Par Latvijas Republikas un Turcijas Republikas brīvās tirdzniecības līgumu

Par Latvijas Republikas un Turcijas Republikas brīvās tirdzniecības līgumu Uzmanību! Jūs lietojat neatbilstošu interneta pārlūkprogrammu. Lai varētu lietot visas Likumi.lv piedāvātās iespējas, piedāvājam BEZ MAKSAS ielādēt jaunāku pārlūkprogrammas versiju. Iesakām izmēģināt arī vietnes MOBILO VERSIJU - m.likumi.lv (piemērota arī mazāk jaudīgiem datoriem). nerādīt turpmāk šo paziņojumu Apstiprināt Paldies par viedokli!   Rādīt vēlāk LATVIJAS REPUBLIKAS TIESĪBU AKTI veidi tēmas visvairāk skatītie jaunākie LV  EN uz sākumu meklēt Izvērstā meklēšana Noklusējuma vērtības Izvērstā meklēšana Kā meklēt? Meklēt nosaukumā meklēt locījumos meklēt frāzi Meklēt tekstā meklēt locījumos meklēt frāzi Izdevējs Veids nemeklēt grozījumos Pieņemts Stājas spēkā Dokumenta Nr. līdz līdz Publicēts LV Zaudējis spēku Redakcija uz līdz līdz Statuss: spēkā esošs vēl nav spēkā zaudējis spēku meklēt notīrīt Saeima ir pieņēmusi un Valsts prezidents izsludina šādu likumu: Par Latvijas Republikas un Turcijas Republikas brīvās tirdzniecības līgumu 1.pants. 1998.gada 16.jūnijā Ankarā parakstītais Latvijas Republikas un Turcijas Republikas brīvās tirdzniecības līgums (turpmāk — Līgums) ar šo likumu tiek pieņemts un apstiprināts. 2 2.pants. Likums stājas spēkā tā izsludināšanas dienā. Līdz ar likumu izsludināms Līgums angļu valodā un tā tulkojums latviešu valodā. 3 3.pants. Līgums stājas spēkā tā 37.pantā noteiktajā laikā un kārtībā, un par to Ārlietu ministrija paziņo laikrakstā "Latvijas Vēstnesis". 4 Likums Saeimā pieņemts 1999.gada 4.martā. Valsts prezidents G.Ulmanis Rīgā 1999.gada 23.martā FREE TRADE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF LATVIA AND THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY PREAMBLEThe Republic of Turkey (hereinafter referred to as "Turkey") and the Republic of Latvia (hereinafter referred to as "Latvia");RECALLING their intention to participate actively in the process of economic integration in Europe and expressing their preparedness to co-operate in seeking ways and means to strengthen this process;REFERRING to the Agreement Establishing an Association between Turkey and the European Economic Community and Agreement on Free Trade and Trade-Related Matters between the European Communities and the Republic of Latvia;HAVING regard to the experience gained from the co-operation developed between the Parties to this Agreement (hereinafter referred to as "the Parties") as well as between them and their main trading partners;DECLARING their willingness to take action with a view to promoting harmonious development of their trade as well as to expanding and diversifying their mutual co-operation in the fields of common interest, including fields not covered by this Agreement, thus creating a framework and supportive environment based on equality, non discrimination, and a balance of rights and obligations;RESOLVED to lay down for this purpose provisions aimed at the progressive abolition of the obstacles to trade between the Parties in accordance with the provisions of these instruments, in particular those concerning the establishment of free trade areas;RECALLING the mutual interest of the Parties in the continual reinforcement of the multilateral trading system and considering their relations to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (herein after referred to as "GATT") and the World Trade Organization (herein after referred to as "WTO"), the provisions and instruments of which constitute a basis for their foreign trade policy;CONSIDERING the respective commitments of the Parties to free trade and in particular to compliance with the rights and obligations arising out of the GATT and the WTO.HAVE DECIDED, in pursuance of these objectives, to conclude the following Agreement (hereinafter referred to as "this Agreement"):ARTICLE 1Objectives1. Turkey and Latvia establish a free trade area upon the entry into force of this Agreement, in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement and in conformity with those of the GATT 1994 and the WTO.2. The objectives of this Agreement are:(a) to promote, through the expansion of reciprocal trade, the harmonious development of the economic relations between the Parties;(b) to provide fair conditions of competition for trade between the Parties;(c) to contribute in this way, by removal of barriers to trade, to the harmonious development and expansion of world trade;(d) to enhance cooperation between the Parties.ARTICLE 2Basic Duties1. For commercial exchanges covered by this Agreement, the Latvian Combined Nomenclature shall be applied to the classification of goods for imports into Latvia. The Turkish Customs Tariffs shall be applied to the classification of goods for imports into Turkey.2. For each product originating in the Parties the basic duty to which successive reductions set out in this Agreement are to be applied shall be the MFN duty that applied in the Parties, erga omnes, on the date of entry into force of this Agreement.3. If after entry into force of this Agreement, any tariff reduction is applied on an erga omnes basis, in particular, reductions resulting from the tariff agreement concluded as a result of the GATT Uruguay Round, such reduced duties shall replace the basic duties referred to in paragraph 2 as from that date when such reductions are applied.4. The Parties shall communicate to each other their respective basic duties.CHAPTER IINDUSTRIAL PRODUCTSARTICLE 3Scope1. The provisions of this Chapter shall apply to products falling within Chapters 25 to 97 of Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System with the exception of the products listed in Annex I.ARTICLE 4Customs Duties on Imports and Charges Having Equivalent Effect1. No new customs duty on imports or charge having equivalent effect shall be introduced in trade between the Parties from the date of entry into force of this Agreement.2. The Parties shall abolish on their imports from each other all customs duties and charges having equivalent effect on imports on the date of entry into force of this Agreement, with the exception of those listed in Annex II.3. Customs duties for products originating in the Parties which are listed in Annex II to this Agreement shall be abolished in accordance with the conditions set out therein.ARTICLE 5Customs Duties of a Fiscal NatureNo Customs duties of a fiscal nature shall be introduced in trade between the Parties. The provisions of Article 4 concerning the abolition of customs duties on imports shall also apply to customs duties of a fiscal nature.ARTICLE 6Customs Duties on Exports and Charges Having Equivalent Effect1. No new customs duty on exports or charge having equivalent effect shall be introduced in trade between the Parties.2. Customs duties on exports and any charges having equivalent effect shall be abolished between the Parties upon entry into force of this Agreement, with the exception of those listed in Annex II, which shall be abolished by Latvia at the latest by the end of 1998.ARTICLE 7Quantitative Restrictions on Imports and Measures Having Equivalent Effect1. No new quantitative restriction on imports or measure having equivalent effect shall be introduced in trade between the Parties from the date of entry into force of this Agreement.2. Quantitative restrictions on imports shall be abolished between the Parties upon the date of entry into force of this Agreement.ARTICLE 8Quantitative Restrictions