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Par Eiropas Konvenciju par izmēģinājumos un citos zinātniskos nolūkos izmantojamo mugurkaulnieku aizsardzību un Grozījumu protokolu Eiropas Konvencijai par izmēģinājumos un citos zinātniskos nolūkos izmantojamo mugurkaulnieku aizsardzību
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Saeima ir pieņēmusi un Valsts
prezidents izsludina šādu likumu:
Par Eiropas
Konvenciju par izmēģinājumos un citos zinātniskos nolūkos
izmantojamo mugurkaulnieku aizsardzību un Grozījumu protokolu
Eiropas Konvencijai par izmēģinājumos un citos zinātniskos
nolūkos izmantojamo mugurkaulnieku aizsardzību
1.pants. 1986.gada 18.marta Eiropas Konvencija par
izmēģinājumos un citos zinātniskos nolūkos izmantojamo
mugurkaulnieku aizsardzību (turpmāk - Konvencija) un 1998.gada
22.jūnija Grozījumu protokols Eiropas Konvencijai par
izmēģinājumos un citos zinātniskos nolūkos izmantojamo
mugurkaulnieku aizsardzību (turpmāk - Protokols) ar šo likumu
tiek pieņemti un apstiprināti.
2.pants. Konvencijā un Protokolā paredzēto saistību
izpildi koordinē Zemkopības ministrija.
3.pants. Pamatojoties uz Konvencijas 35.panta 1.punktu,
Latvijas Republika izdara atrunu par Konvencijas 27.panta
2.punkta un 28.panta 1.punkta, kā arī Konvencijas A papildinājuma
Vispārīgās sadaļas 3.punkta un 4.3.apakšpunkta un Sugām
specifiskās sadaļas nepiemērošanu.
4.pants. Ārlietu ministrija saskaņā ar Konvencijas
35.panta 1.punktu par izdarītajām atrunām paziņo Eiropas Padomes
ģenerālsekretāram.
5.pants. Konvencija stājas spēkā tās 33.panta 2.punktā
noteiktajā laikā un kārtībā, un Ārlietu ministrija par to paziņo
laikrakstā "Latvijas Vēstnesis".
6.pants. Protokols stājas spēkā tā 5.pantā noteiktajā
laikā un kārtībā, un Ārlietu ministrija par to paziņo laikrakstā
"Latvijas Vēstnesis".
7.pants. Likums stājas spēkā tā izsludināšanas dienā.
Līdz ar likumu izsludināma Konvencija un Protokols angļu valodā
un to tulkojums latviešu valodā.
Likums Saeimā pieņemts 2010.gada 3.jūnijā.
Valsts prezidents
V.Zatlers
Rīgā 2010.gada 22.jūnijā
European
Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for
Experimental and other Scientific Purposes
Strasbourg, 18 March 1986
Text amended according to the provisions of the Protocol (ETS
No.170), as of its entry into force, on 2 December 2005.
Preamble
The member States of the Council of Europe, signatory
hereto,
Recalling that the aim of the Council of Europe is to achieve
a greater unity between its members and that it wishes to
co‑operate with other States in the protection of live animals
used for experimental and other scientific purposes;
Recognising that man has a moral obligation to respect all
animals and to have due consideration for their capacity for
suffering and memory;
Accepting nevertheless that man in his quest for knowledge,
health and safety has a need to use animals where there is a
reasonable expectation that the result will be to extend
knowledge or be to the overall benefit of man or animal, just as
he uses them for food, clothing and as beasts of burden;
Resolved to limit the use of animals for experimental and
other scientific purposes, with the aim of replacing such use
wherever practical, in particular by seeking alternative measures
and encouraging the use of these alternative measures;
Desirous to adopt common provisions in order to protect
animals used in those procedures which may possibly cause pain,
suffering, distress or lasting harm and to ensure that where
unavoidable they shall be kept to a minimum,
Have agreed as follows:
Part I - General
principles
Article 1
1. This Convention applies to any animal used or intended for
use in any experimental or other scientific procedure where that
procedure may cause pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm. It
does not apply to any non‑experimental agricultural or clinical
veterinary practice.
2. In this Convention:
a) "animal", unless otherwise qualified, means any live
non‑human vertebrate, including free-living and/or reproducing
larval forms, but excluding other foetal or embryonic forms;
b) "intended for use" means bred or kept for the purpose of
sale, disposal or use in any experimental or other scientific
procedure;
c) "procedure" means any experimental or other scientific use
of an animal which may cause it pain, suffering, distress or
lasting harm, including any course of action intended to, or
liable to, result in the birth of an animal in any such
conditions, but excluding the least painful methods accepted in
modern practice (that is "humane" methods) of killing or marking
an animal.
A procedure starts when an animal is first prepared for use
and ends when no further observations are made for that
procedure; the elimination of pain, suffering, distress or
lasting harm by the successful use of anesthesia or analgesia or
other methods does not place the use of an animal outside the
scope of this definition;
d) "competent person" means any person who is considered by a
Party to be competent in its territory to perform the relevant
function described in this Convention;
e) "responsible authority" means, in the territory of a given
Party, any authority, body or person designated for the relevant
purpose;
f) "establishment" means any stable or mobile facility, any
building, group of buildings or other premises, including a place
which is not wholly enclosed or covered;
g) "breeding establishment" means any establishment where
animals are bred with a view to their use in procedures;
h) "supplying establishment" means any establishment, other
than a breeding establishment, from which animals are supplied
with a view to their use in procedures;
i) "user establishment" means any establishment where animals
are used in procedures;
j) "humane method of killing" means the killing of an animal
with a minimum of physical and mental suffering appropriate to
the species.
