Lag (2012:638) om skatteavtal mellan Sverige och Mauritius

Lag (2012:638) om skatteavtal mellan Sverige och Mauritius SFS nr: 2012:638 Departement/myndighet: Finansdepartementet S3 Utfärdad: 2012-11-01 Omtryck: Ändrad: t.o.m. SFS 2012:685 Övrig text: Källa: Regeringskansliet / Lagrummet 1 § Det avtal för undvikande av dubbelbeskattning och förhindrande av skatteflykt beträffande skatter på inkomst och på förmögenhet som Sverige och Mauritius undertecknade den 1 december 2011 ska, tillsammans med det protokoll som är fogat till avtalet och som utgör en del av detta, gälla som lag här i landet. Innehållet i avtalet och protokollet som fogats till avtalet framgår av bilaga till denna lag. 2 § Avtalets beskattningsregler ska tillämpas endast till den del dessa medför inskränkning av den skattskyldighet i Sverige som annars skulle föreligga. Övergångsbestämmelser 2012:638 1. Denna lag träder i kraft den dag regeringen bestämmer. 2. Denna lag ska tillämpas i fråga om a) källskatter, på belopp som betalas eller tillgodoförs den 1 januari det år som följer närmast efter den dag då lagen träder i kraft eller senare, och b) andra skatter på inkomst, och skatter på förmögenhet, på skatt som tas ut för beskattningsår som börjar den 1 januari det år som följer närmast efter den dag då lagen träder i kraft eller senare. 3. Genom lagen upphävs lagen (1992:1195) om dubbelbeskattningsavtal mellan Sverige och Mauritius. Den upphävda författningen ska dock fortfarande tillämpas i fråga om a) källskatter, på belopp som betalas eller tillgodoförs före den 1 januari det år som följer närmast efter den dag då lagen träder i kraft, och b) andra skatter på inkomst, på skatt som tas ut för beskattningsår som börjar före den 1 januari det år som följer närmast efter den dag då lagen träder i kraft. Bilaga Convention between the Kingdom of Sweden and the Republic of Mauritius for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and on capital The Government of the Kingdom of Sweden and the Government of the Republic of Mauritius, desiring to conclude a Convention for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and on capital, have agreed as follows: Article 1 Persons covered 1. This Convention shall apply to persons who are residents of one or both of the Contracting States. 2. In the case of an item of income derived by or through a person that is fiscally transparent under the laws of either Contracting State, such item shall be considered to be derived by a resident of a State to the extent that the item is treated for the purposes of the taxation law of such State as the income of a resident. Article 2 Taxes covered 1. This Convention shall apply to taxes on income and on capital imposed on behalf of a Contracting State or of its political subdivisions or local authorities, irrespective of the manner in which they are levied. 2. There shall be regarded as taxes on income and on capital all taxes imposed on total income, on total capital, or on elements of income or of capital, including taxes on gains from the alienation of movable or immovable property, as well as taxes on capital appreciation. 3. The taxes to which this Convention shall apply are: (a) In Mauritius: the income tax (hereinafter referred to as "Mauritius tax"); (b) in Sweden: (i) the national income tax (den statliga inkomstskatten); (ii) the withholding tax on dividends (kupongskatten); (iii) the income tax on non-residents (den särskilda inkomstskatten för utomlands bosatta); (iv) the income tax on non-resident artistes and athletes (den särskilda inkomstskatten för utomlands bosatta artister m.fl.); (v) the municipal income tax (den kommunala inkomstskatten); and (vi) the net wealth tax (den statliga förmögenhetsskatten) (hereinafter referred to as "Swedish tax"). 4. The Convention shall apply also to any identical or substantially similar taxes that are imposed after the date of signature of the Convention in addition to, or in place of, the taxes referred to in paragraph 3. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall notify each other of any significant changes which have been made in their respective taxation laws. Article 3 General definitions 1. For the purposes of this Convention, unless the context otherwise requires: (a) the term "Mauritius" means all the territories, including all the islands, which, in accordance with the laws of Mauritius, constitute the State of Mauritius and includes: (i) the territorial sea of Mauritius; and (ii) any area outside the territorial sea of Mauritius which in accordance with international law has been or may hereafter be designated, under the laws of Mauritius relating to the Continental Shelf as an area within which the rights of Mauritius with respect to the sea, the sea bed and sub-soil and their natural resources may be exercised; (b) the term "Sweden" means the Kingdom of Sweden and, when used in a geographical sense, includes the national territory, the territorial sea of Sweden as well as other maritime areas over which Sweden in accordance with international law exercises sovereign rights or jurisdiction; (c) the term "person" includes an individual, a company and any other body of persons; (d) the term "company" means any body corporate or any entity that is treated as a body corporate for tax purposes; (e) the term "enterprise" applies to the carrying on of any business; (f) the terms "enterprise of a Contracting State" and "enterprise of the other Contracting State" mean respectively an enterprise carried on by a resident of a Contracting State and an enterprise carried on by a resident of the other Contracting State; (g) the term "international traffic" means any transport by a ship or aircraft operated by an enterprise of a Contracting State, except when the ship or aircraft is operated solely between places in the other Contracting State; (h) the term "national" means: (i) any individual possessing the nationality or citizenship of a Contracting State; (ii) any legal person, partnership or association deriving its status as such from the laws in force in a Contracting State; (i) the term "competent authority" means: (i) in Mauritius, the Minister to whom the responsibility for the subject of finance is assigned, his authorized representative or the authority which is designated as a competent authority for the purposes of this Convention; (ii) in Sweden, the Minister of Finance, his authorized representative or the authority which is designated as a competent authority for the purposes of this Convention; (j) the term "business" includes the performance of professional services and of other activities of an independent character. 2. As regards the application of the Convention at any time by a Contracting State, any term not defined therein shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the meaning that it has at that time under the law of that State for the purposes of the taxes to which the Convention applies, any meaning under the applicable tax laws of that State prevailing over a meaning given to the term under other laws of that State. Article 4 Resident 1. For the purposes of this Convention, the term "resident of a Contracting State" means any person who, under the laws of that State, is liable to tax therein by reason of his domicile, residence, place of management or any other criterion of a similar nature, and also includes that State, any governmental body or agency, political subdivision or local authority thereof. The term "resident of a Contracting State" does not include any person who is liable to tax in that State in respect only of income from sources in that State or capital situated therein. 2. Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then his status shall be determined as follows: (a) he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State in which he has a permanent home available to him; if he has a permanent home available to him in both States, he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State with which his personal and economic relations are closer (centre of vital interests); (b) if the State in which he has his centre of vital interests cannot be determined, or if he has not a permanent home available to him in either State, he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State in which he has an habitual abode; (c) if he has an habitual abode in both States or in neither of them, he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State of which he is a national; (d) if he is a national of both States or of neither of them, the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall settle the question by mutual agreement. 3. Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 a person other than an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall endeavour to settle the question by mutual agreement. Article 5 Permanent establishment 1. For the purposes of this Convention, the term "permanent establishment" means a fixed place of business through which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on. 2. The term "permanent establishment" includes especially: (a) a place of management; (b) a branch; (c) an office; (d) a factory; (e) a workshop; and (f) a mine, an oil or gas well, a quarry or any other place of extraction of natural resources. 3. A building site or a construction, assembly or installation project or supervisory activities in connection therewith constitutes a permanent establishment only if it lasts for more than twelve months. 4. Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, the term "permanent establishment" shall be deemed not to include: (a) the use of facilities solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise; (b) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery; (c) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of processing by another enterprise; (d) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of purchasing goods or merchandise or of collecting information, for the enterprise; (e) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of carrying on, for the enterprise, any other activity of a preparatory or auxiliary character; (f) an installation project carried on by an enterprise of a Contracting State in the other Contracting State in connection with delivery of machinery or equipment by that enterprise; (g) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for any combination of activities mentioned in sub-paragraphs (a) to (f), provided that the overall activity of the fixed place of business resulting from this combination is of a preparatory or auxiliary character. 5. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, where a person - other than an agent of an independent status to whom paragraph 6 applies - is acting on behalf of an enterprise and has, and habitually exercises, in a Contracting State an authority to conclude contracts in the name of the enterprise, that enterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in that State in respect of any activities which that person undertakes for the enterprise, unless the activities of such person are limited to those mentioned in paragraph 4 which, if exercised through a fixed place of business, would not make this fixed place of business a permanent establishment under the provisions of that paragraph. 6. An enterprise shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment in a Contracting State merely because it carries on business in that State through a broker, general commission agent or any other agent of an independent status, provided that such persons are acting in the ordinary course of their business. 7. The fact that a company which is a resident of a Contracting State controls or is controlled by a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State, or which carries on business in that other State (whether through a permanent establishment or otherwise), shall not of itself constitute either company a permanent establishment of the other. Article 6 Income from immovable property 1. Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State from immovable property (including income from agriculture or forestry) situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State. 2. The term "immovable property" shall have the meaning which it has under the law of the Contracting State in which the property in question is situated. The term shall in any case include property accessory to immovable property, livestock and equipment used in agriculture and forestry, rights to which the provisions of general law respecting landed property apply, buildings, usufruct of immovable property and rights to variable or fixed payments as consideration for the working of, or the right to work, mineral deposits, sources and other natural resources; ships, boats and aircraft shall not be regarded as immovable property. 3. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall apply to income derived from the direct use, letting, or use in any other form of immovable property. 4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 3 shall also apply to the income from immovable property of an enterprise. Article 7 Business profits 1. The profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State unless the enterprise carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein. If the enterprise carries on business as aforesaid, the profits of the enterprise may be taxed in the other State but only so much of them as is attributable to that permanent establishment. 2. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, where an enterprise of a Contracting State carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, there shall in each Contracting State be attributed to that permanent establishment the profits which it might be expected to make if it were a distinct and separate enterprise engaged in the same or similar activities under the same or similar conditions and dealing wholly independently with the enterprise of which it is a permanent establishment. 3. In determining the profits of a permanent establishment, there shall be allowed as deductions expenses which are incurred for the purposes of the business of the permanent establishment, including executive and general administrative expenses so incurred, whether in the State in which the permanent establishment is situated or elsewhere. 