on Exports and Measures Having Equivalent Effect1. No new quantitative restriction on exports or measure having equivalent effect shall be introduced in trade between the Parties as from the date of entry into force of this Agreement.2. Quantitative restrictions on exports and any measures having equivalent effect shall be abolished upon the date of entry into force of this Agreement.ARTICLE 9Trade in Textile ProductsProtocol A lays down the other arrangements applicable to the textile products.CHAPTER IIAGRICULTURAL, PROCESSED AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY PRODUCTSARTICLE 10Scope1. The provisions of this Chapter shall apply to agricultural, processed agricultural and fishery products originating in the Parties.2. The term "agricultural products" means for the purpose of this Agreement the products falling within Chapters 1 to 24 of the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System and the products listed in Annex I.3. In trade between the Parties from the date of entry into force of this Agreement no new customs duty on import or exports or charges having equivalent effect shall be introduced, nor shall those already applied be increased.ARTICLE 11Exchange of Concessions1. The Parties to this Agreement declare their readiness to foster, in so far as their agricultural policies allow, the harmonious development of trade in agricultural products and to discuss this issue periodically in the Joint Committee.2. In pursuance of this objective Protocol B providing for measures to facilitate trade in agricultural, processed agricultural and fishery products has been concluded between the Parties.ARTICLE 12Sanitary and Phytosanitary MeasuresThe parties shall not apply their regulations in sanitary and phytosanitary matters as an arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restriction on trade between them.CHAPTER IIIRIGHT OF ESTABLISHMENT AND SUPPLY OF SERVICESARTICLE 131. The Parties shall seek to widen the scope of the Agreement to cover the right of establishment of firms of one Party in the territory of the other Party and the liberalization of the provision of services by one Party's firms to consumers of services in the other.2. The Parties will discuss this cooperation in the Joint Committee with the aim of developing and deepening their relations under this Article.CHAPTER IVCOMMON PROVISIONSARTICLE 14Internal Taxation1. The Parties to this Agreement shall refrain from any measure or practice of an internal fiscal nature establishing, whether directly or indirectly, discrimination between the products originating in the Parties.2. Exporters may not benefit from repayment of internal taxes in excess of the amount of direct or indirect taxes imposed on products exported to the territory of one of the Parties.ARTICLE 15Trade Relations Governed by Other Agreements1. This Agreement shall not prevent the maintenance or establishment of customs unions, free trade areas or arrangements for frontier trade to the extent that these do not negatively affect the trade regime and in particular the provisions concerning rules of origin provided for by this Agreement.2. Exchange of information between the Parties shall take place, on request, within the Joint Committee concerning agreements establishing such customs unions or free trade areas.ARTICLE 16Structural Adjustment1. Exceptional measures of limited duration which derogate from the provisions of Article 4 may be taken by the Parties in the form of increased customs import duties.2. These measures may only concern infant industries, or certain sectors undergoing restructuring or facing serious difficulties, particularly where these difficulties produce important social problems.3. Customs duties on imports applicable in the Parties to products originating in the other Party introduced by these measures may not exceed 25 % ad valorem and shall maintain an element of preference for products originating in the other Party. The total value of imports of the products which are subject to these measures may not exceed 15 % of total imports of industrial products from the other Party as defined in Article 3, during the last year for which statistics are available.4. These measures shall be applied for a period not exceeding three years and shall cease to apply at the latest by the end of the third year from the date of entry into force of the Agreement.5. No such measure can be introduced in respect of a product if more than three years have elapsed since the elimination of all duties and quantitative restrictions or charges or measures having an equivalent effect concerning that product.6. The Parties shall inform the Joint Committee of any exceptional measures they intend to take and, at the request of either Party, consultations shall be held in the Joint Committee on such measures and the sectors to which they apply before they are applied. When taking such measures the Party concerned shall provide the Joint Committee with a schedule for the elimination of the customs duties introduced under this Article. This schedule shall provide for a phasing out of these duties starting at the latest two years after their introduction at equal annual rates. The Joint Committee may decide on a different schedule.ARTICLE 17DumpingIf a Party finds that dumping, within the meaning of Article VI of GATT is taking place in trade relations governed by this Agreement, it may take appropriate measures against this practice in accordance with Article VI of the GATT and WTO Agreement on implementation of Article VI of the GATT 1994 and the rules established by agreements related to that Article, under the conditions and in accordance with the procedures laid down in Article 21.ARTICLE 18General SafeguardsWhere any product is being imported in such increased quantities and under such conditions as to cause, or threaten to cause:(a) serious injury to domestic producers of like or directly competitive products in the territory of one of the Parties, or(b) serious disturbances in any sector of the economy or difficulties which could bring about serious deterioration in the economic situation of a region,the Party concerned may take appropriate measures under the conditions and in accordance with the procedures laid down in Article 21 of this Agreement, Article XIX of the GATT 1994 and the WTO Agreement on safeguards.ARTICLE 19Re-export and Serious ShortageWhere compliance with the provisions of Articles 4-8 leads to:1. re-export towards a third country against which the exporting Party to this Agreement maintains, for the product concerned, quantitative export restrictions, export duties or measures or charges having equivalent effect; or2. a serious shortage, or threat thereof, of a product essential to the exporting Party;and where the situations referred to above give rise, or are likely to give rise to major difficulties for the exporting Party, that Party may take appropriate measures under the conditions and in accordance with the procedures laid down in Article 21. The measures shall be non-discriminatory and be eliminated when conditions no longer justify their maintenance.ARTICLE 20State MonopoliesThe Parties shall progressively adjust any state monopolies of a commercial character so as to ensure that by the end of 1998, no discrimination regarding the conditions under which goods are procured and marketed will exist between nationals of the Parties. The Joint Committee will be informed about the measures adopted to