Article 2
A procedure may be performed for one or more of the following
purposes only and subject to the restrictions laid down in this
Convention:
a) i avoidance or prevention of disease, ill-health or other
abnormality, or their effects, in man, vertebrate or invertebrate
animals or plants, including the production and the quality,
efficacy and safety testing of drugs, substances or products;
ii diagnosis or treatment of disease, ill-health or other
abnormality, or their effects, in man, vertebrate or invertebrate
animals or plants;
b) detection, assessment, regulation or modification of
physiological conditions in man, vertebrate and invertebrate
animals or plants;
c) protection of the environment;
d) scientific research;
e) education and training;
f) forensic inquiries.
Article 3
Each Party undertakes to take all the necessary steps to give
effect to the provisions of this Convention and to ensure an
effective system of control and supervision as soon as possible
and in any case within a period of five years from the date of
entry into force of the present Convention in respect of that
Party.
Article 4
No provision in this Convention shall affect the liberty of
the Parties to adopt stricter measures for the protection of
animals used in procedures or for the control and restriction of
the use of animals in procedures.
Part II -
General care and accommodation
Article 5
1. Any animal used or intended for use in a procedure shall be
provided with accommodation, an environment, at least a minimum
degree of freedom of movement, food, water and care, appropriate
to its health and well‑being. Any restriction on the extent to
which an animal can satisfy its physiological and ethological
needs shall be limited as far as practicable. In the
implementation of this provision, regard should be paid to the
guidelines for accommodation and care of animals set out in
Appendix A to this Convention.
2. The environmental conditions in which animals are bred,
kept or used shall be checked daily.
3. The well-being and state of health of animals shall be
observed sufficiently closely and frequently to prevent pain or
avoidable suffering, distress or lasting harm.
4. Each Party shall determine arrangements to ensure that any
defect or suffering discovered is corrected as quickly as
possible.
Part III -
Conduct of procedure
Article 6
1. A procedure shall not be performed for any of the purposes
referred to in Article 2, if another scientifically satisfactory
method, not entailing the use of an animal, is reasonably and
practicably available.
2. Each Party should encourage scientific research into the
development of methods which could provide the same information
as that obtained in procedures.
Article 7
When a procedure has to be performed, the choice of species
shall be carefully considered and, where required, be explained
to the responsible authority; in a choice between procedures,
those should be selected which use the minimum number of animals,
cause the least pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm and
which are most likely to provide satisfactory results.
Article 8
A procedure shall be performed under general or local
anesthesia or analgesia or by other methods designed to eliminate
as far as practicable pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm
applied throughout the procedure unless:
a) the pain caused by the procedure is less than the
impairment of the animal's well‑being caused by the use of
anesthesia or analgesia, or
b) the use of anesthesia or analgesia is incompatible with the
aim of the procedure. In such cases, appropriate legislative
and/or administrative measures shall be taken to ensure that no
such procedure is carried out unnecessarily.
Article 9
1. Where it is planned to subject an animal to a procedure in
which it will or may experience severe pain which is likely to
endure, that procedure must be specifically declared and
justified to, or specifically authorized by, the responsible
authority.
2. Appropriate legislative and/or administrative measures
shall be taken to ensure that no such procedure is carried out
unnecessarily.
Such measures shall include:
- either specific authorization by the responsible
authority;
- or specific declaration of such procedure to the responsible
authority and judicial or administrative action by that authority
if it is not satisfied that the procedure is of sufficient
importance for meeting the essential needs of man or animal,
including the solution of scientific problems.
Article 10
During a procedure, an animal used shall remain subject to the
provisions of Article 5 except where those provisions are
incompatible with the objective of the procedure.
Article 11
1. At the end of the procedure it shall be decided whether the
animal shall be kept alive or killed by a humane method. An
animal shall not be kept alive if, even though it has been
restored to normal health in all other respects, it is likely to
remain in lasting pain or distress.
2. The decision referred to in paragraph 1 of this article
shall be taken by a competent person, in particular a
veterinarian, or the person who, in accordance with Article 13,
is responsible for, or has performed, the procedure.
3. Where, at the end of the procedure:
a) an animal is to be kept alive, it shall receive the care
appropriate to its state of health, be placed under the
supervision of a veterinarian or other competent person and kept
under conditions conforming to the requirements of Article 5. The
conditions laid down in this sub-paragraph may, however, be
waived where, in the opinion of a veterinarian, the animal would
not suffer as a consequence of such exemption;
b) an animal is not to be kept alive or cannot benefit from
the provisions of Article 5 for its well-being, it shall be
killed by a humane method as soon as possible.
4. No animal which has been used in a procedure entailing
severe or enduring pain or suffering, irrespective of whether
anesthesia or analgesia was employed, shall be used in a further
procedure unless it has returned to good health and well-being
and either:
a) the further procedure is one in which the animal is subject
throughout to general anesthesia which is to be maintained until
the animal is killed; or
b) the further procedure will involve minor interventions
only.
Article 12
Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Convention, where
it is necessary for the legitimate purposes of the procedure, the
responsible authority may allow the animal concerned to be set
free provided that it is satisfied that the maximum practicable
care has been taken to safeguard the animal's well-being.
Procedures that involve setting the animal free shall not be
permitted solely for educational or training purposes.
Part IV -
Authorisation
Article 13
A procedure for the purposes referred to in Article 2 may be
carried out by persons authorized, or under the direct
responsibility of a person authorized, or if the experimental or
other scientific project concerned is authorized in accordance
with the provisions of national legislation. Authorization shall
be granted only to persons deemed to be competent by the
responsible authority.
Part V -
Breeding or supplying establishments
Article 14
Breeding and supplying establishments shall be registered with
the responsible authority subject to the grant of an exemption
under Article 21 or Article 22. Such registered establishments
shall comply with the requirements of Article 5.
Article 15
The registration provided for in Article 14 shall specify the
person in charge of the establishment, who shall be competent to
administer or arrange for suitable care for animals of the
species bred or kept in the establishment.