4. No profits shall be attributed to a permanent establishment by reason of the mere purchase by that permanent establishment of goods or merchandise for the enterprise. 5. For the purposes of the preceding paragraphs, the profits to be attributed to the permanent establishment shall be determined by the same method year by year unless there is good and sufficient reason to the contrary. 6. Where profits include items of income which are dealt with separately in other Articles of this Convention, then the provisions of those Articles shall not be affected by the provisions of this Article. Article 8 Shipping and air transport 1. Profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State from the operation of ships or aircraft in international traffic shall be taxable only in that State. 2. For the purposes of this Article the expression "operation of ships or aircraft" by an enterprise, also includes: (i) the charter or rental on a bare boat basis of ships and aircraft, and (ii) the rental of containers and related equipment; if that charter or rental is incidental to the operation by the enterprise of ships or aircraft in international traffic. 3. With respect to profits derived by the air transport consortium Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS) the provisions of paragraph 1 shall apply only to such part of the profits as corresponds to the participation held in that consortium by SAS Sverige AB, the Swedish partner of SAS. 4. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall also apply to profits from the participation in a pool, a joint business or an international operating agency. Article 9 Associated enterprises 1. Where: (a) an enterprise of a Contracting State participates directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of the other Contracting State, or (b) the same persons participate directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of a Contracting State and an enterprise of the other Contracting State, and in either case conditions are made or imposed between the two enterprises in their commercial or financial relations which differ from those which would be made between independent enterprises, then any profits which would, but for those conditions, have accrued to one of the enterprises, but, by reason of those conditions, have not so accrued, may be included in the profits of that enterprise and taxed accordingly. 2. Where a Contracting State includes in the profits of an enterprise of that State - and taxes accordingly - profits on which an enterprise of the other Contracting State has been charged to tax in that other State and the profits so included are profits which would have accrued to the enterprise of the first-mentioned State if the conditions made between the two enterprises had been those which would have been made between independent enterprises, then that other State shall make an appropriate adjustment to the amount of the tax charged therein on those profits. In determining such adjustment, due regard shall be had to the other provisions of this Convention and the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall if necessary consult each other. Article 10 Dividends 1. Dividends paid by a company which is a resident of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State. 2. However, such dividends may also be taxed in the Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident and according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the dividends is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged shall not exceed 15 per cent of the gross amount of the dividends. However, if the beneficial owner is a company (other than a partnership) which holds at least 10 per cent of the voting power of the company paying the dividends, the dividends shall be exempt from tax in the Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident. This paragraph shall not affect the taxation of the company in respect of the profits out of which the dividends are paid. 3. The term "dividends" as used in this Article means income from shares or other rights, not being debtclaims, participating in profits, as well as income from other corporate rights which is subjected to the same taxation treatment as income from shares by the laws of the State of which the company making the distribution is a resident. 4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the dividends, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident, through a permanent establishment situated therein and the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment. In such case the provisions of Article 7 shall apply. 5. Where a company which is a resident of a Contracting State derives profits or income from the other Contracting State, that other State may not impose any tax on the dividends paid by the company, except insofar as such dividends are paid to a resident of that other State or insofar as the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with a permanent establishment situated in that other State, nor subject the company's undistributed profits to a tax on the company's undistributed profits, even if the dividends paid or the undistributed profits consist wholly or partly of profits or income arising in such other State. Article 11 Interest 1. Interest arising in a Contracting State and beneficially owned by a resident of the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in that other State. 2. The term "interest" as used in this Article means income from debt-claims of every kind, whether or not secured by mortgage and whether or not carrying a right to participate in the debtor's profits, and in particular, income from government securities and income from bonds or debentures, including premiums and prizes attaching to such securities, bonds or debentures. Penalty charges for late payment shall not be regarded as interest for the purpose of this Article. 3. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the interest, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the interest arises, through a permanent establishment situated therein and the debt-claim in respect of which the interest is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment. In such case the provisions of Article 7 shall apply. 4. Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the interest, having regard to the debt- claim for which it is paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Convention. Article 12 Royalties 1. Royalties arising in a Contracting State and beneficially owned by a resident of the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in that other State. 2. The term "royalties" as used in this Article means payments of any kind received as a consideration for the use of, or the right to use, any copyright of literary, artistic or scientific work including cinematograph films and films or tapes for radio or television broadcasting, any patent, trade mark, design or model, plan, secret formula or process, or for information concerning industrial, commercial or scientific experience. 3. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the royalties, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the royalties arise, through a permanent establishment situated therein and the right or property in respect of which the royalties are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment. In such case the provisions of Article 7 shall apply. 4. Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the royalties, having regard to the use, right or information for which they are paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last- mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Convention. Article 13 Capital gains 1. Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of immovable property referred to in Article 6 and situated in the other Contracting State, or from the alienation of shares in a company the assets of which consist principally of such property, may be taxed in that other State. 2. Gains from the alienation of movable property forming part of the business property of a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State, including such gains from the alienation of such a permanent establishment (alone or with the whole enterprise), may be taxed in that other State. 3. Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of ships or aircraft operated in international traffic or movable property pertaining to the operation of such ships or aircraft, shall be taxable only in that State. With respect to gains derived by the air transport consortium Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS), the provisions of this paragraph shall apply only to such part of the gains as corresponds to the participation held in that consortium by SAS Sverige AB, the Swedish partner of SAS. 4. Gains from the alienation of any property other than that referred to in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3, shall be taxable only in the Contracting State of which the alienator is a resident. 5. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 4, gains from the alienation of any property derived by an individual who has been a resident of a Contracting State and who has become a resident of the other Contracting State, may be taxed in the first-mentioned State if the alienation of the property occurs at any time during the ten years next following the date on which the individual has ceased to be a resident of the first- mentioned State. Article 14 Income from employment 1. Subject to the provisions of Articles 15, 17 and 18, salaries, wages and other similar remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment shall be taxable only in that State unless the employment is exercised in the other Contracting State. If the employment is so exercised, such remuneration as is derived therefrom may be taxed in that other State. 2. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment exercised in the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in the first-mentioned State if: (a) the recipient is present in the other State for a period or periods not exceeding in the aggregate183 days in any twelve month period commencing or ending in the fiscal year concerned; and (b) the remuneration is paid by, or on behalf of, an employer who is not a resident of the other State; and (c) the remuneration is not borne by a permanent establishment which the employer has in the other State. 3. Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, remuneration derived in respect of an employment exercised aboard a ship or aircraft operated in international traffic by an enterprise of a Contracting State may be taxed in that State. Where a resident of Sweden derives remuneration in respect of an employment exercised aboard an aircraft operated in international traffic by the air transport consortium Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS), such remuneration shall be taxable only in Sweden. Article 15 Directors' fees Directors' fees and other similar payments derived by a resident of a Contracting State in his capacity as a member of the board of directors of a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State. Article 16 Artistes and sportsmen 1. Notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 7 and 14, income derived by a resident of a Contracting State as an artiste, such as a theatre, motion picture, radio or television artiste, or a musician, or as a sportsman, from his personal activities as such exercised in the other Contracting State, may be taxed in that other State. 2. Where income in respect of personal activities exercised by an artiste or a sportsman in his capacity as such accrues not to the artiste or sportsman himself but to another person, that income may, notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 7 and 14, be taxed in the Contracting State in which the activities of the artiste or sportsman are exercised. 3. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply to income derived from activities exercised in a Contracting State by an artiste or a sportsman if the visit to that State is wholly supported by public funds of the other Contracting State. In such case, the income shall be taxable only in the Contracting State in which the artiste or sportsman is a resident. Article 17 Pensions, annuities and similar payments 1. Pensions and other similar remuneration, disbursements under the Social Security legislation and annuities arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in the first-mentioned Contracting State. 2. The term "annuity" means a stated sum payable periodically at stated times during life or during a specified or ascertainable period of time under an obligation to make the payments in return for adequate and full consideration in money or money's worth. Article 18 Government service 1.(a) Salaries, wages and other similar remuneration, other than a pension, paid by a Contracting State or a political subdivision or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that State or subdivision or authority shall be taxable only in that State. (b) However, such salaries, wages and other similar remuneration shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the services are rendered in that State and the individual is a resident of that State who: (i) is a national of that State; or (ii) did not become a resident of that State solely for the purpose of rendering the services. 2. The provisions of Articles 14, 15 and 16 shall apply to remuneration in respect of services rendered in connection with a business carried on by a Contracting State or a political subdivision or a local authority thereof. Article 19 Students Payments which a student or business apprentice who is or was immediately before visiting a Contracting State a resident of the other Contracting State and who is present in the first- mentioned State solely for the purpose of his education or training receives for the purpose of his maintenance, education or training shall not be taxed in that State, provided that such payments arise from sources outside that State. Article 20 Other income 1. Items of income of a resident of a Contracting State, wherever arising, not dealt with in the foregoing Articles of this Convention shall be taxable only in that State. 2. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not apply to income, other than income from immovable property as defined in paragraph 2 of Article 6, if the recipient of such income, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein and the right or property in respect of which the income is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment. In such case the provisions of Article 7 shall apply. Article 21 Capital 1. Capital represented by immovable property referred to in Article 6, owned by a resident of a Contracting State and situated in the other Contracting State, may be taxed in that other State. 2. Capital represented by movable property forming part of the business property of a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State. 3. Capital represented by ships and aircraft operated in international traffic by an enterprise of a Contracting State and by movable property pertaining to the operation of such ships and aircraft, shall be taxable only in that State. With respect to capital owned by the air transport consortium Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS), the provisions of this paragraph shall apply only to such part of the capital as corresponds to the participation held in that consortium by SAS Sverige AB, the Swedish partner of SAS. 4. All other elements of capital of a resident of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State. 5. If, pursuant to paragraph 4 of this Article, the right to tax capital held by an individual who is resident of a Contracting State, is vested only in that State, such capital may be taxed in the other Contracting State, where the net capital is not subject to a general tax on net capital according to the laws of the first-mentioned State. Article 22 Elimination of double taxation 1. In the case of Mauritius, double taxation shall be eliminated as follows: (a) Where a resident of Mauritius derives income from Sweden the amount of tax on that income payable in Sweden in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement may be credited against the Mauritius tax imposed on that resident. (b) Where a company which is a resident of Sweden pays a dividend to a resident of Mauritius who controls, directly or indirectly, at least 5 per cent of the capital of the company paying the dividend, the credit shall take into account (in addition to any Swedish tax for which credit may be allowed under the provisions of subparagraph (a) of this paragraph) the Swedish tax payable by the first-mentioned company in respect of the profits out of which such dividend is paid. Provided that any credit allowed under subparagraphs (a) and (b) shall not exceed the Mauritius tax (as computed before allowing any such credit), which is appropriate to the profits or income derived from sources within Sweden. 2. In the case of Sweden, double taxation shall be avoided as follows: (a) Where a resident of Sweden derives income which under the laws of Mauritius and in accordance with the provisions of this Convention may be taxed in Mauritius, Sweden shall allow - subject to the provisions of the laws of Sweden concerning credit for foreign tax (as it may be amended from time to time without changing the general principle hereof) - as a deduction from the tax on such income, an amount equal to the Mauritius tax paid in respect of such income. (b) Where a resident of Sweden derives income which, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, shall be taxable only in Mauritius, Sweden may, when determining the graduated rate of Swedish tax, take into account the income which shall be taxable only in Mauritius. (c) Notwithstanding the provisions of sub-paragraph (a) of this paragraph, dividends paid by a company which is a resident of Mauritius to a company which is a resident of Sweden shall be exempt from Swedish tax according to the provisions of Swedish law governing the exemption of tax on dividends paid to Swedish companies by companies abroad. (d) Where a resident of Sweden owns capital which, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, may be taxed in Mauritius, Sweden shall allow as a deduction from the tax on the capital of that resident an amount equal to the capital tax paid in Mauritius. Such deduction shall not, however, exceed that part of the Swedish capital tax, as computed before the deduction is given, which is attributable to the capital which may be taxed in Mauritius. Article 23 Non-discrimination 1. Nationals of a Contracting State shall not be subjected in the other Contracting State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith, which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which nationals of that other State in the same circumstances are or may be subjected. This provision shall, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 1, also apply to persons who are not residents of one or both of the Contracting States. 2. The taxation on a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State shall not be less favourably levied in that other State than the taxation levied on enterprises of that other State carrying on the same activities. This provision shall not be construed as obliging a Contracting State to grant to residents of the other Contracting State any personal allowances, reliefs or reductions for taxation purposes on account of civil status or family responsibilities which it grants to its own residents. 3. Except where the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 9, paragraph 4 of Article 11, or paragraph 4 of Article 12, apply, interest, royalties and other disbursements paid by an enterprise of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State shall, for the purpose of determining the taxable profits of such enterprise, be deductible under the same conditions as if they had been paid to a resident of the first-mentioned State. Similarly, any debts of an enterprise of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State shall, for the purpose of determining the taxable capital of such enterprise, be deductible under the same conditions as if they had been contracted to a resident of the firstmentioned State. 4. Enterprises of a Contracting State, the capital of which is wholly or partly owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by one or more residents of the other Contracting State, shall not be subject in the firstmentioned State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which other similar enterprises of the first-mentioned State are or may be subjected. 5. The provisions of this Article shall, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 2, apply to taxes of every kind and description. Article 24 Mutual agreement procedure 1. Where a person considers that the actions of one or both of the Contracting States result or will result for him in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, he may, irrespective of the remedies provided by the domestic law of those States, present his case to the competent authority of the Contracting State of which he is a resident or, if his case comes under paragraph 1 of Article 23, to that of the Contracting State of which he is a national. The case must be presented within three years from the first notification of the action resulting in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of the Convention. 