implement this objective.ARTICLE 21Procedure for the Application of Safeguard Measures1. Before initiating the procedure for the application of safeguard measures set out in this Article, the Parties to this Agreement shall endeavor to solve any differences between themselves through direct consultations, and shall inform the other Party.2. In the cases specified in Articles 16, 17, 18 and 19 a Party which is considering to resort to safeguard measures shall promptly notify the Joint Committee. The Party concerned shall provide the Joint Committee with all relevant information and give it the assistance required to examine the case. Consultations between the Parties shall take place without delay in the Joint Committee with a view to finding a commonly acceptable solution.3. If, within one month of the matter being referred to the Joint Committee, the Party in question fails to put an end to the practice objected to or to the difficulties notified and in the absence of a decision by the Joint Committee in the matter, the concerned Party may adopt the safeguard measures it considers necessary to remedy the situation.4. The safeguard measures taken shall be notified immediately to the Joint Committee. They shall be restricted, with regard to their extent and to their duration, to what is strictly necessary in order to rectify the situation giving rise to their application and shall not be in excess of the damage caused by the practice or the difficulty in question. Priority shall be given to such measures that will least disturb the functioning of this Agreement.5. The safeguard measures taken shall be the subject of regular consultations within the Joint Committee with a view to their relaxation, or abolition when conditions no longer justify their maintenance.6. Where exceptional circumstances requiring immediate action make prior examination impossible, the Party concerned may, in the case of Articles 16, 17, 18, 19, 25 and 26, apply forthwith the precautionary measures strictly necessary to remedy the situation. The measures shall be notified without delay to the Joint Committee and consultations between the Parties to this Agreement shall take place within the Joint Committee.ARTICLE 22Rules of Origin and Cooperation in Customs Administration1. Protocol C lays down the rules of origin and methods of administrative cooperation.2. The Parties shall take all appropriate measures, including arrangements regarding administrative cooperation, to ensure that the provisions of Articles 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 of this Agreement and Protocol C are effectively and harmoniously applied, taking into account the need to reduce as far as possible the formalities imposed on trade and the need to achieve mutually satisfactory solutions to any difficulties arising out of the operation of those provisions.ARTICLE 23General ExceptionsThis Agreement shall not preclude prohibitions or restrictions on imports, exports or goods in transit justified on grounds of public morality, public order or public security, the protection of health and life of humans, animals or plants and of environment, the protection of national treasures possessing artistic, historic or archaeological value, or the protection of industrial and commercial property, or rules relating to gold or silver or the conservation of exhaustible natural resources. Such prohibitions or restrictions shall not, however, constitute a means of arbitrary discrimination or a disguised restriction on trade between the Parties.ARTICLE 24PaymentsThe Parties undertake to authorize, in freely convertible currency, in accordance to the provisions of Article VIII of the Articles of the Agreement of the International Monetary Fund, any payments on the current account of balance of payments to the extent that the transactions underlying the payments concern movements of goods.ARTICLE 25Rules of Competition Concerning Undertakings, Public Aid1. The following are incompatible with the proper functioning of this Agreement, in so far as they affect trade between the Parties:(a) all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices between undertakings which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition;(b) abuse by one or more undertakings of a dominant position in the territories of the Parties as a whole or in a substantial part thereof;(c) any public aid which distorts or threatens to distort competition by favoring certain undertakings or the production of certain goods. The provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to products referred in Chapter II.2. Each Party shall ensure transparency in the area of public aid inter alia by reporting annually to the other Party on the total amount and the distribution of the aid given and by providing, upon request, information on aid schemes. Upon request by one Party, the other Party shall provide information on particular individual cases of public aid.3. If Turkey or Latvia considers that a particular practice is incompatible with the terms of the first paragraph of this Article, and:(a) is not adequately dealt with under the implementing rules referred to in paragraph 3 of this Article, or(b) in the absence of such rules, and if such practice causes or threatens to cause serious prejudice to the interest of the other Party or material injury to its domestic industry, it may take appropriate measures under the conditions of and accordance with the provisions laid down in Article 21 of this Agreement.4. In the case of practices incompatible with paragraph 1.c) of this Article, such appropriate measures may, where the WTO/GATT 1994 applies thereto, only be adopted in conformity with the procedures and under the conditions laid down by the WTO/GATT 1994 and any other relevant instrument negotiated under its auspices which are applicable between the Parties.5. Notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary adopted in conformity with paragraph 3 of this Article, the Parties shall exchange information taking into account the limitations imposed by the requirements of professional and business secrecy.ARTICLE 26Balance of Payments DifficultiesWhere either Party is in serious balance of payment difficulties or under threat thereof, Turkey and Latvia as the case may be, may, in accordance with the conditions laid down within the framework of GATT and with Article VIII of the Articles of Agreement of International Monetary Fund, adopt restrictive measures including measures related to imports, which shall be of limited duration and may not go beyond what is necessary to remedy the balance of payment situation. Either Party, as the case may be, shall inform the other Party forthwith and present to the other Party, as soon as possible, of a time schedule of their removal.ARTICLE 27Intellectual, Industrial and Commercial Property1. Pursuant to the provisions of this Article and of Annex IV, by 1.1.1999, the Parties shall ensure adequate and effective protection of intellectual, industrial and commercial property rights in accordance with the international standards, including effective means of enforcing such rights.2. If problems in the area of intellectual, industrial and commercial property affecting trading conditions were to occur, urgent consultations within the Joint Committee will be undertaken, at the request of either party, with a view to reaching mutually satisfactory solutions.ARTICLE 28Public Procurement1. The Parties consider the opening up of the