Article 16
1. Arrangements shall be made at registered breeding
establishments to record, in respect of the animals bred there,
the number and species of such animals leaving, the dates they
leave and the name and address of the recipient.
2. Arrangements shall be made at registered supplying
establishments to record the number and species of such animals
entering and leaving, the dates of these movements, from whom the
animals concerned were acquired and the name and address of the
recipient.
3. The responsible authority shall prescribe the records which
are to be kept and made available to it by the person in charge
of the establishments mentioned in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this
article. Such records shall be kept for a minimum of three years
from the date of the last entry.
Article 17
1. Each dog and cat in an establishment shall be individually
and permanently marked in the least painful manner possible
before it is weaned.
2. Where an unmarked dog or cat is taken into an establishment
for the first time after it has been weaned, it shall be marked
as soon as possible.
3. Where a dog or cat is transferred from one establishment to
another before it is weaned and it is not practical to mark it
beforehand, a full documentary record, specifying in particular
its mother, shall be kept until it can be marked.
4. Particulars of the identity and origin of each dog or cat
shall be entered in the records of the establishment.
Part VI - User
establishments
Article 18
User establishments shall be registered with or otherwise
approved by the responsible authority and shall comply with the
conditions laid down in Article 5.
Article 19
Provisions shall be made at user establishments for
installations and equipment appropriate for the species of
animals used and the performance of the procedures conducted
there. The design, construction and functioning of such
installations and equipment shall be such as to ensure that the
procedures are performed as effectively as possible, with the
object of obtaining consistent results with the minimum number of
animals and the minimum degree of pain, suffering, distress or
lasting harm.
Article 20
In user establishments:
a) the person or persons who are administratively responsible
for the care of the animals and the functioning of the equipment
shall be identified;
b) sufficient trained staff shall be provided;
c) adequate arrangements shall be made for the provision of
veterinary advice and treatment;
d) a veterinarian or other competent person should be charged
with advisory duties in relation to the well‑being of the
animals.
Article 21
1. Animals of the species listed below which are for use in
procedures shall be acquired directly from or originate from
registered breeding establishments, unless a general or special
exemption has been obtained under arrangements to be determined
by the Party:
Mouse Mus musculus
Rat Rattus norvegicus
Guinea pig Cavia porcellus
Golden hamster Mesocricetus auratus
Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus
Dog Canis familiaris
Cat Felis catus
Quail Coturnix coturnix
2. Each Party undertakes to extend the provisions of paragraph
1 of this article to other species, in particular of the order of
primates, as soon as there is a reasonable prospect of a
sufficient supply of purpose‑bred animals of the species
concerned.
3. Straying animals of a domesticated species shall not be
used in procedures. A general exemption made under the conditions
of paragraph 1 of this article may not extend to stray dogs and
cats.
Article 22
In user establishments, only animals supplied from registered
breeding or supplying establishments shall be used, unless a
general or special exemption has been obtained under arrangements
to be determined by the Party.
Article 23
Procedures may, where authorized by the responsible authority,
be conducted outside user establishments.
Article 24
Arrangements shall be made at user establishments to maintain
records and make them available as required by the responsible
authority. In particular, these records shall be sufficient to
meet the requirements of Article 27 and, in addition, show the
number and species of all animals acquired, from whom they were
acquired and their date of arrival.
Part VII -
Education and training
Article 25
1. Procedures carried out for the purpose of education,
training or further training for professions or other
occupations, including the care of animals being used or intended
for use in procedures, must be notified to the responsible
authority and shall be carried out by or under the supervision of
a competent person, who will be responsible for ensuring that the
procedures comply with national legislation under the terms of
this Convention.
2. Procedures within the scope of education, training, or
further training for purposes other than those referred to in
paragraph 1 above shall not be permitted.
3. Procedures referred to in paragraph 1 of this article shall
be restricted to those absolutely necessary for the purpose of
the education or training concerned and be permitted only if
their objective cannot be achieved by comparably effective
audio‑visual or any other suitable methods.
Article 26
Persons who carry out procedures, or take part in procedures,
or take care of animals used in procedures, including
supervision, shall have had appropriate education and
training.
Part VIII -
Statistical information
Article 27
1. Each Party shall collect statistical information on the use
of animals in procedures and this information shall where lawful
be made available to the public.
2. Information shall be collected in respect of:
a) the numbers and kinds of animals used in procedures;
b) the numbers of animals in selected categories used in
procedures directly concerned with medicine and in education and
training;
c) the numbers of animals in selected categories used in
procedures for the protection of man and the environment;
d) the numbers of animals in selected categories used in
procedures required by law.
Article 28
1. Subject to requirements of national legislation relating to
secrecy and confidentiality, each Party shall communicate every
year to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe
information in respect of the items mentioned in paragraph 2 of
Article 27, presented in the form set out in Appendix B to this
Convention.
2. The Secretary General of the Council of Europe shall
publish the statistical information received from the Parties in
respect of the items mentioned in paragraph 2 of Article 27.
3. Each Party is invited to communicate to the Secretary
General of the Council of Europe the address of its national
authority from which information about more comprehensive
national statistics may be obtained on request. Such addresses
will be contained in the publications of statistics made by the
Secretary General of the Council of Europe.
Part IX -
Recognition of procedures carried out in the territory of another
Party
Article 29
1. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition of procedures
required by law on health and safety, each Party shall, where
practicable, recognize the results of procedures carried out in
the territory of another Party.
2. To that end the Parties undertake, where practicable and
lawful, to render each other mutual assistance, in particular by
furnishing information on their legislation and administrative
practice relating to the requirements for procedures to be
carried out in support of submissions for registration of
products, as well as factual information on procedures carried
out in their territory and on authorization or any other
administrative particulars pertaining to these procedures.
