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(1978)1978 April 27 [A. Loizou, J.] IN THE MATTER OF ARTICLE 146 OF THE CONSTITUTION KATINA PANAVIDOU, Applicant, v, THE REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS, THROUGH THE PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION, Respondent. (Case No. 255/77). Public Officers—Appointments and promotions—Post of Staff Nurse (F)—First entry post—Performance at the interview—And administrative ability—Should be considered as relevant factors— Seniority—Not by itself the determining factor but part of the overallpicture of each candidate—All relevantfactors duly taken into consideration and proper weight given to each one of them— Respondent has not failed in its paramount duty to select the candidate most suitable for the post in question—Applicant on whom the onus always lies hasnot established that he had striking superiority over those selected. 5 10 Administrative Law—Administrative decision—Misconception of fact or law—Filling of first entry post in thepublic service—Reference to "appointment" or "promotion" in the relevant minutes of the appointing organ—Should be considered as a differentiation between those candidates in theservice and those not in theservice 15 —And not asshowing misconception either offact orlaw regarding the nature of the post which was to be filled by the sub judice decision—Section 28 of the Public Service Law, 1967, definition of "appointment" and "promotion". Administrative Law—Administrative decision—Due reasoning—Decision concerning appointments and promotions to post of Staff Nurse (F)—Reasons therefor appearing in the relevant minutes of the Commission—And duly supplemented by the material in the files. 144 20 \ 3 C.L.R. Panayidou τ. Republic Administrative Law—Public Officers—Appointments or promotions— Principleson whichAdministrative Court interferes withadecision of the Public Service Commission. 5 10 15 20 25 The applicant, who is an Assistant Nurse 1st Grade, was a candidate for the vacant post of Staff Nurse (F) (Psychiatric) in the Department of Medical Services, a first entry and promo­ tion post. After she had been interviewed by the respondent Public Service Commission together with the other candidates the Commission held* the view that she was not suitable for promotion to the post in question having regard to her per­ formance at the interview. The Commission went on to state that after taking into consideration "all the facts appertaining to each one of the candidates and after giving proper weight to the merits, qualifications, abilities and experience of these candidates, as well as to their suitability for appointment to the above post as shown at the interview" decided to appoint or promote to the post in question the interested parties. Applicant was by nine monthsjunior to interested party No. I but she was by 11 months senior to interested party No. 2 and by about six months senior to interested party No. 3. In­ terested party No.4 had somehow longer service than applicant. No question of seniority arose in respect of both interested parties No. 5 and 6 because the first one entered the service on daily wages as a staff nurse in 1974 and thesecond oneentered the service for the first time by means of the sub judice appoint­ ment. The qualifications of the applicant and those of four of the interested parties were the same but interested parties No. 4 and No. 6 were, also, trained in England, 30 35 Counsel for the applicant in challenging the validity of the sub judice promotions and appointments contended: (a) That the respondent Commission acted in abuse or excess of power, inasmuch as it failed to select the most suitable candidate for the post, by ignoring the striking superiority of the applicant as against the interested parties when it relied only on the performance See (he relevant minutes at p. 148 post. 145 Panayidou v. Republic
(1978)of the candidates, or at least of the applicant, at the interview and failed to take into consideration the objective criteria of merit, qualifications and seniority set out in section 44 of the Public Service Law, 1967 (Law 33/67). (
  1. b)That the subjudice decision was not duly reasoned at all and/or specially reasoned; (
  2. c)That the subjudicedecision was taken on a misconception of fact, asthe respondent Commission wrongly considered the post in question as a promotion post, 10 whereas in fact it was a first entry post. Held, dismissing therecourse
(1)that the Commission did not rely only on the performance of the candidates at the interview but,,as it appears from its minutes, it took into consideration all the facts pertaining to each one of the candidates and gave 15 proper weight to the merits, qualifications, performance and experience of the candidates, as well as to their suitability for appointment as shown at the interview; -and that, accordingly, it was reasonably open to the respondent Commission to reach the subjudice decision as it did after due inquiry in the proper 20 exercise of its administrative discretion.
