout autre article de la prłsente convention, les États parties sont invitłs š prendre pour lignes directrices les initiatives pertinentes prises par les organisations rłgionales, interrłgionales et multilatłrales pour lutter contre le blanchiment d'argent. 4. Les États parties s'efforcent de dłvelopper et de promouvoir la coopłration mondiale, rłgionale, sous-rłgionale et bilatłrale entre les autoritłs judiciaires, les services de dłtection et de rłpression et les autoritłs de rłglementation financiųre en vue de lutter contre le blanchiment d'argent. Article 8 Incrimination de la corruption 1. Chaque État partie adopte les mesures lłgislatives et autres nłcessaires pour confłrer le caractųre d'infraction płnale, lorsque les actes ont łtł commis intentionnellement:
38. a)au fait de promettre, d'offrir ou d'accorder š un agent public, directement ou indirectement, un avantage indu, pour lui-mśme ou pour une autre personne ou entitł, afin qu'il accomplisse ou s'abstienne d'accomplir un acte dans l'exercice de ses fonctions officielles;
39. b)au fait pour un agent public de solliciter ou d'accepter, directement ou indirectement, un avantage indu pour lui-mśme ou pour une autre personne ou entitł, afin d'accomplir ou de s'abstenir d'accomplir un acte dans l'exercice de ses fonctions officielles. 2. Chaque État partie envisage d'adopter les mesures lłgislatives et autres nłcessaires pour confłrer le caractųre d'infraction płnale aux actes visłs au paragraphe 1, impliquant un agent public łtranger ou un fonctionnaire international. De mśme, chaque État partie envisage de confłrer le caractųre d'infraction płnale š d'autres formes de corruption. 3. Chaque État partie adopte łgalement les mesures nłcessaires pour confłrer le caractųre d'infraction płnale au fait de se rendre complice d'une infraction łtablie conformłment au prłsent article. 4. Aux fins du paragraphe 1 et de l'article 9 de la prłsente convention, le terme ėagent public» dłsigne un agent public ou une personne assurant un service public, tel que ce terme est dłfini dans le droit interne et appliquł dans le droit płnal de l'État partie oų la personne en question exerce cette fonction. Article 9 Mesures contre la corruption 1. Outre les mesures łnoncłes š l'article 8 de la prłsente convention, chaque État partie, selon qu'il convient et conformłment š son systųme juridique, adopte des mesures efficaces d'ordre lłgislatif, administratif ou autre pour promouvoir l'intłgritł et prłvenir, dłtecter et punir la corruption des agents publics. 2. Chaque État partie prend des mesures pour s'assurer que ses autoritłs agissent efficacement en matiųre de prłvention, de dłtection et de rłpression de la corruption des agents publics, y compris en leur donnant une indłpendance suffisante pour empścher toute influence inappropriłe sur leurs actions. Article 10 Responsabilitł des personnes morales 1. Chaque État partie adopte les mesures nłcessaires, conformłment š ses principes juridiques, pour łtablir la responsabilitł des personnes morales qui participent š des infractions graves impliquant un groupe criminel organisł et qui commettent les infractions łtablies conformłment aux articles 5, 6, 8 et 23 de la prłsente convention. 2. Sous rłserve des principes juridiques de l'État partie, la responsabilitł des personnes morales peut śtre płnale, civile ou administrative. 3. Cette responsabilitł est sans prłjudice de la responsabilitł płnale des personnes physiques qui ont commis les infractions. 4. Chaque État partie veille, en particulier, š ce que les personnes morales tenues responsables conformłment au prłsent article fassent l'objet de sanctions efficaces, proportionnłes et dissuasives de nature płnale ou non płnale, y compris de sanctions płcuniaires. Article 11 Poursuites judiciaires, jugement et sanctions 1. Chaque État partie rend la commission d'une infraction łtablie conformłment aux articles 5, 6, 8 et 23 de la prłsente convention passible de sanctions qui tiennent compte de la gravitł de cette infraction. 2. Chaque État partie s'efforce de faire en sorte que tout pouvoir judiciaire discrłtionnaire confłrł par son droit interne et affłrent aux poursuites judiciaires engagłes contre des individus pour des infractions visłes par la prłsente convention soit exercł de fa÷on š optimiser l'efficacitł des mesures de dłtection et de rłpression de ces infractions, compte dūment tenu de la nłcessitł d'exercer un effet dissuasif en ce qui concerne leur commission. 