Part X -
Multilateral consultations
Article 30
1. The Parties shall, within five years from the entry into
force of this Convention and every five years thereafter, or more
frequently if a majority of the Parties should so request, hold
multilateral consultations within the Council of Europe to
examine the application of this Convention, and the advisability
of revising it or extending any of its provisions.
2. These consultations shall take place at meetings convened
by the Secretary General of the Council of Europe. The Parties
shall communicate the name of their representative to the
Secretary General of the Council of Europe at least two months
before each meeting.
3. Subject to the provisions of this Convention, the Parties
shall draw up the rules of procedure for the consultations.
Part XI -
Amendments
Article 31
1. Any amendment to Appendices A and B, proposed by a Party or
by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe shall be
communicated to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe
and forwarded by him to the member States of the Council of
Europe, to the European Community and to any non-member State
which has acceded to, or has been invited to accede to the
Convention in accordance with the provisions of Article 34.
2. Any amendments proposed in accordance with the provisions
of the preceding paragraph shall be examined, not less than six
months after the date of forwarding by the Secretary General, at
a multilateral consultation where it may be adopted by a
two-thirds majority of the Parties. The text adopted shall be
forwarded to the Parties.
3. Twelve months after its adoption at a multilateral
consultation, any amendment shall enter into force unless one
third of the Parties have notified objections.
Part XII - Final
Provisions
Article 32
This Convention shall be open for signature by the member
States of the Council of Europe and by the European Communities.
It is subject to ratification, acceptance or approval.
Instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval shall be
deposited with the Secretary General of the Council of
Europe.
Article 33
1. This Convention shall enter into force on the first day of
the month following the expiration of a period of six months
after the date on which four member States of the Council of
Europe have expressed their consent to be bound by the Convention
in accordance with the provisions of Article 32.
2. In respect of a Signatory which subsequently expresses its
consent to be bound by it, the Convention shall enter into force
on the first day of the month following the expiration of a
period of six months after the date of the deposit of the
instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval.
Article 34
1. After the entry into force of this Convention, the
Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe may invite any
State not a member of the Council to accede to this Convention,
by a decision taken by the majority provided for in Article 20.d
of the Statute of the Council of Europe and by the unanimous vote
of the representatives of the Contracting States entitled to sit
on the Committee.
2. In respect of any acceding State, the Convention shall
enter into force on the first day of the month following the
expiration of a period of six months after the date of deposit of
the instrument of accession with the Secretary General of the
Council of Europe.
Article 35
1. Any Signatory may, at the time of signature or when
depositing its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval
or accession, make one or more reservations. No reservations may,
however, be made in respect of Articles 1 to 14 or Articles 18 to
20.
2. Any Party which has made a reservation under the preceding
paragraph may wholly or partly withdraw it by means of a
notification addressed to the Secretary General of the Council of
Europe. The withdrawal shall take effect on the date of receipt
of such notification by the Secretary General.
3. A Party which has made a reservation in respect of a
provision of this Convention may not claim the application of
that provision by any other Party; it may, however, if its
reservation is partial or conditional, claim the application of
that provision insofar as it has itself accepted it.
Article 36
1. Any Signatory may, at the time of signature or when
depositing its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval
or accession, specify the territory or territories to which this
Convention shall apply.
2. Any Party may at any later date, by a declaration addressed
to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe, extend the
application of this Convention to any other territory specified
in the declaration. In respect of such territory, the Convention
shall enter into force on the first day of the month following
the expiration of a period of six months after the date of
receipt of such declaration by the Secretary General.
3. Any declaration made under the two preceding paragraphs
may, in respect of any territory specified in such declaration,
be withdrawn by a notification addressed to the Secretary
General. The withdrawal shall become effective on the first day
of the month following the expiration of a period of six months
after the date of receipt of such notification by the Secretary
General.
Article 37
1. Any Party may at any time denounce this Convention by means
of a notification addressed to the Secretary General of the
Council of Europe.
2. Such denunciation shall become effective on the first day
of the month following the expiration of a period of six months
after the date of receipt of the notification by the Secretary
General.
Article 38
The Secretary General of the Council of Europe shall notify
the member States of the Council of Europe, the European
Communities and any State which has acceded to this Convention
of:
a) any signature;
b) the deposit of any instrument of ratification, acceptance,
approval or accession;
c) any date of entry into force of this Convention in
accordance with Articles 33, 34 and 36;
d) any other act, notification or communication relating to
this Convention;
In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorised
thereto, have signed this Convention.
Done at Strasbourg, this 18th day of March 1986, in
English and French, both texts being equally authentic, in a
single copy which shall be deposited in the archives of the
Council of Europe. The Secretary General of the Council of Europe
shall transmit certified copies to each member State of the
Council of Europe, to the European Communities and to any State
invited to accede to this Convention.
APPENDIX A
of the European
Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for
Experimental and other Scientific Purposes (ETS NO. 123)
Guidelines for Accommodation and
Care of Animals
(Article 5 of the Convention)