(2)That it was a selection for appointment or promotion on merit, qualifications and seniority and the respondent Commission did notfail in itsparamount duty to select the candidate most suitable for the post in question; that this Court cannot 25 interfere with,and setasidesuchadecision unlessit isestablished by the applicant on whom the onus always lies that she did have striking superiority over those selected (See Evangelou v. The Republic
(1965)3 C.L.R. 292 at p. 300); and that the applicant has noi discharged this onus. 30
(3)That though applicant was senior to interested parties Nos. 2 and 3, seniority by itself is not the determining factor but part of the overall picture of each candidate which, in the present case, had to be weighed in relation to the contents of the confidential reports of these two interested parties, which 35 were better than those of the applicant, and in relation to their administrative abilities and to their performance at theinterview. (See, also, Theodossiou v. The Republic,2 R.S.C.C. 44). 146 5 3 C.L.R. 5 10 Panayidou τ. Republic
(4)That the sub judice decision was duly reasoned: The reasons given by the respondent Commission in making these promotions or appointments, which appear in the relevant minutes, were duly supplemented- by the material in the files and this constituted proper reasoning in the circumstances.
(5)That the use of both words "appointment" and"promo­ tion" by the Commission in its relevant minutes should be considered more as a matter of differentiation between those candidates in the service and those not in the service and as justified in the circumstances and not as showing misconception either of fact or law with regard to the nature of the post which was to be filled by the subjudicedecision (See definition of the words "appointment" and "promotion" in section 28 of the Public Service Law, 1967). (pp. 154-55post). 15 Cases referred to: Evangelou v. The Republic
(1965)3 C.L.R. 292 at p. 300; Georghiades and Another v. TheRepublic
(1970)3 C.L.R. 257 at p. 263; Michael v. TheRepublic
(1971)3 C.L.R. 405 at p. 408; 20 Theodossiou v. The Republic, 2 R.S.C.C.
  1. 25 30 35 Recourse. Recourse against the decision of the respondent to appoint or promote the interested parties to the post of Staff Nurse (F) (Psychiatric) in the Department of Medical Services in preference and instead of the applicant. /. Typographos,for the applicant. CI.Antoniades,Counsel of the Republic,for the respondent. Cur. adv. vult. A. Loizou J. read the following judgment. By the present recourse the applicant seeks the annulment of the decision of the respondent Commission by which it appointed or promoted to the permanent post of Staff Nurse (F) (Psychiatric), in the Department of Medical Services, the interested parties,
  2. Despina Erotokritou,
  3. Maria Kassapi,
  4. Stella Andreou,
  5. Eleni Adamou, 5.Paraskevi Christofi,
  6. Maria K. Haralambous, and not herself. The aforesaid post is a first entry post and upon the approval of the filling of five vacancies thereof as well as any conse147 A. Loizou J. Panayidou v. Republic
(1978)quential ones the respondent Commission duly advertised same and in response thereto eleven applications including that of the applicant and of the interested parties were submitted. At its meeting of the 5th May, 1977 and in the presence of the Assistant Director of the Department of Medical Services 5 and Dr. P. Matsas, Medical Superintendent Psychiatric Institutions, the respondent Commission interviewed the applicant and the interested parties. Several questions were put to them on matters ofgeneral knowledgeand onmattersconnected with the post, as shown in the relevant scheme of service. 10 The relevant minutes of the respondent Commission read:" The Commission considered themerits,qualifications and experience of the candidates interviewed as well as their performance during the interview (personality, alertness of mind, general intelligenceand thecorrectness of answersto 15 questions put to them etc.). The Personal Files and the Annual Confidential Reports of the candidates already in the service were also taken into consideration. The Commission observed that, during the interview, 20 Maria K. Haralambous, Anthoula L. Polycarpou, Paraskevi Christofi, Maroula A. Kassapi, Stella Andreou, Despina Erotokritou and Eleni A. Adamou gave very satisfactory replies to questions put to them and generally they proved to be suitable for appointment or promotion 25 to the abovepost. The Commission held the viewthat the two remaining candidates (Vasiliki Loizidou and Katina Panayidou) were not considered suitable for promotion to the post of Staff Nurse (F), having regard to their performance at the interview. 