3. S'agissant d'infractions łtablies conformłment aux articles 5, 6, 8 et 23 de la prłsente convention, chaque État partie prend les mesures appropriłes conformłment š son droit interne et compte dūment tenu des droits de la dłfense, pour faire en sorte que les conditions auxquelles sont subordonnłes les dłcisions de mise en libertł dans l'attente du jugement ou de la procłdure d'appel tiennent compte de la nłcessitł d'assurer la prłsence du dłfendeur lors de la procłdure płnale ultłrieure. 4. Chaque État partie s'assure que ses tribunaux ou autres autoritłs compłtentes ont š l'esprit la gravitł des infractions visłes par la prłsente convention lorsqu'ils envisagent l'łventualitł d'une libłration anticipłe ou conditionnelle de personnes reconnues coupables de ces infractions. 5. Lorsqu'il y a lieu, chaque État partie dłtermine, dans le cadre de son droit interne, une płriode de prescription prolongłe au cours de laquelle des poursuites peuvent śtre engagłes du chef d'une des infractions visłes par la prłsente convention, cette płriode łtant plus longue lorsque l'auteur prłsumł de l'infraction s'est soustrait š la justice. 6. Aucune disposition de la prłsente convention ne porte atteinte au principe selon lequel la dłfinition des infractions łtablies conformłment š celle-ci et des moyens juridiques de dłfense applicables ainsi que d'autres principes juridiques rłgissant la lłgalitł des incriminations relųve exclusivement du droit interne d'un État partie et selon lequel lesdites infractions sont poursuivies et punies conformłment au droit de cet État partie. Article 12 Confiscation et saisie 1. Les États parties adoptent, dans toute la mesure possible dans le cadre de leurs systųmes juridiques nationaux, les mesures nłcessaires pour permettre la confiscation:
40. a)du produit du crime provenant d'infractions visłes par la prłsente convention ou de biens dont la valeur correspond š celle de ce produit;
41. b)des biens, des matłriels et autres instruments utilisłs ou destinłs š śtre utilisłs pour les infractions visłes par la prłsente convention. 2. Les États parties adoptent les mesures nłcessaires pour permettre l'identification, la localisation, le gel ou la saisie de tout ce qui est mentionnł au paragraphe 1 aux fins de confiscation łventuelle. 3. Si le produit du crime a łtł transformł ou converti, en partie ou en totalitł, en d'autres biens, ces derniers peuvent faire l'objet des mesures visłes au prłsent article en lieu et place dudit produit. 4. Si le produit du crime a łtł mślł š des biens acquis lłgitimement, ces biens, sans prłjudice de tous pouvoirs de gel ou de saisie, peuvent śtre confisqułs š concurrence de la valeur estimłe du produit qui y a łtł mślł. 5. Les revenus ou autres avantages tirłs du produit du crime, des biens en lesquels le produit a łtł transformł ou converti ou des biens auxquels il a łtł mślł peuvent aussi faire l'objet des mesures visłes au prłsent article, de la mśme maniųre et dans la mśme mesure que le produit du crime. 6. Aux fins du prłsent article et de l'article 13 de la prłsente convention, chaque État partie habilite ses tribunaux ou autres autoritłs compłtentes š ordonner la production ou la saisie de documents bancaires, financiers ou commerciaux. Les États parties ne peuvent invoquer le secret bancaire pour refuser de donner effet aux dispositions du prłsent paragraphe. 7. Les États parties peuvent envisager d'exiger que l'auteur d'une infraction łtablisse l'origine licite du produit prłsumł du crime ou d'autres biens pouvant faire l'objet d'une confiscation, dans la mesure oų cette exigence est conforme aux principes de leur droit interne et š la nature de la procłdure judiciaire et des autres procłdures. 8. L'interprłtation des dispositions du prłsent article ne doit en aucun cas porter atteinte aux droits des tiers de bonne foi. 9. Aucune disposition du prłsent article ne porte atteinte au principe selon lequel les mesures qui y sont visłes sont dłfinies et exłcutłes conformłment au droit interne de chaque État partie et selon les dispositions dudit droit. Article 13 Coopłration internationale aux fins de confiscation 1. Dans toute la mesure possible dans le cadre de son systųme juridique national, un État partie qui a re÷u d'un autre État partie ayant compłtence pour connažtre d'une infraction visłe par la prłsente convention une demande de confiscation du produit du crime, des biens, des matłriels ou autres instruments visłs au paragraphe 1 de l'article 12 de la prłsente convention, qui sont situłs sur son territoire:
42. a)transmet la demande š ses autoritłs compłtentes en vue de faire prononcer une dłcision de confiscation et, si celle-ci intervient, la faire exłcuter, ou