Approved by the Multilateral
Consultation
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITIONS
GENERAL SECTION
1. The physical facilities
1.1. Functions and general design
1.2. Holding rooms
1.3. General and special purpose procedure rooms
1.4. Service rooms
2. The environment and its control
2.1. Ventilation
2.2. Temperature
2.3. Humidity
2.4. Lighting
2.5. Noise
2.6. Alarm systems
3. Education and training
4. Care
4.1. Health
4.2. Capture from the wild
4.3. Transport of animals
4.4. Quarantine, acclimatisation and isolation
4.5. Housing and enrichment
4.6. Feeding
4.7. Watering
4.8. Flooring, substrate, litter, bedding and nesting
material
4.9. Cleaning
4.10. Handling
4.11. Humane killing
4.12. Records
4.13. Identification
SPECIES-SPECIFIC SECTION
A. Species-specific provisions for rodents
1. Introduction
2. The environment and its control
3. Health
4. Housing, enrichment and care
B. Species-specific provisions for rabbits
1. Introduction
2. The environment and its control
3. Health
4. Housing, enrichment and care
C. Species-specific provisions for cats
1. Introduction
2. The environment and its control
3. Health
4. Housing, enrichment and care
D. Species-specific provisions for dogs
1. Introduction
2. The environment and its control
3. Health
4. Housing, enrichment and care
E. Species-specific provisions for ferrets
1. Introduction
2. The environment and its control
3. Health
4. Housing, enrichment and care
F. Species-specific provisions for non-human
primates
a. General considerations
1. Introduction
2. The environment and its control
3. Health
4. Housing, enrichment and care
5. Training of personnel
6. Transport.
b. Additional provisions for
housing and care of marmosets and tamarins
c. Additional provisions for
housing and care of squirrel monkeys
d. Additional provisions for
housing and care of macaques and vervets
e. Additional provisions for
housing and care of baboons
G. Species-specific provisions for farm animals and
mini-pigs
a. General considerations
1. Introduction
2. The environment and its control
3. Health
4. Housing, enrichment and care
b. Additional provisions for
housing and care of cattle
c. Additional provisions for
housing and care of sheep and goats
d. Additional provisions for
housing and care of pigs and mini-pigs
e. Additional provisions for
housing and care of equines, including horses, ponies, donkeys
and mules
H. Species-specific provisions for birds
a. General considerations
1. Introduction
2. The environment and its control
3. Health
4. Housing, enrichment and care
b. Additional provisions for
housing and care of the domestic fowl, in stock and during
procedures
c. Additional provisions for
housing and care of the domestic turkey,in stock and during
procedures
d. Additional provisions for
housing and care of quail, in stock and during procedures
e. Additional provisions for
housing and care of ducks and geese, in stock and during
procedures
f. Additional provisions for
housing and care of pigeon, in stock and during procedures
g. Additional provisions for
housing and care of zebra finch, in stock and during
procedures
I. Species-specific provisions for
amphibians
1. Introduction
2. The environment and its control
3. Health
4. Housing, enrichment and care
5. Transport
J. Species-specific provisions for reptiles
1. Introduction
2. The environment and its control
3. Health
4. Housing, enrichment and care
5. Transport
K. Species-specific provisions for fish
1. Introduction
2. Environment and its control
3. Health.
4. Housing, enrichment and care
5. Transport
Appendix A
Guidelines for accommodation and
care of animals
(Article 5 of the Convention)
Introduction
1. The member states of the Council of Europe have decided
that it is their aim to protect live animals used for
experimental and other scientific purposes to ensure that any
possible pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm inflicted as a
consequence of procedures being conducted upon them, shall be
kept at a minimum.
2. Some procedures are conducted under field conditions on
free-living, self-supporting, wild animals, but such procedures
are relatively few in number. The great majority of animals used
in procedures are kept in facilities ranging from outdoor corrals
to cages for small animals in a laboratory animal house. This is
a situation where there are often highly conflicting interests
between the scientific requirements and the needs of the animal.
In this conflict, the basic physiological and ethological needs
of the animals (freedom of movement, social contact, meaningful
activity, nutrition, water) should be restricted only for the
minimum necessary period of time and degree. Such restrictions
should be reviewed by scientists, animal technicians and those
competent persons charged with advisory duties in relation to the
well-being of the animals before procedures are undertaken to
ensure that the extent of the compromise to animal welfare is
minimised to a level consistent with the scientific objectives of
the study.
3. This appendix provides guidelines for the accommodation and
care of animals, based on present knowledge and good practice. It
explains and supplements the basic principles adopted in Article
5 of the Convention. The object of the appendix is thus to help
authorities, institutions and individuals in their pursuit of the
aims of the Council of Europe in this matter.
4. The General section provides guidelines on accommodation,
housing and care relevant to all animals used for experimental
and other scientific purposes. Supplementary guidance concerning
commonly used species is presented in specific sections. Where no
information is included in these specific sections the provisions
of the general section apply.
The species-specific sections are based on proposals made by
expert groups on rodents, rabbits, dogs, cats, ferrets, non-human
primates, farm species, mini-pigs, birds, amphibians, reptiles
and fish. In addition to these proposals, the expert groups also
submitted background information to support their proposals,
based on scientific evidence and practical experiences.
This background information is the sole responsibility of the
respective expert groups and is separately available. For some
groups of species, namely amphibians, reptiles and fish, these
explanatory documents also provide additional information on less
commonly used species not referred to in the species-specific
provisions.
Should behavioural or breeding problems occur, or should
further information on specific requirements for other species be
required, advice should be sought from experts specialised in the
species concerned and care staff, to ensure that any particular
species' needs are adequately addressed.
5. Care is a word which, when used in connection with animals
intended for, or in actual use in procedures, or in connection
with laboratory animals kept for breeding purposes, covers all
aspects of the relationship between animals and man. Its
substance is the sum of material and non-material resources
provided by man to obtain and maintain an animal in a physical
and mental state where it suffers least, and promotes good
science. It starts from the moment the animal is intended to be
used in procedures, including breeding or keeping for that
purpose, and continues until it is humanely killed or otherwise
disposed of by the establishment in accordance with Article 11 of
the Convention after the completion of the procedure.
6. The appendix includes advice about the design of
appropriate animal facilities and provides recommendations and
guidance about how the welfare provisions contained within the
Convention can be met. However, the recommended standards of
space represent minimum allowances. These may have to be
increased in some circumstances, as environmental requirements
for individual animals might vary according, for example, to
species, age, physiological conditions, stocking density and
whether the animals are kept as stock, for breeding or
experiments, whether long-term or short-term. Environmental
enrichment is also an important factor for the welfare of the
animals.