30 After consideringalltheaboveand after takingintoconsideration all the facts appertaining to each one of the candidates and after giving proper weight to the merits, qualifications, abilities and experience of these candidates, as well as to their suitability for appointment to the above 35 post as shown at the interview, the Commission decided that the following candidates be appointed or promoted 148 3 C.L.R. Panayidou v. Republic A. Loizou J. to the permanent post of Staff Nurse (F) (Psychiatric) w.e.f. 1.8.77, as shown opposite their names: 5 10 15 Maria K. Haralambous - to be appointed, on probation to the permanent post. Anthoula L. Polycarpou - do Paraskevi Christofi - do Maroula A. Kassapi - to bepromoted to the permanent post. Stella Andreou - do Despina Erotokritou - do Eleni A. Adamou - do As the remaining candidates were not considered suitable for appointment or promotion to the above post, the Commission decided that the remaining two vacancies in the post of Staff Nurse (F) (Psych.) be left unfilled for the time being." Before examining the several grounds on which the^application has been argued it is useful to refer to the careers of the parties as appearing from the relevant files. The applicant, 20 like all the interested parties, is a graduate of a Greek Secondary School and was first appointed as an Assistant Nurse on the 1st November 1966 and became an Assistant Nurse (F) 1st Grade (Psych.) on the 1st May, 1972. Interested party No. 1, Erotokritou was first appointed as an 25 Assistant Nurse on the 15th July 1964 and became an Assistant Nurse (F) 1st Grade (Psych.) on the 1st August 1971. Interested party No. 2, Kassapi was first appointed as Assistant Nurse in December 1967 and became an Assistant Nurse (F) 1st Grade (Psych.) on the 1st April 1973. 30 Interested party No. 3, Stella Andreou, was first appointed as Assistant Nurse on the 1st August 1967 and became an Assistant Nurse (F) 1st Grade (Psych.) on the 15th November 1972. Interested party No. 4, Eleni Adamou was first appointed on 35 the 28th September 1966 as Assistant Nurse and promoted to the post of Assistant Nurse 1st Grade (F) (Psych.) on the 1st May, 1972. 149 A. Lolzou J. Panayidou v. Republic
(1978)Interested party No. 5,Christofi wasfirst appointed asa Staff Nurse on daily wages (F) (Psych.) in May,
  1. Interested party No. 6, Charalambous, wasfirst appointed in the Government Service by the subjudicedecision. In so far as the seniority of those already in the service is 5 concerned and bearing in mind the provisions of section 46of the Public Service Law, 1967, interested party No. 1, Erotocritou, issenior totheapplicant byninemonths. Theapplicant and interested party No.4,Adamou, werepromoted tothepost of Assistant Nurse (F) 1st Grade on the same date as well a s / 10 on two previous appointments and promotion, but interested party Adamou entered the service just over a month pritf to the applicant. So to say the least this interested party has' somehow longer service than the applicant. , Interested party No. 2, Kassapi though appointed and pro- 15 moted on two previous occasions on the same date, as the applicant, she was promoted to the post of Assistant Nurse (F) 1st Grade on the 1st April, 1973 which makes her about 11 months junior to the applicant. Interested party No. 3, Andreou, was also appointed or 20 promoted on two previous occasions on the same date as the applicant, but consideringtheeffective date of promotion to the post held before the sub-judice decision was taken, the applicant is about six months senior to her. Interested party No. 5, Christofi, entered the service on daily 25 wages as a Staff Nurse in 1974, and interested party No. 6, Charalambous entered the service for the first time, therefore, questions of seniority do not really arise in respect of both of them. The qualifications of the applicant and the four interested 30 parties are the same. Apart from their secondary school education they started their nursing career and qualified first as registered assistant nurses and then as registered mental nurses in Cyprus. Interested party No.4, had her training at Horton Hospital SchoolofNursing,U.K.from 1967-1971andinterested 35 party No.6,Charalambous wasalso trained inEngland between theyears 1968and 1972andservedthereasastaff nursebetween 150 3 C.L.R. Panayidou v. Republic A. Loizou J. 1972-1974; both served also in other institutions,private clinics, before their first appointment in the Government Service. 5 In order to conclude the picture, reference may be made also to the confidential reports of those of them in respect of which same exist, inasmuch as there could not be confidential reports for interested parties No. 5 and
  2. Needless to say that both had worked as staff nurses already in their career. In the three last confidential reports the applicant is reported on all ratable items as very good and of average intelligence; 10 in the observations the reporting officer for the year 1974 says that "this officer has performed her duties most competently and diligently during the period under review;" in 1975 she is described as "a most diligent and competent Assistant Nurse", and for 1976 the comment is that she is "industrious, tactful 15 and conscientious. She has performed her duties competently". Interested party No. 1, Erotokritou, is reported for the year 1974 as good on four ratable items, very good in five others and of average intelligence. The observation made by the reporting officer for that year is that "she is a quite pleasant 20 person, tactful and considerate towards the patients". For 1975 she is rated as very good on all ratable items and again of average intelligence; and the comments are that she is " a most competentand diligent Assistant Nurse who has performed her duties in a satisfactory manner". For the year 1976 she is 25 reported as being very good on five ratable items, as good on three and of general average intelligence. The observation made by her reporting officer is that "she has performed her duties competently and diligently during the period under review". 