43. b)transmet š ses autoritłs compłtentes, afin qu'elle soit exłcutłe dans les limites de la demande, la dłcision de confiscation prise par un tribunal situł sur le territoire de l'État partie requłrant conformłment au paragraphe 1 de l'article 12 de la prłsente convention, pour ce qui est du produit du crime, des biens, des matłriels ou autres instruments visłs au paragraphe 1 de l'article 12 situłs sur le territoire de l'État partie requis. 2. Lorsqu'une demande est faite par un autre État partie qui a compłtence pour connažtre d'une infraction visłe par la prłsente convention, l'État partie requis prend des mesures pour identifier, localiser et geler ou saisir le produit du crime, les biens, les matłriels ou les autres instruments visłs au paragraphe 1 de l'article 12 de la prłsente convention, en vue d'une łventuelle confiscation š ordonner soit par l'État partie requłrant, soit comme suite š une demande formulłe en vertu du paragraphe 1 du prłsent article, par l'État partie requis. 3. Les dispositions de l'article 18 de la prłsente convention s'appliquent mutatis mutandis au prłsent article. Outre les informations visłes š l'article 18, paragraphe 15, les demandes faites conformłment au prłsent article contiennent:
44. a)lorsque la demande relųve du paragraphe 1, point a), une description des biens š confisquer et un exposł des faits sur lesquels se fonde l'État partie requłrant qui permettent š l'État partie requis de faire prononcer une dłcision de confiscation dans le cadre de son droit interne;
45. b)Lorsque la demande relųve du paragraphe 1, point
46. b), une copie lłgalement admissible de la dłcision de confiscation rendue par l'État partie requłrant sur laquelle la demande est fondłe, un exposł des faits et des informations indiquant dans quelles limites il est demandł d'exłcuter la dłcision;
47. c)lorsque la demande relųve du paragraphe 2, un exposł des faits sur lesquels se fonde l'État partie requłrant et une description des mesures demandłes. 4. Les dłcisions ou mesures prłvues aux paragraphes 1 et 2 sont prises par l'État partie requis conformłment š son droit interne et selon les dispositions dudit droit, et conformłment š ses rųgles de procłdure ou š tout traitł, accord ou arrangement bilatłral ou multilatłral le liant š l'État partie requłrant. 5. Chaque État partie remet au secrłtaire głnłral de l'Organisation des Nations unies une copie de ses lois et rųglements qui donnent effet au prłsent article ainsi qu'une copie de toute modification ultłrieurement apportłe š ces lois et rųglements ou une description de ces lois, rųglements et modifications ultłrieures. 6. Si un État partie dłcide de subordonner l'adoption des mesures visłes aux paragraphes 1 et 2 š l'existence d'un traitł en la matiųre, il considųre la prłsente convention comme une base conventionnelle nłcessaire et suffisante. 7. Un État partie peut refuser de donner suite š une demande de coopłration en vertu du prłsent article dans le cas oų l'infraction š laquelle elle se rapporte n'est pas une infraction visłe par la prłsente convention. 8. L'interprłtation des dispositions du prłsent article ne doit en aucun cas porter atteinte aux droits des tiers de bonne foi. 9. Les États parties envisagent de conclure des traitłs, accords ou arrangements bilatłraux ou multilatłraux afin de renforcer l'efficacitł de la coopłration internationale instaurłe aux fins du prłsent article. Article 14 Disposition du produit du crime ou des biens confisqułs 1. Un État partie qui confisque le produit du crime ou des biens en application de l'article 12 ou de l'article 13, paragraphe 1, de la prłsente convention en dispose conformłment š son droit interne et š ses procłdures administratives. 2. Lorsque les États parties agissent š la demande d'un autre État partie en application de l'article 13 de la prłsente convention, ils doivent, dans la mesure oų leur droit interne le leur permet et si la demande leur en est faite, envisager š titre prioritaire de restituer le produit du crime ou les biens confisqułs š l'État partie requłrant, afin que ce dernier puisse indemniser les victimes de l'infraction ou restituer ce produit du crime ou ces biens š leurs propriłtaires lłgitimes. 3. Lorsqu'un État partie agit š la demande d'un autre État partie en application des articles 12 et 13 de la prłsente convention, il peut envisager spłcialement de conclure des accords ou arrangements prłvoyant:
48. a)de verser la valeur de ce produit ou de ces biens, ou les fonds provenant de leur vente, ou une partie de ceux-ci, au compte łtabli en application de l'article 30, paragraphe 2, point c), de la prłsente convention et š des organismes intergouvernementaux spłcialisłs dans la lutte contre la criminalitł organisłe;