award of public contracts on the basis of non-discrimination and reciprocity, to be a desirable objective.2. As of the entry into force of this Agreement, both Parties shall grant each other's companies access to contract award procedures a treatment no less favorable than that granted to companies of any other country according to the provisions of their internal legislation.ARTICLE 29Establishment of the Joint Committee1. A Joint Committee is hereby established in which each Party shall be represented. The Joint Committee shall be responsible for the administration of this Agreement and shall ensure its proper implementation.2. For the purpose of the proper implementation of this Agreement, the Parties shall exchange information and, at the request of any Party, shall hold consultations within the Joint Committee. The Joint Committee shall keep under review the possibility of further removal of the obstacles to trade between the Parties.3. The Joint Committee may, in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 3 of Article 30, take decisions in the cases provided for in this Agreement. On other matters the Joint Committee may make recommendations.ARTICLE 30Procedures of the Joint Committee1. For the proper implementation of this Agreement, the Joint Committee shall meet at an appropriate level whenever necessary upon request but at least once a year. Either Party may request a meeting to be held.2. The Joint Committee shall act by common agreement.3. If a representative in the Joint Committee of a Party to this Agreement has accepted a decision subject to the fulfillment of constitutional requirements, the decision shall enter into force, if no later date is contained therein, on the day the lifting of the reservation notified.4. The Joint Committee shall adopt its rules of procedure which shall, inter alia, contain provisions for convening meetings and for the designation of the Chairman and his/her term of office.5. The Joint Committee may decide to set up such sub-committees and working parties as it considers necessary to assist it in accomplishing its tasks.ARTICLE 31Security ExceptionsNothing in this Agreement shall prevent a Party from taking any measures which it considers necessary:(a) to prevent the disclosure of information contrary to its essential security interests;(b) for the protection of its essential security interests or for the implementation of international obligations or national policies;i) relating to the traffic in arms, ammunition and implements of war and to such traffic in other goods provided that such measures do not impair the conditions of competition in respect of products not intended for specifically military purposes materials and services as is carried on directly or indirectly for the purpose of supplying a military establishment; orii) relating to the non-proliferation of biological and chemical weapons, nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices; oriii) in time of war or other serious international tension constituting threat of war.ARTICLE 32Fulfillment of Obligations1. The Parties shall take all necessary measures to ensure the achievement of the objectives of this Agreement and the fulfillment of their obligations under this Agreement.2. If either Party considers that the other has failed to fulfill an obligation under this Agreement, the Party concerned may take the appropriate measures under the conditions and in accordance with the procedures laid down in Article 21.ARTICLE 33Evolutionary Clause1. Where either Party considers that it would be useful in the interest of the economies of the Parties to develop the relations established by this Agreement by extending them to fields not covered thereby, it shall submit a reasoned request to the other Party. The Parties may instruct the Joint Committee to examine this request and, where appropriate, to make recommendations to them, particularly with a view to opening negotiations.2. Agreements resulting from the procedure referred to in paragraph 1 will be subject to ratification or approval by the Parties to this Agreement in accordance with their internal legal procedures.ARTICLE 34AmendmentsAmendments to this Agreement other than those referred to in paragraph 3 of Article 29, which are approved by the Joint Committee shall be submitted to the Parties for ratification or acceptance in accordance with their internal legal procedures and shall enter into force in accordance with the provisions of Article 37.ARTICLE 35Protocols and AnnexesProtocols and Annexes to this Agreement are an integral part of this Agreement. The Joint Committee may decide to amend the Protocols and Annexes in accordance with the provision of paragraph 3 of the Article 30.ARTICLE 36ExpirationEach party may denounce this Agreement by means of a written notification to the other Party. This Agreement shall cease to apply six months after the date of receipt of such notification.ARTICLE 37Entry into ForceThis Agreement shall enter into force on the first day of the second month, following the date on which the Parties have notified each other through diplomatic channels, that their internal legal requirements for the entry into force of this Agreement have been fulfilled.IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned plenipotentiaries, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this Agreement.DONE at Ankara, this 16 th day of June, 1998, in two originals each in the English language both texts being equally authentic. ANNEX I List of products referred to in Article 3 HEADINGBRIEF PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2905 43 00- - Mannitol2905 44- - D-glucitol (sorbitol)3302Mixtures of odoriferous substances and mixtures (including alcoholic solutions) with a basis of one or more of these substances, of a kind used as raw materials in industry; other preparations based on odoriferous substances, of a kind used for the manufacture of beverages:3302 10 29- - - - - Other3501 10- Casein:3501 10 10- - For the manufacture of regenerated textile fibres3501 10 50- - For industrial uses Other than the manufacture of foodstuffs or fodder3501 10 90- - Other3501 90- Other:3501 90 90- - Other3502Albumins (including concentrates of two or more whey proteins, containing by weight more than 80% whey proteins, calculated on the dry matter), albuminates and Other albumin derivatives:- Egg albumin:3502 11- - Dried:3502 11 10- - - Unfit, or to be rendered unfit, for human consumption3502 11 90- - - Other3502 19- - Other:3502 19 10- - - Unfit, or to be rendered unfit, for human consumption3502 19 90- - - Other3502 20- Milk albumin, including concentrates of two or more whey proteins:3502 20 10- - Unfit, or to be rendered unfit, for human consumption- - Other:3502 20 91- - - Dried (for example, in sheets, scales, flakes, powder)3502 20 99- - - Other- Other:- - Albumins, Other than egg albumin and milk albumin (lactalbumin):3502 90 20- - - Unfit, or to be rendered unfit, for human consumption3502 90 70- - - Other3502 90 90- - Albuminates and Other albumin derivatives3505 10- Dextrins and Other modified starches3505 10 10- - Dextrins3505 10 90- - Other3505 20- Glues3809Finishing agents, dye carriers to accelerate the dyeing or fixing of dyestuffs and Other products and preparations (for example, dressings and mordants), of a kind used in the textile, paper, leather or like industries, not elsewhere specified or included:3809 10- With a basis of amylaceous substances- Other:3809 91 00- - Of