clr/1992/1992_1_1.pdf

(1992)andrespectiveamounts of tbealleged withdrawals, butnot of tbe cheque numbers or of thesignatories of thecheques — Principles applicable. Tbeappellantbrought anaction againsttherespondentclaiming (

1. a)CP241.433.401 mils and (
2. b)further or in the alternative, an 5 accountofmoneysreceivedbytherespondentduringtheyear1980, andconsequentialrelief.Inparagraph6ofthestatementofclaimthe amounts claimed under (
3. b)above were itemised, but no further particulars were given. Before filing his statementof defence,the respondent applied for further andbetterparticulars (set outin the 10 Schedule to the judgment), claiming that same were necessaryto enablehimtoidentify eachamountandmakehisdefence. Thetrial Courtorderedtheappelant*togive particulars (
4. a)of thedateandrespectiveamountsallegedlywithdrawnIn 1980,(b)of thereasonsputforwardby therespondentfor eachwithdrawal,and IS (
5. c)of each amount alleged in paragraph 6

(1), (

1. ii)and (ili) of the statement of claim,giving dates,amounts, chequenumbers and sig­ natories. The appellants appealed against the said order. The respondent cross-appealed againsttherefusal of the trial Courtto order particulars withregardto paragraphs 8 and 10of the state- 2 0 mentofclaim. Held, allowingtheappealInpartanddismissingtbecross-appeal: (
2. a)Where theclaimisforaccountonly,orwherethedefendant deniesthatheisanaccountingparty,noparticularswillbeordered. Where, however, as in this case, a specific or liquidated sum is 25 claimed, particulan of how this sum is made up should be given, regardlessofthefactthataclaimforaccountisalsoincluded. (
3. b)At this stage of the action (i.e.before the filing of the statement of defence) the only particulan necessaryto enablethe respondent to prepare his defence were those of the dates and 30 respective amountsallegedlywithdrawnin 1980,assetout in para graph6ofthestatementofclaim.Accordingly,theorderofthetrial Courtshouldbevaried,andthecross-appealdismissed. Appealallowedinpart,andcross-appealdismissed withoutcosts. Orderofthe trialCourt varied 35 'Εχθεση Απαιτήσεως— Λεπτομέρειες — Αγωγήγιαλογαριασμό σε σχέση με συγκεκριμένα ποσάχρημάτων που κατ' ισχυρισμό απο­ σύρθηκανκατάτηνδιάρκεια συγκεκριμένηςχρονικήςπεριόδου— Αίτησηγια περαιτέρωκαικαλύτερες λεπτομέρειες πριν από την υπεράσπιση— Έγινε αποδεκτή, ώστε να διαταχθούνοι ενάγοντες 4 0 ναδώσουνλεπτομέρειεςτωνημερομηνιώνκαιαντίστοιχωνποσών τωνισχυριζόμενωναποσύρσεων, αλλά όχιτοναριθμότων επιτα- 2 1ΑΑΛ. CyprusAirwaysLtdv.Savva(A$.1) γώνήτωνυπογραφόντωναντές—Αρχές πουεφαρμόζονται. 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Η εφεσείουσακίνησεαγωγήεναντίοντον εφεσίβλητουαξιώνο­ ντας (α)ΛΚ24Μ33.401 μιλς χαι(β)περαιτέρω ήδιαζευκτικά,λο­ γαριασμόγιαχρήματαπουέλαβεοεφεσίβλητος κατάτηνδιάρκεια τουέτους 1980,καιπαρεπόμενες θεραπείες. Στην παράγραφο6 της έκθεσης απαιτήσεως ταποσά που εζητούντο δυνάμει του(β) ανωτέρω αναφέρθηκαν κατάκονδύλι, αλλά δεν δόθηκανπεραιτέ­ ρω λεπτομέρειες. Προτού καταχωρήσει την έκθεση υπερασπίσεως του,οεφεσίβλητος ζήτησε περαιτέρω και καλύτερες λεπτομέρειες (εκτίθενται στον πίνακατης απόφασης),ισχυριζόμενος ότι αυτές ήσαναναγκαίεςγιανα μπορέσει ναεντοπίσει τοκάθεποσόκαινα υποβάλειτηνυπεράσπισητου. ΤοπρωτόδικοΔικαστήριοδιέταξετηνεφεσείουσαναδώσειλε­ πτομέρειες (α)των ημερομηνιών καιαντίστοιχωνποσών πουκατ1 ισχυρισμό αποσύρθηκαντο 1980,(β)τωνλόγωνπου προβλήθηκαν από τον εφεσίβλητο για κάθε απόσυρση,και (γ) του κάθε ποσού πουανεφέρετοστηνπαράγραφο6(i),(U)και(ill) τηςέκθεσηςαπαι­ τήσεως,δίδοντας ημερομηνίες,ποσά,αριθμούς επιταγώνκαι τους υπογράφοντεςαυτές.Ηεφεσείουσαυπέβαλεέφεσηεναντίον τηςεν λόγωδιαταγής.Οεφεσίβλητος υπέβαλεαντέφεσηεναντίον της άρ­ νησηςτουπρωτόδικουΔικαστηρίου ναδιατάξειτηνχορήγηση λε­ πτομερειών σχετικά με τις παραγράφους 8 και 10τηςέκθεσης απαιτήσεως. Αποφασίσθηκε, επιτρέποντας ενμέρει την έφεσηκαι απορρίπτονταςτηναντέφεση: (α) 'Οπου ηαπαίτηση είναι μόνο για λογαριασμό, ήόπου ο εναγόμενος αρνείται ότι έχει υποχρέωση ναδώσει λογαριασμό, δεν διατάσσονται περαιτέρω λεπτομέρειες. Όπου, όμως, όπως στην παρούσα περίπτωση, απαιτείται συγκεκριμένο ή εκκαθαρισμένοποσό,λεπτομέρειες απότιαποτελείται αυτότοποσόπρέπει να δίδονται, ανεξάρτητααπό τογεγονός ότιπεριλαμβάνεταικαι αξίωσηγιαλογαριασμό. (β)Γαυτό τοστάδιο της αγωγής (δηλαδήπριναπότηνκατα­ χώρησητηςέκθεσηςαπαιτήσεως) οι μόνες λεπτομέρειες πουήσαν αναγκαίεςγιαναδώσουντηνδυνατότηταστον εφεσίβλητοναετοι­ μάσειτηνυπεράσπισητου ήσαναυτές τωνημερομηνιών καιαντί­ στοιχωνποσώνπουκατ'ισχυρισμό είχαν αποσυρθεί το 1980,όπως αναφέρονται στην παράγραφο6 τηςέκθεσης απαιτήσεως. Κατά συνέπεια,ηδιαταγήτου πρωτόδικουΔικαστηρίου έπρεπε νατροποποιηθεί,καιηαντέφεση νααπορριφθεί. Ηέφεσηεπιτράπηκεενμέρει, και η αντέφεσηαπορρίφθηκε,χωρίςέξοδα. ΤοδιάταγματουπρωτόδικουΔικάστηρίοντροποποιήθηκε. 3 CyprusAirwaysLtdv. Sew· (Αρ.1)