30 35 Interested party No. 2, Kassapi, for the years 1974, 1975 and 1976 is reported as very good on all ratable items, and of average intelligence, except that in 1974 her ability to co-operate with colleagues is rated as excellent. The observations made in the three reports is that in 1974 "she is one of the best Assistant Nurses available. Pleasant in manners, tactful, discreet and possesses good administrative abilities"; in 1975, "A most competent and diligent Assistant Nurse with good administra­ tive abilities" and the comment for 1976 "Polite, tactful and conscientious nurse with good administrative abilities". 151 ν A. Loizou J. Panayidou v. Republic
(1978)Interested party No. 3, Andreou, is reported as excellent on the items of reliability, thoroughness and adaptability, very good on the remaining items and of average general intelligence. The comment of the reporting officer for that year is that "she is one of the best Assistant Nurses. Pleasant in manners, 5 tactful, discreet and considerate towards the patients"; for the year 1975 the comment is, "A most competent and diligent Assistant Nurse with very good administrative abilities"; and for the year 1976, "One of the best nurses available. She possessed very good administrative abilities". 10 Finally, for interested party No. 4, Adamou, the reports for the last three years are more or less the same; she is rated as very good on all ratable items, and of average intelligence and for 1975 and 1976 she is rated as good for initiative. The comments for 1974 are, "Though somewhat argumentative at 15 times, otherwise she has performed her duties most competently and diligently during the period under review"; for 1975, "A most competent and diligent Assistant Nurse, who performed her duties in a satisfactory manner during the period under review"; for 1976, "a conscientious, diligent and tactful nurse 20 with good administrative abilities". Having outlined the material in the files which were before the respondent Commission when the sub judice decision was taken with regard to the careers of the parties and in particular their respective merit, qualifications, seniority and of course 25 experience, I turn now to the grounds of law relied upon on behalf of the applicant. The first three of them taken together, amount, in effect, to the contention that the respondent Commission acted in abuse or excess of power, inasmuch as they failed to select the most 30 suitable candidate for the post, by ignoring the striking superiority of the applicant as against the interested parties, by relying only on the performance of the candidates or at least of the applicant at the interview and failing to take into consideration the objective criteria of merit, qualifications and seniority set 35 out in section 44 of the Public Service Law, 1967 (Law No. 33/67). It is true that in the minutes of the respondent Commission hereinabove set out, reference is made to the "very satisfactory 152 3 C.L.R. Panayidou v. Republic A. Loizou J. replies of the interested parties to questions put to them" and that "they generally proved to be suitable for appointment or promotion to the above post", but the Commission did not stop at that; it further stressed that it considered "the merits, 5 qualifications and experience of the candidates interviewed", as well as their performance during the interview, and concludes by saying that, "after considering all the above and after taking into consideration all the facts pertaining to each one of the candidates and after giving proper weight to the merits, qualifi10 cations, performance and experience of these candidates, as well as to their suitability for appointment to the above post as shown at the interview, the Commission decided " and went on to make its selection of the best candidates for appointment or promotion to the permanent post in question. 15 In my view it was reasonably open to the respondent Commision to reach the subjudice decision as it did after due inquiry in the proper exercise ofits administrative discretion; all relevant factors were duly taken into consideration and proper weight given to each one of them as appears from the reference just 20 made to its minutes. It was a selection for appointment or promotion on merit, qualifications and seniority and the respondent Commission did not fail in their paramount duty to select the candidate, most suitable for the post in question and this Court, as it has been , 25 repeatedly stated, cannot interfere with, and set aside such a decision unless it is established by the,applicant on whom the onus always lies that she did have striking superiority over those selected; (See Evangelouv. The Republic
(1965)3 C.L.R. 292 at p. 300 and Georghiades and another v. The Republic 30