a kind used in the textile or like industries (excluding 3809 91 00 90 11 19)3809 92 00- - Of a kind used in the paper or like industries (excluding 3809 92 00 90 00)3809 93 00- - Of a kind used in the leather or like industries (excluding 3809 93 00 90 00)3824 60- Sorbitol Other than that of subheading 2905 444501Natural cork, raw or simply prepared; waste cork; crushed, granulated or ground cork:4501 10 00- Natural cork, raw or simply prepared4501 90 00- Other5201 00Cotton, not carded or combed5301Flax, raw or processed but not spun; flax tow and waste (including yarn waste and gartnetted stock)5302True hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), raw or processed but not spun; tow and waste of true hemp (including yarn waste and gartnetted stock) ANNEX II The customs duties for the products listed below shall be:- reduced to the 70% of the basic duty with the entry into force of the Agreement,- reduced to the 40% of the basic duty on 1.1.1999,- eliminated on 1.1.2000.CATEGORYCN TARIFF CODEDESCRIPTION15204 11 005204 19 00- - Containing 85 % or more by weight of cotton- - Other5205Cotton yarn (other than sewing thread), containing 85 % or more by weight of cotton, not put up for retail sale5206Cotton yarn (other than sewing thread), containing less than 85 % by weight of cotton, not put up for retail sale5604 90 00 *502520852095210521152125811 00 00 * 91* 926308 00 00 * 11* 19Woven fabrics of cotton, containing 85 % or more by weight of cotton, weighing not more than 200 g/m2Woven fabrics of cotton, containing less than 85 % by weight of cotton, mixed mainly or solely with man-made fibres, weighing not more than 200 g/m2Woven fabrics of cotton, containing less than 85 % by weight of cotton, mixed mainly or solely with man-made fibres, weighing not more than 200 g/m2Other woven fabrics of cotton46105 10 006105 20 106105 20 906105 90 10- Of cotton- - Of synthetic fibres- - Of artificial fibres- - Of wool or fine animal hair6109 10 006109 90 106109 90 30- Of cotton- - Of wool or fine animal hair- - Of man-made fibres6110 20 106110 30 10- - Lightweight fine knit roll, polo or turtle neck jumpers and pullovers- - Lightweight fine knit roll, polo or turtle neck jumpers and pullovers56101 10 906101 20 906101 30 90- - Anoraks (including ski-jackets), wind-cheaters, wind-jackets and similar articles- - Anoraks (including ski-jackets), wind-cheaters, wind-jackets and similar articles- - Anoraks (including ski-jackets), wind-cheaters, wind-jackets and similar articles6102 10 906102 20 906102 30 90- - Anoraks (including ski-jackets), wind-cheaters, wind-jackets and similar articles- - Anoraks (including ski-jackets), wind-cheaters, wind-jackets and similar articles- - Anoraks (including ski-jackets), wind-cheaters, wind-jackets and similar articles6110 10 106110 10 316110 10 356110 10 386110 10 916110 10 956110 10 986110 20 916110 20 996110 30 916110 30 99- - Jerseys and pullovers, containing at least 50 % by weight of wool and weighing 600 g or more per article- - - - Of wool- - - - - Of Kashmir goats- - - - - Other- - - - Of wool- - - - - Of Kashmir goats- - - - - Other- - - Men's or boys'- - - Women's or girls'- - - Men's or boys'- - - Women's or girls'76106 10 006106 20 006106 90 10- Of cotton- Of man-made fibres- - Of wool or fine animal hair6206 20 006206 30 006206 40 00- Of wool or fine animal hair- Of cotton- Of man-made fibres86205 10 006205 20 006205 30 00- Of wool or fine animal hair- Of cotton- Of man-made fibres95802 11 005802 19 006302 60 00 * 90- - Unbleached- - Other156202 11 006202 12 10 * 906202 12 90 * 906202 13 10 * 906202 13 90 * 906204 31 006204 32 906204 33 906204 39 196210 30 00- - Of wool or fine animal hair- - Of wool or fine animal hair- - - Other- - - Other- - - - Other- Other garments, of the type described in subheadings 6202 11 to 6202 19126115 12 006115 19 106115 19 906115 20 116115 20 90- - Of synthetic fibres, measuring per single yarn 67 decitex or more- - - Of wool or fine animal hair- - - Other- - - Knee-length stockings- - Of other textile materials6115 91 006115 92 006115 93 106115 93 306115 93 996115 99 00- - Of wool or fine animal hair- - Of cotton- - - Stockings for varicose veins- - - Knee-length stockings (other than stockings for varicose veins)- - - - Other- - Of other textile materials266104 41 006104 42 006104 43 006104 44 006204 41 006204 42 006204 43 006204 44 00- - Of wool or fine animal hair- - Of cotton- - Of synthetic fibres- - Of artificial fibres- - Of wool or fine animal hair- - Of cotton- - Of synthetic fibres- - Of artificial fibres276104 51 006104 52 006104 53 006104 59 006204 51 006204 52 006204 53 006204 59 10- - Of wool or fine animal hair- - Of cotton- - Of synthetic fibres- - Of other textile materials- - Of wool or fine animal hair- - Of cotton- - Of synthetic fibres- - - Of artificial fibres316212 10 00- Brassiéres ANNEX III List of products referred to in Article 6 DUTY (%)CN CODEDESCRIPTIONSince 01.07.199719981999Chapter 444403WOOD AND ARTICLES OF WOOD; WOOD CHARCOALWood in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared:4403 204403 20 1004403 20 101- Other, coniferous:- - Spruce of the kind "Picea abies Karst." or silver fir (Abies alba Mill.)--- round timber with the length over 2 metres and the diameter 14 to 24 centimetresLs 3.0Ls 3.004403 20 102--- round timber with the length over 2 metres and the diameter 26 centimetres or moreLs 4.0Ls 4.004403 20 3004403 20 301--Pine of the kind "Pinus sylvestris L."--- round timber with the length over 2 metres and the diameter 14 to 24 centimetresLs 3.0Ls 3.004403 20 302--- round timber with the length over 2 metres and the diameter 26 centimetres or moreLs 4.0Ls 4.004403 20 9004403 20 901--Other:--- round timber with the length over 2 metres and the diameter 14 to 24 centimetresLs 3.0Ls 3.004403 20 902--- round timber with the length over 2 metres and the diameter 26 centimetres or moreLs 4.0Ls 4.004403 91 0004403 91 001- - Of oak (Quercus spp.)--- oak-tree round timber with the length over 1 metre and the diameter over 14 centimetresLs 25.0Ls 25.004403 92 0004403 92 001- - Of beech (Fagus spp.)--- beech tree round timber with the length over 1 metre and the diameter over 14 centimetresLs 30.0Ls 30.004403 994403 99 5004403 99 501--Other:- - - Of birch--- round timber with the length over 1.6 metres and the diameter 16 to 24 centimetres (veneer blocks, match blocks and A-rate sawn logs)Ls 8.0Ls 8.004403 99 502--- round timber with the length over 1.6 metres and the diameter 26 centimetres or more (veneer blocks, match blocks and A-rate sawn logs)Ls 10.0Ls 10.004403 99 503--- round timber with the length over 1.6 metres and the diameter 16 to 24 centimetres (veneer blocks, match blocks and A-rate sawn logs)Ls 2.0Ls 2.004403 99 504--- round timber with the length over 1.6 metres and the diameter 26 centimetres or more (except veneer blocks, match blocks and A-rate sawn logs)Ls 3.0Ls 3.004403 99 9904403 99 9914403 99 992--- Other:---- of other deciduous trees (soft):----- round timber with the length over 1.6 metres and the diameter 16 to 24 centimetres (veneer blocks, match blocks and A-rate sawn logs)Ls 8.0Ls 8.004403 99 993----- round timber with the length over 1.6 metres and the diameter 26 centimetres or more (veneer blocks, match blocks and A-rate sawn logs)Ls 10.0Ls 10.004403 99 994----- round timber with the length over 1.6 metres and the diameter 16 to 24 centimetres (except veneer blocks, match blocks and A-rate sawn logs)Ls 2.0Ls 2.004403 99 995----- round timber