2. The competent authority shall endeavour, if the objection appears to it to be justified and if it is not itself able to arrive at a satisfactory solution, to resolve the case by mutual agreement with the competent authority of the other Contracting State, with a view to the avoidance of taxation which is not in accordance with the Convention. Any agreement reached shall be implemented notwithstanding any time limits in the domestic law of the Contracting States. 3. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall endeavour to resolve by mutual agreement any difficulties or doubts arising as to the interpretation or application of the Convention. They may also consult together for the elimination of double taxation in cases not provided for in the Convention. 4. The competent authorities of the Contracting States may communicate with each other directly for the purpose of reaching an agreement in the sense of the preceding paragraphs. Article 25 Exchange of information 1. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall exchange such information as is foreseeably relevant for carrying out the provisions of this Convention or to the administration or enforcement of the domestic laws concerning taxes of every kind and description imposed on behalf of the Contracting States, or of their political subdivisions or local authorities, insofar as the taxation thereunder is not contrary to the Convention. The exchange of information is not restricted by Articles 1 and 2. 2. Any information received under paragraph 1 by a Contracting State shall be treated as secret in the same manner as information obtained under the domestic laws of that State and shall be disclosed only to persons or authorities (including courts and administrative bodies) concerned with the assessment or collection of, the enforcement or prosecution in respect of, or the determination of appeals in relation to, the taxes referred to in paragraph 1, or the oversight of the above. Such persons or authorities shall use the information only for such purposes. They may disclose the information in public court proceedings or in judicial decisions. 3. In no case shall the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 be construed so as to impose on a Contracting State the obligation: (a) to carry out administrative measures at variance with the laws and administrative practice of that or of the other Contracting State; (b) to supply information which is not obtainable under the laws or in the normal course of the administration of that or of the other Contracting State; (c) to supply information which would disclose any trade, business, industrial, commercial or professional secret or trade process, or information, the disclosure of which would be contrary to public policy (ordre public). 4. If information is requested by a Contracting State in accordance with this Article, the other Contracting State shall use its information gathering measures to obtain the requested information, even though that other State may not need such information for its own tax purposes. The obligation contained in the preceding sentence is subject to the limitations of paragraph 3 but in no case shall such limitations be construed to permit a Contracting State to decline to supply information solely because it has no domestic interest in such information. 5. In no case shall the provisions of paragraph 3 be construed to permit a Contracting State to decline to supply information solely because the information is held by a bank, other financial institution, nominee or person acting in an agency or a fiduciary capacity or because it relates to ownership interests in a person. Article 26 Limitations of benefits Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Convention, where (a) a company that is a resident of a Contracting State derives its income primarily from other States (i) from activities such as financial services or shipping; or (ii) from being the headquarters, co-ordination centre or similar entity providing administrative services or other support to a group of companies which carry on business primarily in other States; and (b) such income would bear a significantly lower tax under the laws of that State than income from similar activities carried out within that State or from being the headquarters, co-ordination centre or similar entity providing administrative services or other support to a group of companies which carry on business in that State, as the case may be, any provisions of this Convention conferring an exemption or a reduction of tax shall not apply to the income of such company and to the dividends paid by such company. Article 27 Members of diplomatic missions and consular posts Nothing in this Convention shall affect the fiscal privileges of members of diplomatic missions or consular posts under the general rules of international law or under the provisions of special agreements. Article 28 Entry into force 1. Each of the Contracting States shall notify the other in writing of the completion of the procedures required by its law for the entry into force of this Convention. 2. The Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the receipt of the later of these notifications and shall thereupon have effect (i) in respect of taxes withheld at source, for amounts paid or credited on or after the first day of January of the year next following the date on which the Convention enters into force; (ii) in respect of other taxes on income, and taxes on capital, on taxes chargeable for any tax year beginning on or after the first day of January of the year next following the date on which the Convention enters into force. 3. The Convention between the Government of Sweden and the Government of Mauritius for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and on capital gains signed on 23 April 1992 (the 1992 Convention) shall terminate upon the entry into force of this Convention. However, the provisions of the 1992 Convention shall remain effective until the provisions of this Convention, in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 2 of this Article, shall have effect. Article 29 Termination This Convention shall remain in force until terminated by a Contracting State. Either Contracting State may terminate the Convention, through diplomatic channels, by giving written notice of termination at least six months before the end of any calendar year. In such case, the Convention shall cease to have effect (i) in respect of taxes withheld at source, for amounts paid or credited on or after the first day of January of the year next following the end of the six month period; (ii) in respect of other taxes on income, and taxes on capital, on taxes chargeable for any tax year beginning on or after the first day of January of the year next following the end of the six month period. In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this Convention. Done at Paris, this 1st day of December 2011, in duplicate in the English language. For the Government of the Kingdom of Sweden Gunnar Lund For the Government of the Republic of Mauritius