(1970)3 C.L.R. 257 at p. 263). With regard to her seniority as against two of the interested parties, namely interested party No. 2, Kassapi and interested party No. 3, Andreou, I can only reiterate what was said in the case of Evangelou (supra) at p. 242 that seniority by itself 35 is not the determining factor but part of the overall picture of each candidate, and in the present case it had to be weighed in relation to the contents of the confidential reports and the performance at the interview which should always be considered as a factor in an administrative collective organ holding a 40 proper inquiry into the matter before exercising its administra153 Λ. Loizou J. Panayidou v. Republic
(1978)tive discretion. Moreover, in the case of Andreas Michael ν The Republic
(1971)3 C.L.R. 405 at p. 408 it was said by re­ ference to what was stated in the case of Theodossiouv. The Republic 2 R.S.C.C p. 44 that it is not proper to treat the length of service exclusively as the vital criterion, but is always one of the factors to be considered. 5 A perusal of the confidential reports of these two interested parties leads one to the conclusion that they are better than those of the applicant. The emphasis on their administrative abilities should also be borne in mind; it is a factor which must be taken as being a most relevant consideration and a material at that in determining the suitability in the post of staff nurse which presupposes administrative abilities for the performance of these duties and responsibilities as laid down in the scheme of service. 10 15 The next ground relied upon on behalf of the applicant is that "the subjudice decision was not duly reasoned or reasoned at all and/or specially reasoned". It was argued that the respondent Commission by referring only to the performance at the interview and giving no other reasons, it rendered thejudicial 20 control of this sub judice decision impossible as it did not con­ tain the facts upon which the decision was reached. I do not subscribe to this view, I have referred to the minutes and the reasons given therein by the respondent Commission in making these promotions or appointments, which are duly supplemented by the material in the files and this, constitutes, proper reasoning in the circumstances. 25 Finally it was argued that the decision was taken on a mis­ conception of fact, as the respondent Commission wrongly considered the post in question as a promotion post, whereas 30 in fact it was a first entry post, and misconception of fact leads indirectly to violation of law and it is a ground for annulment. It is the same with the case when the reasoning of the admini­ strative act happens to be misconceived. In the minutes reference is made to the suitability of the candidates "for appointment" to that post; as it is stated that 154 35 3 C.L.R. Panayidou v. Republic A. Loizou J. the Commission decided that the following candidates be "appointed or promoted to the permanent post". In my view there is no misconception either of fact or law when the Commission refers to "appointment or promotion". 5 It is obvious that in so far as those in the Service were concerned and holding the post of Assistant Nurse 1st Grade their case could be rightly treated as coming within the definition of the word "promotion" to be found in section 28 of the Public Service Law, 1967, where it is defined as meaning "any change 10 in an officer's substantive status which carries with it an increase in the officer's remuneration or which carries with it the emplacement of the officer in a higher division of the Public Service, or on a salary scale with a higher maximum, whether the officer's remuneration at the time is increased by such a 15 change or not; and the expression "to promote" has to be construed accordingly". On the other hand in so far as interested parties No. 5, Christofi and No. 6, Charalambous are concerned, it is a case of "appointment" in a first entry post, and not of "promotion", • 20 as the first, though serving as a Staff Nurse on daily wages, held no substantive status in the service, and the second was not in the service at all. "Appointment" is defined in section 28 as meaning the conferment of an office upon a person not in the public service or the conferment upon an officer of an 25 office other than that which he substantively holds, not being a promotion. Therefore, the use of both words "appointment" and "promotion" should beconsidered more as a matter of differentiation between those in the service and those not in the service and as 30 justified in the circumstances and not showing misconception either of fact or law with regard to the nature of the post which was to be filled by the subjudice decision. For all the above reasons I have come to the conclusion that the present recourse should fail as it hasnot been established 35 that either, the applicant has striking superiority or the sub judice decision was not duly reasoned or there has been any 155 A. Loizou J. Panayidou r. Republic
(1978)misconception of law or fact or that it was taken contrary to law. Therefore, the recourse isdismissed, but in the circumstances I make no order as to costs. Application dismissed. 5 No orderas tocosts. 156

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