7. If existing facilities or equipment do not conform to the
present guidelines, these should be altered or replaced within a
reasonable period of time, having regard to animal welfare
priorities and financial and practical concerns. Pending such
replacement or alteration, adjustments should be made to numbers
and sizes of animals in existing enclosures in order to comply,
as far as possible, with these guidelines.
Definitions
Definition of terms used in Appendix A in addition to those
contained in Article 1.2 of the Convention:
"Animal enclosure" is defined as the primary accommodation in
which the animals are confined, such as:
- "cage" - a permanently fixed or movable container that is
enclosed by solid walls and, at least on one side, by bars or
meshed wire or, where appropriate, nets, and in which one or more
animals are kept or transported; depending on the stocking
density and the size of the container, the freedom of movement of
the animals is relatively restricted;
- "pen" - an area enclosed, for example, by walls, bars or
meshed wire in which one or more animals are kept; depending on
the size of the pen and the stocking density, the freedom of
movement of the animals is usually less restricted than in a
cage;
- "run" - an area closed, for example, by fences, walls, bars
or meshed wire and frequently situated outside permanently fixed
buildings, in which animals kept in cages or pens can move freely
during certain periods of time in accordance with their
ethological and physiological needs, such as exercise;
- "stall" - a small enclosure with three sides, usually a
feed-rack and lateral separations, where one or two animals may
be kept tethered.
The secondary accommodation, in which the animal enclosure(s),
as defined above, may be kept, will be designated as "holding
rooms" for the purpose of Appendix A. Examples of "holding rooms"
are:
- rooms where animals are normally housed, either for breeding
and stocking, or during the course of a procedure;
- "containment systems", such as isolators, laminar flow
cabinets and individually ventilated cage systems.
General
section
1. The physical facilities
1.1. Functions and general design
1.1.1. All facilities should be so constructed as to provide a
suitable environment for the species to be kept, taking into
account their physiological and ethological needs. Facilities
should also be designed and managed to prevent access by
unauthorised persons and the ingress or escape of animals.
Facilities that are part of a larger building complex should
also be protected by appropriate security and building measures
and arrangements that limit the number of entrances.
1.1.2. There should be an active maintenance programme in
order to prevent and remedy any defect of buildings or
equipment.
1.2. Holding rooms
1.2.1. All necessary measures should be taken to ensure
regular and efficient cleaning of the rooms and the maintenance
of satisfactory hygienic standards. Ceilings and walls should be
damage-resistant with a smooth, impervious and easily washable
surface. Special attention should be paid to junctions, including
those with doors, ducts, pipes and cables. Where appropriate, an
inspection window should be fitted in the door. Floors should be
smooth, impervious and have a non-slippery, easily washable
surface, which can carry the weight of racks and other heavy
equipment without being damaged. Drains, if present, should be
adequately covered and fitted with a barrier, which will prevent
vermin from gaining access or animals from escaping.
1.2.2. Where the animals are allowed to run freely, walls and
floors should be surfaced with a material resistant to the heavy
wear and tear caused by the animals and the cleaning process. The
material should not be detrimental to the health of the animals
and should be such that the animals cannot hurt themselves.
Additional protection should be given to any equipment or
fixtures so that they may not be damaged by the animals or injure
the animals themselves.
1.2.3. Species that are incompatible, for example predator and
prey, or animals requiring different environmental conditions,
should not be housed in the same room nor, in the case of
predator and prey, within sight, smell or sound.
1.2.4. Holding rooms should, where appropriate, be provided
with facilities for carrying out minor procedures and
manipulations.
1.3. General and special purpose procedure rooms
1.3.1. At breeding or supplying establishments suitable
facilities for making consignments of animals ready for dispatch
should be available.
1.3.2. All establishments should also have available, as a
minimum, laboratory facilities for the carrying out of simple
diagnostic tests, post-mortem examinations, and/or the collection
of samples which are to be subjected to more extensive laboratory
investigations elsewhere.
1.3.3. Facilities should be provided to enable newly-acquired
animals to be isolated until their health status can be
determined, and the potential health risk to established animals
assessed and minimised.
1.3.4. General and special purpose procedure rooms should be
made available for situations where it is undesirable to carry
out the procedures or observations in the holding rooms.
1.3.5. Where appropriate, there should be provision for one or
more separate rooms suitably equipped for the performance of
surgical procedures under aseptic conditions. There should be
facilities for post-operative recovery where this is
warranted.
1.3.6. There should be accommodation for separate housing of
sick or injured animals, where necessary.
1.4. Service rooms
1.4.1. Storerooms should be designed, used and maintained to
safeguard the quality of food and bedding. These rooms should be
vermin and insect-proof. Other materials, which may be
contaminated or present a hazard to animals or staff, should be
stored separately.
1.4.2. Separate storerooms for clean cages, instruments and
equipment should be provided.
1.4.3. The cleaning and washing areas should be large enough
to accommodate the installations necessary to decontaminate and
clean used equipment. The cleaning process should be arranged so
as to separate the flow of clean and dirty equipment to prevent
the contamination of newly-cleaned equipment. Walls and floors
should be covered with a suitably durable surface material and
the ventilation system should have ample capacity to carry away
the excess heat and humidity.
1.4.4. Provision should be made for the hygienic storage and
disposal of carcasses and animal waste. If incineration on the
site is not possible or necessary, suitable arrangements should
be made for the safe disposal of such material, having regard to
national and local regulation and by-laws. Special precautions
should be taken with toxic, radioactive or infectious waste.
1.4.5. The general design and construction of circulation
areas should correspond to the standards of the holding rooms.
The corridors should be wide enough to allow easy circulation of
movable equipment.