Jacques Chasteau de Balyon Protocol At the signing of the Convention between the Kingdom of Sweden and the Republic of Mauritius for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and on capital, the Contracting States have agreed upon the following provisions, which shall form an integral part of the Convention: With respect to Article 26, it is understood that (a) the provisions of that Article shall apply to the income of, and to the dividends paid by, a company (i) entitled to the preferential treatment as regards credit for foreign tax under regulation 8(3) of the Mauritius Income Tax (Foreign Tax Credit) Regulations 1996, or (ii) referred to in section 73A of the Mauritius Income Tax Act 1995, or (iii) covered by any law substantially similar to the laws mentioned in (i) or (ii), enacted after the date of signature of this Convention; and (b) the term "financial services" shall include banking, financing, insurance, assets management, custodian services, distribution of financial products, brokerage, pension scheme management, retirement benefits scheme management and treasury management. In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this Protocol. Done at Paris, this 1st day of December 2011, in duplicate in the English language. For the Government of the Kingdom of Sweden Gunnar Lund For the Government of the Republic of Mauritius Jacques Chasteau de Balyon (Översättning) Avtal mellan Konungariket Sverige och Republiken Mauritius för undvikande av dubbelbeskattning och förhindrande av skatteflykt beträffande skatter på inkomst och på förmögenhet Konungariket Sveriges regering och Republiken Mauritius regering, som önskar ingå ett avtal för undvikande av dubbelbeskattning och förhindrande av skatteflykt beträffande skatter på inkomst och på förmögenhet, har kommit överens om följande: Artikel 1 Personer på vilka avtalet tillämpas 1. Detta avtal tillämpas på personer som har hemvist i en avtalsslutande stat eller i båda avtalsslutande staterna. 2. Inkomst som förvärvas av eller genom en person vars inkomst enligt lagstiftningen i endera avtalsslutande staten är föremål för delägarbeskattning, ska anses förvärvad av en person med hemvist i en av staterna till den del som inkomsten, enligt skattelagstiftningen i denna stat, behandlas som inkomst hos en person med hemvist i staten i fråga. Artikel 2 Skatter som omfattas av avtalet 1. Detta avtal tillämpas på skatter på inkomst och på förmögenhet som påförs för en avtalsslutande stats, dess politiska underavdelningars eller lokala myndigheters räkning, oberoende av det sätt på vilket skatterna tas ut. 2. Med skatter på inkomst och på förmögenhet förstås alla skatter som tas ut på inkomst eller på förmögenhet i dess helhet eller på delar av inkomst eller förmögenhet, däri inbegripet skatter på vinst på grund av överlåtelse av lös eller fast egendom, samt skatter på värdestegring. 3. De skatter på vilka detta avtal tillämpas är: a) i Mauritius: inkomstskatten, (i det följande benämnd "mauritisk skatt"), b) i Sverige: 1) den statliga inkomstskatten, 2) kupongskatten, 3) den särskilda inkomstskatten för utomlands bosatta, 4) den särskilda inkomstskatten för utomlands bosatta artister m.fl., 5) den kommunala inkomstskatten, och 6) den statliga förmögenhetsskatten, (i det följande benämnd "svensk skatt"). 4. Avtalet tillämpas även på skatter av samma eller i huvudsak likartat slag, som efter undertecknandet av avtalet påförs vid sidan av eller i stället för de skatter som anges i punkt 3. De behöriga myndigheterna i de avtalsslutande staterna ska meddela varandra de väsentliga ändringar som gjorts i respektive skattelagstiftning. Artikel 3 Allmänna definitioner 1. Om inte sammanhanget föranleder annat, har vid tillämpningen av detta avtal följande uttryck nedan angiven betydelse: a) "Mauritius" avser allt territorium, infattande alla öar, som i enlighet med lagstiftningen i Mauritius konstituerar staten Mauritius och innefattar: 1) Mauritius territorialvatten, och 2) varje område utanför Mauritius territorialvatten som i överensstämmelse med folkrättens regler betecknas eller senare kommer att betecknas, enligt Mauritius lagstiftning om kontinentalsockeln, som ett område inom vilket Mauritius äger utöva rättigheter med avseende på havet, havsbottnen och dess underlag samt dess naturtillgångar, b) "Sverige" avser Konungariket Sverige och innefattar, när uttrycket används i geografisk betydelse, Sveriges territorium, Sveriges territorialvatten och andra havsområden över vilka Sverige - i överensstämmelse med folkrättens regler - utövar suveräna rättigheter eller jurisdiktion, c) "person" inbegriper fysisk person, bolag och annan sammanslutning, d) "bolag" avser juridisk person eller annan som vid beskattningen behandlas såsom juridisk person, e) "företag" avser bedrivandet av varje form av rörelse, f) "företag i en avtalsslutande stat" och "företag i den andra avtalsslutande staten" avser företag som bedrivs av en person med hemvist i en avtalsslutande stat, respektive företag som bedrivs av person med hemvist i den andra avtalsslutande staten, g) "internationell trafik" avser transport med skepp eller luftfartyg som används av ett företag i en avtalsslutande stat utom då skeppet eller luftfartyget används uteslutande mellan platser i den andra avtalsslutande staten, h) "medborgare" avser: 1) fysisk person som har medborgarskap i en avtalsslutande stat 2) juridisk person, handelsbolag eller annan sammanslutning som bildats enligt den lagstiftning som gäller i en avtalsslutande stat, i) "behörig myndighet" avser: 1) i Mauritius, den för Mauritius finanser ansvariga ministern, dennes befullmäktigade ombud eller den myndighet åt vilken uppdras att vara behörig myndighet vid tillämpningen av detta avtal, 2) i Sverige, finansministern, dennes befullmäktigade ombud eller den myndighet åt vilken uppdras att vara behörig myndighet vid tillämpningen av detta avtal, j) "rörelse" innefattar utövandet av fritt yrke och annan självständig verksamhet. 2. Då en avtalsslutande stat tillämpar avtalet vid någon tidpunkt anses, såvida inte sammanhanget föranleder annat, varje uttryck som inte definierats i avtalet ha den betydelse som uttrycket har vid denna tidpunkt enligt den statens lagstiftning i fråga om sådana skatter på vilka avtalet tillämpas, och den betydelse som uttrycket har enligt tillämplig skattelagstiftning i denna stat äger företräde framför den betydelse uttrycket ges i annan lagstiftning i denna stat. Artikel 4 Hemvist 1. Vid tillämpningen av detta avtal avser uttrycket "person med hemvist i en avtalsslutande stat" person som enligt lagstiftningen i denna stat är skattskyldig där på grund av domicil, bosättning, plats för företagsledning eller annan liknande omständighet och innefattar också denna stat, dess offentligrättsliga organ eller institutioner, politiska underavdelningar eller lokala myndigheter. Uttrycket "person med hemvist i en avtalsslutande stat" inbegriper emellertid inte person som är skattskyldig i denna stat endast för inkomst från källa i denna stat eller för förmögenhet belägen där. 2. Då på grund av bestämmelserna i punkt 1 fysisk person har hemvist i båda avtalsslutande staterna, bestäms hans hemvist på följande sätt: a) han anses ha hemvist endast i den stat där han har en bostad som stadigvarande står till hans förfogande. Om han har en sådan bostad i båda staterna, anses han ha hemvist endast i den stat med vilken hans personliga och ekonomiska förbindelser är starkast (centrum för levnadsintressena), b) om det inte kan avgöras i vilken stat han har centrum för sina levnadsintressen eller om han inte i någondera staten har en bostad som stadigvarande står till hans förfogande, anses han ha hemvist endast i den stat där han stadigvarande vistas, c) om han stadigvarande vistas i båda staterna eller om han inte vistas stadigvarande i någon av dem, anses han ha hemvist endast i den stat där han är medborgare, d) om han är medborgare i båda staterna eller om han inte är medborgare i någon av dem, ska de behöriga myndigheterna i de avtalsslutande staterna avgöra frågan genom ömsesidig överenskommelse. 