with the length over 1.6 metres and the diameter 26 centimetres or more (except veneer blocks, match blocks and A-rate sawn logs)Ls 3.0Ls 3.004403 99 998---- ash-tree, elm, hornbeam, maple and other Latvia origin hard deciduous tree round timber with the length over 1 metre and the diameter 14 centimetresLs 25.0Ls 25.00Chapter 727204IRON AND STEELFerrous waste and scrap; remelting scrap ingots of iron or steel:1001000 ANNEX IV Referred to in Article 27 1. Paragraph 1 of Article 27 concerns the following multilateral conventions:- Bern Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (Paris Act, 1971);- International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organisations (Rome, 1961);- Nice Agreement concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the purposes of the Registration of Marks (Geneva, 1977 and amended in 1979);- Protocol relating to the Madrid Agreement concerning the International Registration of Marks (Madrid, 1989);- Budapest Treaty of the International Recognition of the Deposit of Micro-organisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedures (1977, modified in 1980);- International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) (Geneva Act, 1991).The Joint Committee may decide that paragraph 1 of Article 27 shall apply to other multilateral conventions.2. The Parties confirm the importance they attach to the obligations arising from the following multilateral conventions:- Madrid Agreement concerning the International Registration of Marks (Stockholm Act, 1967 and amended in 1979);- Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (Stockholm Act 1967 and amended in 1979);- Patent Co-operation Treaty (Washington 1970, amended in 1979 and modified in 1984). PROTOCOL A Referred to in Article 9 Trade in textile products between Turkey and Latvia shall continue to be regulated by the Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of Turkey and the Government of Latvia concerning trade in textiles and clothing, accepted by Note Verbale of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia dated 11 January 1996 and numbered 32/n-52-43 addressed to the Embassy of Turkey in Lithuania.This MOU will become null and void when the European Community abolishes the arrangements referred in the above mentioned Protocol. PROTOCOL B Referred to in Article 11 EXCHANGE OF AGRICULTURAL CONCESSIONS BETWEEN LATVIA AND TURKEY 1. The Products originating in Turkey listed in Annex A to this Protocol shall be imported into Latvia according to the conditions established in that Annex.2. The Products originating in Latvia listed in Annex B to this Protocol shall be imported into Turkey according to the conditions established in that Annex. Annex Ato Protocol BImports into Latvia of the following products originating in Turkey shall be subject to the concessions set out below.CN CODEDESCRIPTION OF PRODUCTSQUOTA, tDUTY RATE, (%)0406.90.29- - - Kashkaval  0406.90.31- - - - Of sheep's milk or buffalo milk in containers containing brine, or in sheep or goatskin bottles  0406.90.33- - - - Other10000406.90.50- - - - Cheese of sheep's milk or buffalo milk in containers containing brine, or in sheep or goatskin bottles  0603.10.51- - - Roses  0603.10.53- - - Carnations1500603.10.61- - - Gladioli  0603.10.65- - - Chrysanthemums  0702.00.00Tomatoes, fresh or chilled15000709.60.10- - Sweet peppers5001517Margarine; edible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils or of fractions of different fats or oils of this chapter, other than edible fats or oils or their fractions of heading No151610001604.14- - Tunas, skipjack and bonito (Sarda spp.)unlimited01604.20.70- - - Of tunas, skipjack or other fish of the genus Euthynnus  1704.10- Chewing gum, whether or not sugar-coated207.51704.90- Other2007.51806.31- - Filled  1806.32- - Not filled100151806.90- Other  1905Bread, pastry, cakes, biscuits and other bakers' wares, whether or not containing cocoa; communion wafers, empty cachets of a kind suitable for pharmaceutical use, sealing wafers, rice paper and similar products5017.52005.70- Olives10002007 (ex. 2007.91,99; excl. 2007.99.31,33,35, 55,91)Jams, fruit jellies, marmalades, fruit or nut puré e and fruit or nut pastes, being cooked preparations, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matterunlimited02008 (excl. 2008.40,60,80)Fruit, nuts and other edible parts of plants, otherwise prepared or preserved, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter or spirit, not elsewhere specified or includedunlimited02103.20- Tomato ketchup and other tomato sauces15002105Ice cream and other edible ice, whether or not containing cocoa1007.52203Beer made from malt1000 hl02401Unmanufactured tobacco; tobacco refuseunlimited0 Annex Bto Protocol BImports into Turkey of the following products originating in Latvia shall be subject to the concessions set out below.CN CODEDESCRIPTION OF PRODUCTSQUOTA, tDUTY RATE, (%)0402Milk and cream, concentrated or containing added sugar or other sweetening matter1000 *0405 (excl. 0405.20,10,30)Butter and other fats and oils derived from milk: dairy spreads10000405.20,10,30  0+EA ***0406.90 (excl. 0406.90,29,31,33, 50)- Other cheese10000709.51- - Mushrooms506.751602 (excl. 1602.41,42,49)Other prepared or preserved meat, meat offal or blood100351603Extracts and juices of meat, fish or crustaceans, molluscs or other aquatic invertebratesunlimited0 **1604Prepared or preserved fish; caviar and caviar substitutes prepared from fish eggsunlimited0 **1704.90- Other2000+EA ***1806Chocolate and other food preparations containing cocoa1000+EA ***1905Bread, pastry, cakes, biscuits and other bakers' wares, whether or not containing cocoa; communion wafers, empty cachets of a kind suitable for pharmaceutical use, sealing wafers, rice paper and similar products500+EA ***2001.9050- - Mushrooms25232003.10- Mushrooms  2103.20- Tomato ketchup and other tomato sauces15002103.90.90- - Other10002105Ice cream and other edible ice, whether or not containing cocoa1000+EA ***2106.90 (excl. 2106.90,30,51,55, 59)- Other 100 0+EA ***2106.90.92- - - Containing no milk fats, sucrose, isoglucose, glucose or starch or containing less than 1,5 % milk fat, 5 % sucrose or isoglucose, 5% glucose or starch  02203Beer made from malt1000 hl02204.10- Sparkling wine750 hl352208 (excl. 2208.90,91,10, 2208.90.99.10)Undenatured ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic strength by volume of less than 80 % vol; spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beveragesunlimited0_____________________* These quotas are foreseen for imports under the inward processing scheme.** Agricultural component, applied to the EU, will be the same for Latvia on the products contained in this Annex. The alignment of agricultural component for 1905.30, 2105.00.10.10, 2105.00.10.90, 2105.00.91.10, 2105.00.91.90 will follow the same timetable that Turkey applies for the EU and it will be completed as of 1.1.1999.