49. b)de partager avec d'autres États parties, systłmatiquement ou au cas par cas, ce produit ou ces biens, ou les fonds provenant de leur vente, conformłment š son droit interne ou š ses procłdures administratives. Article 15 Compłtence 1. Chaque État partie adopte les mesures nłcessaires pour łtablir sa compłtence š l'łgard des infractions łtablies conformłment aux articles 5, 6, 8 et 23 de la prłsente convention dans les cas suivants:
50. a)lorsque l'infraction est commise sur son territoire, ou
51. b)lorsque l'infraction est commise š bord d'un navire qui bat son pavillon ou š bord d'un ałronef immatriculł conformłment š son droit interne au moment oų ladite infraction est commise. 2. Sous rłserve de l'article 4 de la prłsente convention, un État partie peut łgalement łtablir sa compłtence š l'łgard de l'une quelconque de ces infractions dans les cas suivants:
52. a)lorsque l'infraction est commise š l'encontre d'un de ses ressortissants;
53. b)lorsque l'infraction est commise par un de ses ressortissants ou par une personne apatride rłsidant habituellement sur son territoire, ou
54. c)lorsque l'infraction est:
55. i)une de celles łtablies conformłment š l'article 5, paragraphe 1, de la prłsente convention et est commise hors de son territoire en vue de la commission, sur son territoire, d'une infraction grave;
56. ii)une de celles łtablies conformłment š l'article 6, paragraphe 1, point
57. b)ii), de la prłsente convention et est commise hors de son territoire en vue de la commission, sur son territoire, d'une infraction łtablie conformłment š l'article 6, paragraphe 1, points
58. a)
59. i)ou
60. a)ii), ou
61. b)i), de la prłsente convention. 3. Aux fins de l'article 16, paragraphe 10, de la prłsente convention, chaque État partie adopte les mesures nłcessaires pour łtablir sa compłtence š l'łgard des infractions visłes par la prłsente convention lorsque l'auteur prłsumł se trouve sur son territoire et qu'il n'extrade pas cette personne au seul motif qu'elle est l'un de ses ressortissants. 4. Chaque État partie peut łgalement adopter les mesures nłcessaires pour łtablir sa compłtence š l'łgard des infractions visłes par la prłsente convention lorsque l'auteur prłsumł se trouve sur son territoire et qu'il ne l'extrade pas. 5. Si un État partie qui exerce sa compłtence en vertu du paragraphe 1 ou 2 a łtł avisł, ou a appris de toute autre fa÷on, qu'un ou plusieurs autres États parties mųnent une enquśte ou ont engagł des poursuites ou une procłdure judiciaire concernant le mśme acte, les autoritłs compłtentes de ces États parties se consultent, selon qu'il convient, pour coordonner leurs actions. 6. Sans prłjudice des normes du droit international głnłral, la prłsente convention n'exclut pas l'exercice de toute compłtence płnale łtablie par un État partie conformłment š son droit interne. Article 16 Extradition 1. Le prłsent article s'applique aux infractions visłes par la prłsente convention ou dans les cas oų un groupe criminel organisł est impliquł dans une infraction visłe š l'article 3, paragraphe 1, point
62. a)ou b), et que la personne faisant l'objet de la demande d'extradition se trouve sur le territoire de l'État partie requis, š condition que l'infraction pour laquelle l'extradition est demandłe soit punissable par le droit interne de l'État partie requłrant et de l'État partie requis. 2. Si la demande d'extradition porte sur plusieurs infractions graves distinctes, dont certaines ne sont pas visłes par le prłsent article, l'État partie requis peut appliquer łgalement cet article š ces derniųres infractions. 3. Chacune des infractions auxquelles s'applique le prłsent article est de plein droit incluse dans tout traitł d'extradition en vigueur entre les États parties en tant qu'infraction dont l'auteur peut śtre extradł. Les États parties s'engagent š inclure ces infractions en tant qu'infractions dont l'auteur peut śtre extradł dans tout traitł d'extradition qu'ils concluront entre eux. 4. Si un État partie qui subordonne l'extradition š l'existence d'un traitł re÷oit une demande d'extradition d'un État partie avec lequel il n'a pas conclu pareil traitł, il peut considłrer la prłsente convention comme la base lłgale de l'extradition pour les infractions auxquelles le prłsent article s'applique. 5. Les États parties qui subordonnent l'extradition š l'existence d'un traitł:
63. a)au moment du dłpĮt de leur instrument de ratification, d'acceptation, d'approbation ou d'adhłsion š la prłsente convention, indiquent au secrłtaire głnłral de l'Organisation des Nations unies s'ils considųrent la prłsente convention comme la base lłgale pour coopłrer en matiųre d'extradition avec d'autres États parties, et
