(1982)1982 February 15 [PIKIS. J.j JΝ THE MATTER OF ARTICLE 146 OFTHECONSTITUTION GEORGHIOS HADJISAVVA, Applicant t v. THE REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS, THROUGH THE PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION, Respondent. {Case No. 331/80). Public Officers—Promotions—Seniority—The least consequential of the three factors that define one's right to promotion—First consideration is merit—Seniority prevails if all other factors are equal—Exp: n: nee—Length of service is not the only guide to experience which is reflectedfrom one's merits as well—Promo5 tions to post of Airport Assistant 2nd Grade—Applicant and interested parties with equal qualifications but the latter had better confidential reports and were recommended by Head of Department—Applicant more senior than interested parties —No valid ground for interfering with sub Judice promotions. 10 Legitimate interest—Recourse against promotion—Dismissal—Appli cant has no legitimate interest to complain about date of com mencement of promotions. The applicant in this recourse challenged the validity of the f promotion o the two interested parties to the post of Airpoa 15 Assistant 2nd Grade. The qualifications of applicant and the interested parties were equal but in the last two confidential reports they weic rated as "very good" and applicant as ''good". The head of the Department, who was present at therelevant interview, stated that the interested parties weie the candidates 20 most suitable for promotion. Counsel for the applicant invited the Court ίο anaui the sub 76 3 C.L.R. HadjiSana v. Republic judicepromotionsonthegroundsoftheseniorityoftheapplicant and his greater overall experience in the field of civil aviation. 5 10 15 20 Held,that seniority is the least consequential, of the three factors, that define one's right to promotion; that the first consideration is merit (see section 44
(2)of the Public Service Law, 1967);that seniority can have a decisiveeffect only where the merits and qualifications of theparties areevenly balanced; that there is nothing before this Court to suggest that the respondent failed in any way to accord due consideration to applicant's seniority; that the length of service is not the only guide to experience and experience is reflected not only from length of service but from one's merits aswell; that, therefore, thedecisionoftherespondentcannotbefaulted onanylegitimate ground; accordingly the recourse should fail. Held, further, that since applicant failed to make out a case for interfering with the sub judice decision he ceases to have anylegitimateinteresttocomplainaboutthedateof appointment of the interested parties, in this case, retroactively made, for that doesnot affect hispositionintheserviceinanyway. Application dismissed. No order as to costs. Cases referred to: Partellidesv. The Republic
(1969)3 C.L.R. 480; Ioannides v. The Republic
(1979)3 CL.R.
- 25 Recourse. Recourse against the decision of the respondents to promote theinterested parties to the post of Airport Assistant 2nd Grade in preference and instead of the applicant. 30 P. Petrides, for the applicant. R. Gavrielides, Senior Counsel of the Republic, for the respondent. Cur. adv. vult. PIKIS J. read the following judgment. Georghios HadjiSawa, an officer in the Civil Aviation Department, occupying 35 thepost ofAirport Assistant 3rd Grade,contestshisnon promotion to Airport Assistant 2nd Grade, and challenges the appoint- 77 Ptkis
- HadjiSavva v. Republic
(1982)ment to that position of the two interested parties, namely, Vassos Theocharous and Charalambos Stylianou, as wrongly made. Originally, as one may gather from the application, the gravamen of the complaint was that respondents ignored, abusingthereby their powers in law,applicant's striking superiority to the interested parties. This ground was abandoned at the trial in view of the service records of the contestants and the absence of any data lending support to the contention of the apphcant. 5 "Striking Superiority": As the expression "striking superiority" suggests, a party's superiorly, to validate an allegation of this kind, must be selfevidentand apparentfrom aperusal ofthefilesofthecandidates. Supsriority must be of such a nature as to emerge on any view 15 of the combined effect of the merits, qualifications and seniority of the parties competing for promotion; in other words, it must emerge as an unquestionable fact; so telling, as to strike one at first sight. Disregard of such superiority, where extant, constitutes in itself evidence of abuse of power bythe appointing 20 authority. .A heavy burden lies on the party seeking to justify its disregard. The applicant singularly failed to establish a case of striking superiority;far from it, a reflection on the merits and qualifications of the parties, as disclosed in the confidential reports andthefilesofthe candidates,suggeststhattheinterested 25 parties possessed superior merits, whereas their qualifications were, taking a view most favourable to the applicant, at hast equal. The overall rating of each one of the interested parlies during the two years preceding the appointments in question, is better in comparison to that of the applicant. The interested 30 parties were rated as 'very good', whereas the applicant as 'good'. The head of the department who participated in the interview of the candidates with a view to assisting the Public Service Commission to select the most suitable candidates, expressed the view that the interested parties werethe candidates 35 most suitable for promotion, another weighty consideration in evaluating the merits of the parties for promotion. The Remaining Complaints: Notwithstanding the presence of the aforementioned weighty considerations that left the ground perfectly openfor therespon- 40 78 10 3 C.L.R. HadjiSavta \, Republic Pikis J. dents to take the sub-judice decision, counsel for the applicant invited the Court to annul it on two grounds :(a) The: seniority of the applicant, and . 5 (b) his greater overall experience in the field of civil aviation. The implication from this submission is that experience is a separate factor meriting consideration separately and distinctly from seniority. It is unnecessary to recall any of the numerous decisions of the Supreme Court on the importance of seniority 10 to one's right to promotion. Seniority is, according to s. 44
(2)of the Public Service Law, 33/67, one of three considerations to which the body vested with power to effect the promotions should have regard. It can have a decisive effect only whs/c the merits and qualifications of the parcies are evenly balanced. 15 (See,inter alia, CostasPartellidesv. TheRepublic
(1969)3 C.L.R. 480, and Ioannides v. The Republic
(1979)3 C.L.R. 628). Experience: Experience isthe practical knowledge acquired from applying one's self to a particular type of work. Length of service is 20 not the only guide to experience. The intensity with which one applies himself to a given field and the results of his work, are equal, if not moie significant indicators of experience. It is for these reasons that experience is not listed as a separate consideration to which the appointing body should pay heed 25 Experience is reflected not only from length of service but from one's merits as well. Seniority: There is nothing before the Court to suggest that the respondentsfailed inanyway toaccord dueconsideration to applicant's 30 seniority, a fact that was before the Public Service Commission. Seniority is, according to s. 44
(2)of the Public Service Law, 33/67, the least consequential of the three factors that define one's right to promotion. The first consideration is merit, andrightlyso,for i;isthebest guidewherefrom onemay forecast 35 who is likely to discharge best duties on a higher plane. In the long run, the reward of merit in the public service and elsewhere, is the best safeguard for an efficient public service. The decision of the respondents cannot be faulted on any 79 Pikis J. HadjiSawa v. Republic
(1982)legitimate ground, andinmyjudgment,thereisnovalidground for interfering with it. Hence the recourse must be dismissed. Having concluded that applicant failed to make out a case for interfering with the sub-judice decision, he ceases to have any legitimate interest to complain about the date of appointment of the interested parties, in this case retroactively made, for that does not affect his position in the service in any way. Consequently, I shall refrain from touching upon this issue. The recourse is dismissed 5 It is with some reluctance that Ishallnot order the apphcant 10 to pay the costs of the proceedings. There will be no ordsr as to costs. Application dismissed. No order as to costs. 80