3. Då på grund av bestämmelserna i punkt 1 annan person än fysisk person har hemvist i båda avtalsslutande staterna, ska de behöriga myndigheterna söka avgöra frågan genom ömsesidig överenskommelse. Artikel 5 Fast driftställe 1. Vid tillämpningen av detta avtal avser uttrycket "fast driftställe" en stadigvarande plats för affärsverksamhet, från vilken ett företags verksamhet helt eller delvis bedrivs. 2. Uttrycket "fast driftställe" innefattar särskilt: a) plats för företagsledning, b) filial, c) kontor, d) fabrik, e) verkstad, och f) gruva, olje- eller gaskälla, stenbrott eller annan plats för utvinning av naturtillgångar. 3. Plats för byggnads-, anläggnings-, monterings- eller installationsverksamhet eller verksamhet som består av övervakning i anslutning därtill utgör fast driftställe endast om verksamheten pågår längre tid än tolv månader. 4. Utan hinder av föregående bestämmelser i denna artikel anses uttrycket "fast driftställe" inte innefatta: a) användningen av anordningar uteslutande för lagring, utställning eller utlämnande av företaget tillhöriga varor, b) innehavet av ett företaget tillhörigt varulager uteslutande för lagring, utställning eller utlämnande, c) innehavet av ett företaget tillhörigt varulager uteslutande för bearbetning eller förädling genom ett annat företags försorg, d) innehavet av stadigvarande plats för affärsverksamhet uteslutande för inköp av varor eller inhämtande av upplysningar för företaget, e) innehavet av stadigvarande plats för affärsverksamhet uteslutande för att för företaget bedriva annan verksamhet av förberedande eller biträdande art, f) ett installationsprojekt som ett företag i en avtalsslutande stat bedriver i den andra avtalsslutande staten, om projektet bedrivs i samband med företagets leverans av maskiner eller utrustning, g) innehavet av stadigvarande plats för affärsverksamhet uteslutande för att kombinera verksamheter som anges i a) till f) ovan, under förutsättning att hela den verksamhet som bedrivs från den stadigvarande platsen för affärsverksamhet på grund av denna kombination är av förberedande eller biträdande art. 5. Om en person - som inte är en sådan oberoende representant på vilken punkt 6 tillämpas - är verksam för ett företag samt i en avtalsslutande stat har och där regelmässigt använder fullmakt att sluta avtal i företagets namn, anses företaget - utan hinder av bestämmelserna i punkterna 1 och 2 - ha fast driftställe i denna stat i fråga om varje verksamhet som personen driver för företaget. Detta gäller dock inte, om den verksamhet som personen bedriver är begränsad till sådan som anges i punkt 4 och som, om den bedrevs från en stadigvarande plats för affärsverksamhet, inte skulle göra denna stadigvarande plats för affärsverksamhet till fast driftställe enligt bestämmelserna i nämnda punkt. 6. Företag anses inte ha fast driftställe i en avtalsslutande stat endast på den grund att företaget bedriver affärsverksamhet i denna stat genom förmedling av mäklare, kommissionär eller annan oberoende representant, under förutsättning att sådan person därvid bedriver sin sedvanliga affärsverksamhet. 7. Den omständigheten att ett bolag med hemvist i en avtalsslutande stat kontrollerar eller kontrolleras av ett bolag med hemvist i den andra avtalsslutande staten eller ett bolag som bedriver affärsverksamhet i denna andra stat (antingen från fast driftställe eller på annat sätt) medför inte i sig att någotdera bolaget utgör fast driftställe för det andra. Artikel 6 Inkomst av fast egendom 1. Inkomst, som person med hemvist i en avtalsslutande stat förvärvar av fast egendom (däri inbegripet inkomst av lantbruk eller skogsbruk) belägen i den andra avtalsslutande staten, får beskattas i denna andra stat. 2. Uttrycket "fast egendom" har den betydelse som uttrycket har enligt lagstiftningen i den avtalsslutande stat där egendomen är belägen. Uttrycket inbegriper dock alltid tillbehör till fast egendom, levande och döda inventarier i lantbruk och skogsbruk, rättigheter på vilka bestämmelserna i privaträtten om fast egendom tillämpas, byggnader, nyttjanderätt till fast egendom samt rätt till föränderliga eller fasta ersättningar för nyttjandet av eller rätten att nyttja mineralförekomst, källa eller annan naturtillgång. Skepp, båtar och luftfartyg anses inte vara fast egendom. 3. Bestämmelserna i punkt 1 tilllämpas på inkomst som förvärvas genom omedelbart brukande, genom uthyrning eller annan användning av fast egendom. 4. Bestämmelserna i punkterna 1 och 3 tillämpas även på inkomst av fast egendom som tillhör företag. Artikel 7 Inkomst av rörelse 1. Inkomst av rörelse, som företag i en avtalsslutande stat förvärvar, beskattas endast i denna stat, såvida inte företaget bedriver rörelse i den andra avtalsslutande staten från där beläget fast driftställe. Om företaget bedriver rörelse på nyss angivet sätt, får företagets inkomst beskattas i den andra staten, men endast så stor del därav som är hänförlig till det fasta driftstället. 2. Om företag i en avtalsslutande stat bedriver rörelse i den andra avtalsslutande staten från där beläget fast driftställe hänförs, om inte bestämmelserna i punkt 3 föranleder annat, i vardera avtalsslutande staten till det fasta driftstället den inkomst som det kan antas att driftstället skulle ha förvärvat, om det varit ett fristående företag, som bedrivit verksamhet av samma eller liknande slag under samma eller liknande villkor och självständigt avslutat affärer med det företag till vilket driftstället hör. 3. Vid bestämmande av fast driftställes inkomst medges avdrag för utgifter som uppkommit för det fasta driftstället, härunder inbegripna utgifter för företagets ledning och allmänna förvaltning, oavsett om utgifterna uppkommit i den stat där det fasta driftställets är beläget eller annorstädes. 4. Inkomst hänförs inte till fast driftställe endast av den anledningen att varor inköps genom det fasta driftställets försorg för företaget. 5. Vid tillämpningen av föregående punkter bestäms inkomst som är hänförlig till det fasta driftstället genom samma förfarande år från år, såvida inte goda och tillräckliga skäl föranleder annat. 6. Ingår i inkomst av rörelse inkomst som behandlas särskilt i andra artiklar av detta avtal, berörs bestämmelserna i dessa artiklar inte av reglerna i denna artikel. Artikel 8 Sjöfart och luftfart 1. Inko …