2. The environment and its control
2.1. Ventilation
2.1.1. Adequate ventilation should be provided in the holding
room and the animal enclosures to satisfy the requirements of the
animals housed. The purpose of the ventilation system is to
provide sufficient fresh air of an appropriate quality and to
keep down the levels and spread of odours, noxious gases, dust
and infectious agents of any kind. It also provides for the
removal of excess heat and humidity.
2.1.2. The air in the room should be renewed at frequent
intervals. A ventilation rate of fifteen to twenty air changes
per hour is normally adequate. However, in some circumstances,
for example where stocking density is low, eight to ten air
changes per hour may suffice. In some cases, natural ventilation
may suffice and mechanical ventilation may not even be needed.
Recirculation of untreated air should be avoided. However, it
should be emphasised that even the most efficient system cannot
compensate for poor cleaning routines or negligence.
2.1.3. The ventilation system should be so designed as to
avoid harmful draughts and noise disturbance.
2.1.4. Smoking in rooms where there are animals should be
forbidden.
2.2. Temperature
2.2.1. The subsequent species-specific sections give the range
within which it is recommended that the temperature should be
maintained. It should also be emphasised that the figures given
in these sections apply only to adult, normal animals. New-born,
young, hairless, newly-operated, sick or injured animals will
often require a much higher temperature level. The temperature of
the premises should be regulated according to possible changes in
the animals' thermal regulation, which may be compromised due
to special physiological conditions or to the effects of the
procedures.
Temperature in the holding rooms should be measured and logged
on a daily basis.
2.2.2. It may be necessary to provide a ventilation system
having the capacity both to heat and cool the air supplied.
2.2.3. In user establishments a precise temperature control in
the holding rooms may be required, because the temperature of the
environment is a physical factor which has a profound effect on
the metabolism and behaviour of all animals, and therefore
affects the validity of certain scientific outcomes.
2.2.4. Outdoor areas provided for animals to exercise and
interact cannot have strict temperature regulation. Animals
should not be restricted to such areas under climatic conditions
which may cause them distress.
2.3. Humidity
For some species, such as rats and gerbils, the relative
humidity may need to be controlled within a fairly narrow range
to minimise the possibility of health or welfare problems,
whereas other species, such as dogs, tolerate well wide
fluctuations in humidity levels.
2.4. Lighting
Where natural light does not provide an appropriate light/dark
cycle, it is necessary to provide controlled lighting both to
satisfy the biological requirements of the animals and to provide
a satisfactory working environment. Exposure of some species to
bright light should be avoided and darker areas for withdrawal
should be available within the animal enclosures. There should be
adequate illumination for the performance of husbandry procedures
and inspection of the animals. Regular photoperiods and intensity
of light suitable to the species should be provided and
interruptions to these should be avoided. When keeping albino
animals, one should take into account their sensitivity to light.
Consideration should be given to the inclusion of windows in
holding rooms, since they are a source of natural light and can
provide environmental enrichment for some species, especially
non-human primates, dogs, cats, some farm animals and other large
mammals.
2.5. Noise
Noise can be a disturbing factor for animals. High noise
levels and sudden noises can cause stress which, in addition to
the welfare consequences for the animal, may influence
experimental data. Noise levels within the hearing ranges of
animals, including in some cases ultrasound, that is, sound above
the hearing range of the human being, conventionally taken to be
sounds exceeding 20 kHz, should be minimised particularly during
their resting phase. Alarm systems should sound outside the
sensitive hearing range of the animals, where this does not
conflict with their audibility to humans. The layout of rooms and
corridors can be major factors influencing the acoustic
environment and this should be taken into account in their
design. Holding rooms should be provided with adequate noise
insulation and absorption materials.
2.6. Alarm systems
A technologically dependent animal facility is a vulnerable
entity. It is strongly recommended that such facilities are
appropriately protected to detect hazards such as fires, the
intrusion of unauthorised persons, and the breakdown of essential
equipment, such as ventilation fans, air heaters or coolers and
humidifiers.
Animal facilities which rely heavily on electrical or
mechanical equipment for environmental control and protection
should have a stand-by system to maintain essential services and
emergency lighting systems as well as to ensure that alarm
systems themselves do not fail to operate.
Heating and ventilation systems should be equipped with
monitoring devices and alarms to ensure that any faults can be
quickly identified and promptly rectified.
Clear instructions on emergency procedures should be
prominently displayed. Alarms are recommended for water tanks for
fish and other aquatic animals in case of failure of the water or
air supply. Care should be taken to ensure that the operation of
an alarm system causes as little disturbance as possible to the
animals.
3. Education and training
All persons involved in caring for, or otherwise involved
with, animals being bred, held or used for experimental or other
scientific purposes should be appropriately educated and trained
to the standard recommended in the Resolution on education and
training of persons working with laboratory animals adopted by
the Multilateral Consultation of the Parties to the Convention on
3 December 1993.
4. Care
4.1. Health
4.1.1. Animals within an animal facility are totally dependent
on humans for their health and well-being. The physical and
psychological state of the animals will be influenced by their
local environment, food, water and the care and attention
provided by the animal care staff.
A strategy should be in place in all establishments to ensure
that an appropriate health status is maintained, which safeguards
animal welfare and meets scientific requirements. This strategy
should include a microbiological surveillance programme, plans
for dealing with health breakdowns, and should define health
parameters and procedures for the introduction of new
animals.
4.1.2. The person responsible for the establishment should
ensure regular inspection of the animals and supervision of the
accommodation and care by a veterinarian or other competent
person. Inspection of the animals should be made at least daily
by a person trained in accordance with paragraph 3 of the General
section, to ensure that all sick or injured animals are
identified and appropriate action taken. Regular health
monitoring should be carried out.