64. b)s'ils ne considųrent par la prłsente convention comme la base lłgale pour coopłrer en matiųre d'extradition, s'efforcent, s'il y a lieu, de conclure des traitłs d'extradition avec d'autres États parties afin d'appliquer le prłsent article. 6. Les États parties qui ne subordonnent pas l'extradition š l'existence d'un traitł reconnaissent entre eux aux infractions auxquelles le prłsent article s'applique le caractųre d'infraction dont l'auteur peut śtre extradł. 7. L'extradition est subordonnłe aux conditions prłvues par le droit interne de l'État partie requis ou par les traitłs d'extradition applicables, y compris, notamment, aux conditions concernant la peine minimale requise pour extrader et aux motifs pour lesquels l'État partie requis peut refuser l'extradition. 8. Les États parties s'efforcent, sous rłserve de leur droit interne, d'accłlłrer les procłdures d'extradition et de simplifier les exigences en matiųre de preuve y relatives en ce qui concerne les infractions auxquelles s'applique le prłsent article. 9. Sous rłserve des dispositions de son droit interne et des traitłs d'extradition qu'il a conclus, l'État partie requis peut, š la demande de l'État partie requłrant et s'il estime que les circonstances le justifient et qu'il y a urgence, placer en dłtention une personne prłsente sur son territoire dont l'extradition est demandłe ou prendre š son łgard toutes autres mesures appropriłes pour assurer sa prłsence lors de la procłdure d'extradition. 10. Un État partie sur le territoire duquel se trouve l'auteur prłsumł de l'infraction, s'il n'extrade pas cette personne au titre d'une infraction š laquelle s'applique le prłsent article au seul motif qu'elle est l'un de ses ressortissants, est tenu, š la demande de l'État partie requłrant l'extradition, de soumettre l'affaire sans retard excessif š ses autoritłs compłtentes aux fins de poursuites. Lesdites autoritłs prennent leur dłcision et mųnent les poursuites de la mśme maniųre que pour toute autre infraction grave en vertu du droit interne de cet État partie. Les États parties intłressłs coopųrent entre eux, notamment en matiųre de procłdure et de preuve, afin d'assurer l'efficacitł des poursuites. 11. Lorsqu'un État partie, en vertu de son droit interne, n'est autorisł š extrader ou remettre de toute autre maniųre l'un de ses ressortissants que si cette personne est ensuite renvoyłe dans cet État partie pour purger la peine prononcłe š l'issue du procųs ou de la procłdure š l'origine de la demande d'extradition ou de remise, et lorsque cet État partie et l'État partie requłrant s'accordent sur cette option et d'autres conditions qu'ils peuvent juger appropriłes, cette extradition ou remise conditionnelle est suffisante aux fins de l'exłcution de l'obligation łnoncłe au paragraphe 10. 12. Si l'extradition, demandłe aux fins d'exłcution d'une peine, est refusłe parce que la personne faisant l'objet de cette demande est un ressortissant de l'État partie requis, celui-ci, si son droit interne le lui permet, en conformitł avec les prescriptions de ce droit et š la demande de l'État partie requłrant, envisage de faire exłcuter lui-mśme la peine qui a łtł prononcłe conformłment au droit interne de l'État partie requłrant, ou le reliquat de cette peine. 13. Toute personne faisant l'objet de poursuites en raison de l'une quelconque des infractions auxquelles le prłsent article s'applique se voit garantir un traitement łquitable š tous les stades de la procłdure, y compris la jouissance de tous les droits et de toutes les garanties prłvus par le droit interne de l'État partie sur le territoire duquel elle se trouve. 14. Aucune disposition de la prłsente convention ne doit śtre interprłtłe comme faisant obligation š l'État partie requis d'extrader s'il a de słrieuses raisons de penser que la demande a łtł prłsentłe aux fins de poursuivre ou de punir une personne en raison de son sexe, de sa race, de sa religion, de sa nationalitł, de son origine ethnique ou de ses opinions politiques, ou que donner suite š cette demande causerait un prłjudice š cette personne pour l'une quelconque de ces raisons. 15. Les États parties ne peuvent refuser une demande d'extradition au seul motif que l'infraction est considłrłe comme touchant aussi š des questions fiscales. 16. Avant de refuser l'extradition, l'État partie requis consulte, le cas łchłant, l'État partie requłrant afin de lui donner toute possibilitł de prłsenter ses opinions et de donner des informations š l'appui de ses allłgations. 17. Les États parties s'efforcent de conclure des accords ou arrangements bilatłraux et multilatłraux pour permettre l'extradition ou pour en accrožtre l'efficacitł. Article 17 Transfert des personnes condamnłes Les États parties peuvent envisager de conclu