*** The timetable applicable to EFTA member states are granted for Latvia, accordingly the protection rate shall be abolished gradually (as of 1.1.1999 "0" duty). PROTOCOL C Concerning the definition of the concept of "originating products" and methods of administrative co-operation TABLE OF CONTENTSTITLE I. GENERAL PROVISIONS- Article 1 DefinitionsTITLE II. DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPT OF "ORIGINATING PRODUCTS"- Article 2 General requirements- Article 3 Bilateral cumulation of origin- Article 4 Diagonal cumulation of origin- Article 5 Wholly obtained products- Article 6 Sufficiently worked or processed products- Article 7 Insufficient working or processing operations- Article 8 Unit of qualification- Article 9 Accessories, spare parts and tools- Article 10 Sets- Article 11 Neutral elementsTITLE III. TERRITORIAL REQUIREMENTS- Article 12 Principle of territoriality- Article 13 Direct transport- Article 14 ExhibitionsTITLE IV. DRAWBACK OR EXEMPTION- Article 15 Prohibition of drawback of, or exemption from, customs dutiesTITLE V. PROOF OF ORIGIN- Article 16 General requirements- Article 17 Procedure for the issue of a movement certificate EUR.1- Article 18 Movement certificates EUR.1 issued retrospectively- Article 19 Issue of a duplicate movement certificate EUR.1- Article 20 Issue of movement certificates EUR.1 on the basis of a proof of origin issued or made out previously- Article 21 Conditions for making out an invoice declaration- Article 22 Approved exporter- Article 23 Validity of proof of origin- Article 24 Submission of proof of origin- Article 25 Importation by installments- Article 26 Exemptions from proof of origin- Article 27 Supporting documents- Article 28 Preservation of proof of origin and supporting documents- Article 29 Discrepancies and formal errors- Article 30 Amounts expressed in ECUTITLE VI. ARRANGEMENTS FOR ADMINISTRATIVE COOPERATION- Article 31 Mutual assistance- Article 32 Verification of proofs of origin- Article 33 Dispute settlement- Article 34 Penalties- Article 35 Free zonesTITLE VII. FINAL PROVISIONS- Article 36 Sub Committee on customs and origin matters- Article 37 Annexes- Article 38 Amendments to the Protocol TITLE IGENERAL PROVISIONSArticle 1DefinitionsFor the purposes of this Protocol:(a) "manufacture" means any kind of working or processing including assembly or specific operations;(b) "material" means any ingredient, raw material, component or part, etc., used in the manufacture of the product;(c) "product" means the product being manufactured, even if it is intended for later use in another manufacturing operation;(d) "goods" means both materials and products;(e) "customs value" means the value as determined in accordance with the 1994 Agreement on implementation of Article VII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (WTO Agreement on customs valuation);(f) "ex-works price" means the price paid for the product ex works to the manufacturer in Latvia or Turkey in whose undertaking the last working or processing is carried out, provided the price includes the value of all the materials used, minus any internal taxes which are, or may be, repaid when the product obtained is exported;(g) "value of materials" means the customs value at the time of importation of the non-originating materials used, or, if this is not known and cannot be ascertained, the first ascertainable price paid for the materials in Latvia or Turkey;(h) "value of originating materials" means the value of such materials as defined in subparagraph (g) applied mutatis mutandis ;(i) "added value" shall be taken to be the ex-works price minus the customs value of each of the products incorporated which did not originate in the country in which those products were obtained;(j) "chapters" and "headings" mean the chapters and the headings (four-digit codes) used in the nomenclature which makes up the HarmonizedCommodity Description and Coding System, referred to in this Protocol as "the Harmonized System" or "HS";(k) "classified" refers to the classification of a product or material under a particular heading;(l) "consignment" means products which are either sent simultaneously from one exporter to one consignee or covered by a single transport document covering their shipment from the exporter to the consignee or, in the absence of such a document, by a single invoice;(m) "territories" includes territorial waters.  TITLE IIDEFINITION OF THE CONCEPT OF "ORIGINATING PRODUCTS"Article 2General requirements1. For the purpose of implementing this Agreement, the following products shall be considered as originating in Latvia:(a) products wholly obtained in Latvia within the meaning of Article 5 of this Protocol;(b) products obtained in Latvia incorporating materials which have not been wholly obtained there, provided that such materials have undergone sufficient working or processing in Latvia within the meaning of Article 6 of this Protocol.2. For the purpose of implementing this Agreement, the following products shall be considered as originating in Turkey:(a) products wholly obtained in Turkey within the meaning of Article 5 of this Protocol;(b) products obtained in Turkey incorporating materials which have not been wholly obtained there, provided that such materials have undergone sufficient working or processing in Turkey within the meaning of Article 6 of this Protocol.Article 3Bilateral cumulation of origin1. Materials originating in Latvia shall be considered as materials originating in Turkey when incorporated into a product obtained there. It shall not be necessary that such materials have undergone sufficient working or processing, provided they have undergone working or processing going beyond that referred to in Article 7(1) of this Protocol.2. Materials originating in Turkey shall be considered as materials originating in Latvia when incorporated into a product obtained there. It shall not be necessary that such materials have undergone sufficient working or processing, provided they have undergone working or processing going beyond that referred to in Article 7(1) of this Protocol.Article 4Diagonal cumulation of origin1. Subject to the provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3, materials originating in the European Communities, Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic, Bulgaria, Romania, Estonia, Lithuania, Slovenia, Iceland, Norway or Switzerland within the meaning of the Agreements between Latvia and Turkey and these countries shall be considered as originating in Latvia or Turkey when incorporated into a product obtained there. It shall not be necessary that such materials have undergone sufficient working or processing.2. Products which have acquired originating status by virtue of paragraph 1 shall only continue to be considered as products originating in Latvia or Turkey when the value added there exceeds the value of the materials used originating in any one of the other countries referred to in paragraph 1. If this is not so, the products concerned shall be considered as originating in the country referred to in paragraph 1 which accounts for the highest value of originating materials used. In the allocation of origin, no account shall be taken of materials originating in the other countries referred to in paragraph 1 which have undergone sufficient working or processing in Latvia or Turkey.3. The cumulation provided for in this Article may only be applied where the materials used have acquired the status of originating products by an application of rules of origin identical to the rules in this Protocol. Latvia and Turkey shall provide each other, with details of agreements and their corresponding rules of origin which have been concluded with the other countries referred to in paragraph 1.Article 5Wholly obtained products1. The following shall be considered as wholly obtained in Latvia or Turkey:(a) mineral products extracted from their soil or from their seabed;(b) vegetable products harvested there;(c) live animals born and raised there;(d) products from