4.1.3. Because of the potential risk of contamination of
animals and staff presented by the handling of animals,
particular attention should be paid to the institution of hygiene
procedures and supervision of staff health.
4.2. Capture from the wild
4.2.1. When animals need to be captured, it should only be
done by humane methods and by persons competent to apply them.
The impact of the capturing procedures on the remaining wildlife
and habitats should be minimised.
4.2.2. Any animal found, at or after capture, to be injured or
in poor health should be examined by a competent person as soon
as possible, and appropriate action taken. This may require
referral to a veterinarian for treatment, or, in the case of
serious injury, the animal should be killed immediately by a
humane method, in line with the principles set out in the
European Commission Recommendations for the euthanasia of
experimental animals (Part 1 and Part 2). Appropriate and
sufficient transport containers and means of transport should be
available at capture sites, in case animals need to be moved for
examination or treatment.
4.2.3. Special consideration should be given to the
acclimatisation, quarantine, housing, husbandry and care of wild
caught animals. The eventual fate of wild caught animals
following the conclusion of scientific procedures should also be
given due consideration before the work begins. This is to ensure
that the practical difficulties and welfare issues associated
with any subsequent release to the wild can be satisfactorily
addressed.
4.3. Transport of animals
4.3.1. For animals, transportation is a stressful experience
which should be mitigated as far as possible. The following
principles should apply to all animal movements, from short
journeys by vehicle within scientific establishments to
international transportation.
Animals should be transported in accordance with the
principles of the European Convention on the Protection of
Animals during International Transport (ETS No. 65 and ETS No.
193), having regard to the Resolution on the acquisition and
transport of laboratory animals, adopted by the May 1997
Multilateral Consultation of the Parties to Convention ETS No.
123.
4.3.2. Both sender and recipient should agree the conditions
of transport, departure and arrival times to ensure that full
preparation can be made for the animals' arrival. The sender
should ensure that the animals are examined and found to be fit
for transport before being placed in the transport container.
4.3.3. Animals that are sick or injured shall not be
considered fit for transport, except for slightly injured or sick
animals whose transport would not cause additional suffering, or
where the transport is under veterinary supervision for, or
following, veterinary treatment.
Sick or injured animals may also be transported for
experimental or other scientific purposes approved by the
relevant competent authority, if the illness or injury is part of
the research programme. No additional suffering should be imposed
by the transport of such animals, and particular attention should
be paid to any additional care which may be required. A competent
person should confirm that such animals are fit for the intended
journey.
4.3.4. The person responsible for the transport of the animals
has the overall control over the organisation, carrying out and
completion of the whole journey, regardless of whether duties are
subcontracted to other Parties during transport.
4.3.5. The person in charge of the welfare of the animals has
direct physical responsibility for the care of the animals during
transport. Such a person may be the attendant or the driver of a
vehicle if fulfilling the same role. The person in charge of the
welfare of animals being transported should be aware of the
special needs of the laboratory animals in their care.
4.3.6. The route should be planned in order to ensure that the
transport is carried out efficiently to minimise journey time,
from loading to unloading, and to avoid delays in order to limit
any stress and suffering of the animals. Care is needed to ensure
that animals are maintained under suitable environmental
conditions for the species, and that measures are taken to
minimise sudden movements, excessive noise, or vibration during
transport.
4.3.7. Where appropriate, the container should be designed to
prevent or restrict the entry or spread of micro-organisms. It
should allow visual inspection of the animals without
compromising the microbiological status of the animals.
4.3.8. On arrival at their destination the animals should be
removed from their transport containers and examined by a
competent person with the least possible delay. Animals which are
sick, injured or otherwise out of condition, should be kept under
close observation and housed separately from other animals. These
animals should be provided with veterinary treatment as
appropriate or, if deemed necessary, promptly killed by a humane
method.
4.4. Quarantine, acclimatisation and isolation
The objectives of quarantine and isolation periods are:
a. to protect other animals in the establishment;
b. to protect man against zoonotic infection; and
c. together with an acclimatisation period, to foster
good scientific practice.
According to the circumstances, these periods may vary and are
either
determined by the national regulations of the Party, or a
competent person, normally the veterinarian appointed by the
establishment.
4.4.1. Quarantine
Quarantine is defined as a period of housing newly introduced
or reintroduced animals separate from existing animals in the
establishment to establish the state of health of the animals and
to prevent the introduction of disease. Such a period is
recommended when the health status of the animal is not
known.
4.4.2. Acclimatisation
A period of acclimatisation is needed to allow animals to
recover from transport stress, to become accustomed to a new
environment and to husbandry and care practices. Even when the
animals are seen to be in good health, it is necessary for them
to undergo a period of acclimatisation before being used in a
procedure. The time required depends on several factors, such as
the stress to which the animals have been subjected which in turn
depends on several factors such as the duration of the
transportation and the age of the animal and change of the social
environment. It should also be taken into account that
international transport may necessitate an extended period of
acclimatization due to disturbance of the diurnal rhythm of the
animals.
4.4.3. Isolation
A period of isolation is intended to reduce the risk of
infection to other animals or humans. Any animal suspected of
posing such a risk should be housed in a separate facility.
4.5. Housing and enrichment
4.5.1. Introduction
All animals should be allowed adequate space to express a wide
behavioural repertoire. Animals should be socially housed
wherever possible and provided with an adequately complex
environment within the animal enclosure to enable them to carry
out a range of normal behaviours. Restricted environments can
lead to behavioural and physiological abnormalities and affect
the validity of scientific data.
Consideration should be given to the potential impact of the
type of accommodation, and that of the environmental and social
enrichment programmes, on the outcome of scientific studies, in
order to avoid the generation of invalid scientific data and
consequential animal wastage.
The housing and enrichment strategies used in breeding,
supplying and user establis …
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