the Greek Communal Law No. 8/63—Recourse against both transfer and dismissal—Recourse against transfer fails as being out of time—Recourse against dismissal succeeds as dismissal taken through not properly exercised discretion. Administrative Law—Discretion—Exercise of by an administrative body—Court not entitled to interfere with suchdiscretion if properly exercised—Prerequisitesnecessary for a discretion to befound to have beenproperly exercised. Creek Communal Law 8/63—Recourse against dismissal without following the procedureunder section 5
section >,($)is by way of review and not by way of completion of the administrative act concerned. Applicant filed this recourse against (
Greek Communal Law No. 8/63, but he was informed by letter dated 20th September 1963, that his objection had been rejected. 06 Applicant by then started working at Troulli, but did not move his place of abode to Troulli. After, however, he received the\letter of the 20th September, 1963, he wrote on the 27th^September, 1963, to the Director of the Greek Education Office, informing him that as he intend ed "to challenge onappeal" the decision in question, he was discontinuing his service at Troulli as from the 1st October, 1963, until the adjudication on his appeal. Presumably he had in mind to make, in effect, a recourse
On the 5th October, 1963, Applicant was notified by the Director of the Greek Education Office to return to his post and was informed that in case he failed to do so the question of his dismissal would be raised before the appropriate authority. The applicant refused to comply and eventually the matter came up before the Disciplinary Board on the 29th October, 1963, and Applicant attended for the purpose; his attention was drawn to the consequences of his con duct, including dismissal and loss of pension, and after he had replied that he refused to comply with the transfer to Troulli and was ready to face the consequences, the Board decided-Λο dismiss him from the service. Such decision was conveyed to Applicant by letter dated the 4th November, 1963. At the commencement of the hearing an objection was taken by counsel for Respondent to the effect that the re course is out of time,
On behalf of the Applicant it was put forward that his transfer and dismissal form in reality only one and the same transaction. Held, I. As regards the objection that the recourse is 07
.3 in so far as the transfer of Applicant (
adjudication, against his dismissal, without having first objected to the Review Committee
section 5
section 5
Greek Communal Law No.8/
X 1963, Applicant was summoned in writing by the Directonof the Greek Education Office to return to his post and was informed that in case he failed to do so the question of his dismissal would be raised before the appropriate authority. \ As Applicant refused to comply he was summoned in writing, on the 23rd October, 1963, to appear before the Disciplinary Board, set up
Greek Communal Law No. 8/63, in order to answer relevant charges framed
rule 5(η) and (Θ) of the Disciplinary Regulations (13/1962), published on the 22nd June, 1962, and kept in force
section 11 of Law 8/63 (in the said letter of the 23rd October, 1963, the relevant rule is stated as^being "section 4 para. Η and Θ", through an obvious clerical error). The matter came up before the Disciplinary Board on the 29th October, 1963, and Applicant attended for the purpose. As it appears from the relevant minutes his attention was drawn to the consequences of his conduct,including dismissal and loss of pension, and after he had replied that he refused to comply with the transfer to Troulli and was ready to face the consequences, the Board decided to dismiss him from the service. Such decision was conveyed to Applicant by letter dated the 4th November, 1963. At the commencement of the hearing an objection was taken by counsel for Respondent to the effect that the re course is out of time,
On behalf of the Applicant it was put forward that his transfer and dismissal form in reality only one and the same transaction. 101 1965, Jan. 14, Feb. 3 March 1 STYLIANOS CONSTANTINOU and T H E GREEK COMMUNAL CHAMBER THROUGH THE DISCIPLINARY BOARD 1965, Jan. 14, Feb.3 March1 STYLIANOS CONSTANTTNOU and THE GREEK COMMUNAL CHAMBER THROUGH THE DISCIPLINARY BOARD 1 find that the objection was well taken by counsel for Respondent, and actually at his final address at the hearing counsel for Applicant, himself, did not appear to press for separate relief on the basis of claim (b) of the motion for relief, relating to the transfer. It iscorrect that the transfer and the dismissal of Applicant are related to each other but they do not form whatsis known as a composite administrative act, so that in challenging h i s ' dismissal Applicant would be entitled to challenge a|so the \ validity of his transfer. The transfer and the dismissal^are administrative acts separate of each other, made^by organs separate and independent of each other, and the first act, the transfer, does not form either a condition precede^bfoj the latter act, thedismissal,nor issuchdismissalvthenecessary administrative consequence and continuation of thevtransfer. -^~The transfer, as such, is a completed administrative act the effect of which was disobeyed by Applicant and this has : led to the taking place of another and separate administrative act, his dismissal. In the circumstances this recourse in so far as it relates to the validity of the transfer of Applicant, as such, fails and is dismissed as being out of time. Asregards theclaim of Applicant against hisdismissal there is no doubt that it is within time, as it was communicated by letter dated 4th November, 1963 and the recourse was filed on the 17th January, 1964. It is well settled that an administrative court is not entitled to interfere with the exercise of the discretion of an administrative body, such as is the Disciplinary Board for the purposes of Article 146, so long as such discretion has been exercised in a proper manner. In order that a discretion should be found to have been exercised in a proper manner it is necessary, inter alia, that in the exercise thereof due regard must have been paid to all relevant considerations and no irrelevant factor should have been taken into account. Theseprerequisites are to be found referred to in, inter alia, the judgment in Saruhan and the Republic (2 R.S.C.C. p. 133 at p. 136). In this case I have reached the conclusion that the decision to dismiss Applicant has been reached without due regard 102 being paid to all relevant considerations and that, consequently, the discretion of the Disciplinary Board in the matter has not been exercised in a proper manner. 