live animals raised there;(e) products obtained by hunting or fishing conducted there;(f) products of sea fishing and other products taken from the sea outside the territorial waters of Latvia or Turkey by their vessels;(g) products made aboard their factory ships exclusively from products referred to in subparagraph (f);(h) used articles collected there fit only for the recovery of raw materials, including used tyres fit only for retreading or for use as waste;(i) waste and scrap resulting from manufacturing operations conducted there;(j) products extracted from marine soil or subsoil outside their territorial waters provided that they have sole rights to work that soil or subsoil;(k) goods produced there exclusively from the products specified in subparagraphs (a) to (j).2. The terms "their vessels" and "their factory ships" in paragraph 1(f) and (g) shall apply only to vessels and factory ships:(a) which are registered or recorded in Latvia or Turkey;(b) which sail under the flag of Latvia or Turkey;(c) which are owned to an extent of at least 50 per cent by nationals of Latvia or of Turkey, or by a company with its head office in one of the Parties, of which the manager or managers, Chairman of the Board of Directors or the Supervisory Board, and the majority of the members of such boards are nationals of Latvia or Turkey and of which, in addition, in the case of partnerships or limited companies, at least half the capital belongs to Latvia or Turkey or to public bodies or nationals of Latvia or Turkey;(d) of which the master and officers are nationals of Latvia or of Turkey, and(e) of which at least 75 per cent of the crew are nationals of Latvia or of Turkey.Article 6Sufficiently worked or processed products1. For the purposes of Article 2, products which are not wholly obtained are considered to be sufficiently worked or processed when the conditions set out in the list in Annex II of this Protocol are fulfilled.The conditions referred to above indicate, for all products covered by this Agreement, the working or processing which must be carried out on non-originating materials used in manufacturing and apply only in relation to such materials. Accordingly, it follows that if a product, which has acquired originating status by fulfilling the conditions set out in the list is used in the manufacture of another product, the conditions applicable to the product in which it is incorporated do not apply to it, and no account shall be taken of the non-originating materials which may have been used in its manufacture.2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, non-originating materials which, according to the conditions set out in the list, should not be used in the manufacture of a product may nevertheless be used, provided that:(a) their total value does not exceed 10 per cent of the ex-works price of the product;(b) any of the percentages given in the list for the maximum value of non-originating materials are not exceeded through the application of this paragraph.This paragraph shall not apply to products falling within Chapters 50 to 63 of the Harmonized System.3. Paragraphs 1 and 2 shall apply except as provided in Article 7.Article 7Insufficient working or processing operations1. Without prejudice to paragraph 2, the following operations shall be considered as insufficient working or processing to confer the status of originating products, whether or not the requirements of Article 6 are satisfied:(a) operations to ensure the preservation of products in good condition during transport and storage (ventilation, spreading out, drying, chilling, placing in salt, sulphur dioxide or other aqueous solutions, removal of damaged parts, and like operations);(b) simple operations consisting of removal of dust, sifting or screening, sorting, classifying, matching (including the making-up of sets of articles), washing, painting, cutting up;(c) (i) changes of packaging and breaking up and assembly of packages;(ii) simple placing in bottles, flasks, bags, cases, boxes, fixing on cards or boards etc., and all other simple packaging operations;(d) affixing marks, labels and other like distinguishing signs on products or their packaging;(e) simple mixing of products, whether or not of different kinds, where one or more components of the mixtures do not meet the conditions laid down in this Protocol to enable them to be considered as originating in Latvia or Turkey;(f) simple assembly of parts to constitute a complete product;(g) a combination of two or more operations specified in subparagraphs (a) to (f);(h) slaughter of animals.2. All the operations carried out in either Latvia or Turkey on a given product shall be considered together when determining whether the working or processing undergone by that product is to be regarded as insufficient within the meaning of paragraph 1.Article 8Unit of qualification1. The unit of qualification for the application of the provisions of this Protocol shall be the particular product which is considered as the basic unit when determining classification using the nomenclature of the Harmonized System.Accordingly, it follows that:(a) when a product composed of a group or assembly of articles is classified under the terms of the Harmonized System in a single heading, the whole constitutes the unit of qualification;(b) when a consignment consists of a number of identical products classified under the same heading of the Harmonized System, each product must be taken individually when applying the provisions of this Protocol.2. Where, under General Rule 5 of the Harmonized System, packaging is included with the product for classification purposes, it shall be included for the purposes of determining origin.Article 9Accessories, spare parts and toolsAccessories, spare parts and tools dispatched with a piece of equipment, machine, apparatus or vehicle, which are part of the normal equipment and included in the price thereof or which are not separately invoiced, shall be regarded as one with the piece of equipment, machine, apparatus or vehicle in question.Article 10SetsSets, as defined in general rule 3 of the Harmonized System, shall be regarded as originating when all component products are originating. Nevertheless, when a set is composed of originating and non-originating products, the set as a whole shall be regarded as originating, provided that the value of the non-originating products does not exceed 15 per cent of the ex-works price of the set.Article 11Neutral elementsIn order to determine whether a product originates, it shall not be necessary to determine the origin of the following which might be used in its manufacture:(a) energy and fuel;(b) plant and equipment;(c) machines and tools;(d) goods which do not enter and which are not intended to enter into the final composition of the product.TITLE IIITERRITORIAL REQUIREMENTSArticle 12Principle of territoriality1. The conditions set out in Title II relative to the acquisition of originating status must be fulfilled without interruption in Latvia or Turkey, except as provided for in Article 4.2. If originating goods exported from Latvia or Turkey to another country are returned, except in so far as provided for in Article 4 they must be considered as non-originating, unless it can be demonstrated to the satisfaction of the customs authorities that:(a) the goods returned are the same goods as those exported; and(b) they have not undergone any operation beyond that necessary to preserve them in good c …