1965, Jan.14, Feb. 3 March 1 The relevant considerations to which, in my opinion, due regard has not been paid>are the circumstances relating to Applicant's transfer, in so. far as they were relevant—as indeed they were—to the question of the disciplinary punishment to be imposed on Applicant. STYUANOS CONSTANTINOU The Disciplinary Board quite properly did not proceed to review the propriety of the transfer, as such, and indeed it had no competence to do so; on the other hand—and this has been also testified to by a witness called on behalf of Respondent, Mr. Andreas Christodoulides, a member on that occasion of the Disciplinary Board—the said Board did not treat at all the circumstances relating to Applicant's transfer as matters relevant to the exercise of its discretion as a disciplinary organ; in particular the Board did not go into such circumstances while assessing the punishment to be imposed on Applicant for his persistent refusal to comply with his transfer. It appears that the Board looked upon the transfer of Applicant in the abstract only, as an order which he had been stubbornly disobeying. This is clear both from the evidence of Mr. Christodoulides and the minutes of the Board; it has also been the line adopted by Respondent in this Case, both in the Opposition and in argument during the hearing. In my opinion though the transfer had to be treated as an act which could not be set aside by the Disciplinary Board, it ought to have been gone into to the extent of examining the circumstances in which it was.made and the objections of the Applicant thereto, because such matters constituted factors directly relevant to the gravity of the conduct of Applicant in disobeying such transfer. They could not absolve the Applicant from the guilt of disobedience but they could alleviate the consequences of such disobedience. Had dismissal been the only punishment which the Disciplinary Board was entitled to impose in the circumstances then the disregard of considerations relating to Applicant's transfer would not have affected the validity of Respondent's course of action because such considerations would, in 103 and T H E GREEK COMMUNAL CHAMBER THROUGH THE DISCIPLINARY BOARD 1965, Jan. 14, Feb. 3 March 1 STYLIANOS CONSTANTINOU and T H E GREEK COMMUNAL CHAMBER T H R O U G H THE DISCIPLINARY BOARD reality, be not relevant.
, however, rule 6 of the relevant Disciplinary Regulations a number of punishments, other than final dismissal, were open to the Board. It is significant to ^ear in mind, in this connection, that at the time Applicant hacTless-titan a year to serve before retire ment. Moreover, Applicant was^and it has not been disputed—a good educationalist in the true sense\of the term; he did not limit himself to the narrow school limits but he discharged fully his mission in the wider planes of society through starting, organizing and heading various cultural activities. In view of the above had the particular circumstances of Applicant's transfer and his objections thereto been paid due regard by the Disciplinary Board, such Board might— not should, as I am not prejudging this issue—have decided to impose a lesser punishment than final dismissal. ι. I have refrained carefully from examining the extent of the probability of the Disciplinary Board imposing a lesser punishment or whether or not such lesser punishment would have been proper in the particular circumstances of this Case or, even, whether or not such lesser punishment, as might have been imposed, could have had the same severe consequences for Applicant, regarding pension or otherwise. I have felt that speculation on the above matters should not have influenced the outcome of my decision in this Case, once I have been satisfied that the manner of the exercise of the discretion of the Disciplinary Board has not been the proper one,in that it has failed to pay due regard to relevant considerations pertaining to the transfer of Applicant—by not taking into account at all such considerations. The decision of an administrative Court should not be in fluenced in controlling the manner of the exercise of a dis cretionary power, by speculation about what might have been the outcome of the exercise of such power had there not existed a particular flaw in the manner of such exercise. Such speculation would amount to anticipating the outcome of the proper exercise of such discretionary power and, thus, substituting to a certain extent the Court's discretion in the place of that of the organ concerned. In the circumstances I have reached the conclusion that the disciplinary punishment imposed on Applicant in this Case 104 has to be annulled. \By failing to pay due regard to relevant considerations the Disciplinary Board has in effect reached its decision to dismiss^Applicant through defective reasoning. It is now up to the Disciplinary Board to reconsider the matter afresh without omitting to take into account any relevant consideration. , The fact that Applicant in the meantime has passed the normal age limit for retirement does not, in my opinion, preclude the Disciplinary Board from reconsidering thematter because such a course would be in accordance with the requirements of a provision in the Constitution, Article 146
one of the recognized exceptions to the rule against retrospectivity of administrative acts. Unlike the case of Morsis and The Republic (reported in this vol. at p. 1 ante) where the requisite disciplinary proceedings had not taken place at all, on the first occasion when a disciplinary decision was reached 100 \ 1965, Jan. 14, Feb. 3 March 1 STYLIANOS CONSTANTINOU and T H E GREEK COMMUNAL CHAMBER THROUGH THE DISCIPLINARY BOARD 1965, Jan.14, Feb. 3 March I STYLIANOS CONSTANTINOU and T H E GREEK COMMUNAL CHAMBER T H R O U G H THE DISCIPLINARY BOARD by the Public Service Commission, and, therefore, the second decision of the Commission in the matter could not be given retrospective effect in this present Case the requisite discipli nary proceedings have duly taken place on the 29th October, 1963, but the decision reached was based on defective reason ing viz. that the relevant circumstances of the transfer were not paid due regard, as above explained. In thisconnection it may be, also, useful to bear in mind the above referred to Decision 1229/1957. In that case a military officer was refused reinstatement and the Council of State annulled the refusal (Decision 1622/1955 1954 Γ p. 361) on the ground that a reason contrary to the provisions of the relevant legis lation had been relied upon. Then a new administrative decision was taken in the matter and upon a recourse against it the Council of State held, inter alia, that the new decision was properly given retrospective effect. By way of concluding remark I would observe that the Applicant in this Case has filed the recourse
adjudica tion, against his dismissal, without having first objected to the Review Committee
section 5
section 5
AI explanation based on the official legal text. Indicative, not a substitute for legal advice.