(1992)Casesrefenedto: Augustinusv.NerincL·[1880]16ChJ). 13Sharerv.Wallace[1950]2AllKR.463 ReWeBl[1962]1W.LR.397· Blackiev.Osmaston[1884]28ChJ). 119Kempv. Goldberg[1887]36ChD.505· Cmr. Andenoo[1902]18TJJL206· Paoayiotouv.Solomou

(1979)1C.LR. 779. Appealand cross-appeal. \Q Appealandcross-appealagainstarulingof theDistrict Courtwhereby itwasorderedthattheplaintiffs file In Court and deliver within one month particulars in respect of certainitemsof thestatement of claimwithout makingany orderastocosts. 15 P.Polyviou,forthe appellants. L.PapaphUippou, fortberespondent. Cur. adv. vuit. TRIANTAFYLLIDES, P.: The Judgment of the Court2 Q willbedeliveredby Mr.Justice Stylianldes. STYLIANIDES, J.: The appellants-plaintiffs raised an action against the defendant-respondent claiming, by a speciallyindorsedwrit:(

1. a)Cp241,433.401 mils due and payable by the 25 defendanttotheplaintiffs;and (
2. b)Further or alternatively an account of moneys received by the defendant during the year 1980not 4 1 ΑΛΛ. CyprusAirwaysLtd τ.Saws (Αρ.1) StylUaldes,J. accountedfor to theplaintiffs and/oraninquiry as to all moneys of the plaintiffs had and received by the defendant tohisownuseuponthetaking of suchaccount. The defendant, before defence, by application based on S 0.19, rr.5-8 and 0.48, r.2, sought an order directing the plaintiffs to give further and better particulars of the statement of claim Indorsed on the writ of summons, as shown on the annexed Schedule "A", attached to this Judgment. 10 Thisapplicationwasfiledafter aletterof request for the same particulars was unsuccessful. In the accompanying affidavit in support of the application, it is stated that the particulars applied for are necessary in order to enable the defendant topleadhisdefence; theplaintiffs claimaggregate 15 huge amountsof money allegedlyreceived over a periodof a whole year without givingparticulars. Suchparticulars are necessary to enable the defendant to identify each amount • and make his defence. It is necessary for the defendant to know,before his defence, how eachamountwas paidto him 20 or through him,whether by cheques or cash andwho issued andsigned suchcheques. Theapplicationwas opposed. The trial Court, after hearing addresses of counsel, in a reserved ruling ordered the plaintiffs to file in Court and 25 deliver within onemonththefollowing particulars:"(
3. a)Particulars of the dates and the respective amounts alleged to have been withdrawn during 1980 by thedefendant from thePlaintiffs' funds. 30 (
4. b)Particulars of the reasons put forward by the defendant inrespea of eachamountalleged tohavebeen withdrawn by the defendant, identifying the document stating suchreasons or if suchreasons were oralthedates andeffect thereof. 5 SSyfafea, J. CypraoAlroayoL&dv.Sovvo (A$.1)

(1992)(c) Particulars of each amount alleged in subparagraphs (i), (ii), and (ill) of paragraph 6 of the statement of claim giving dates, amounts, numbers of chequesignatories." Noorderestocostswasmade. 5 Tbe appellants-plaintiffs by this appeal challenge tbe ^foresaidruling. The respondent-defendant by cross-appeal complains that the Court wrongly differentiated the necessity of particulars for the preparation of the defence from the 10 preparation of tbe presentation of the case and seeks that theorderbevariedsoastodirecttheappellants-plaintiffs to give particulan as regards paragraphs 8 and 10 of the statement ofclaim.He,also,complainsthat the Courtmade noorderfor costsinhisfavour. IS The trial Court in the well considered ruling meticulously expounded the Law on the matter - (Pages 36-43of therecord). There was no contest over the principles of Law governingthematter. 20 Counsel for the appellants conceded that the trial Judge haswellset outtheLawInhisrulingand,after referring to a number of authorities, he submitted that, having regard to thenature oftheclaimandthe statement of claim,no order forparticularsshouldhavebeenmade. 25 The matter is not a novel one. According to the authorities, where it is essential for the plaintiffs case to have an account he shouldindorse his writ with a claim to have an account taken. If the plaintiffs claim is for an account only or for an account as well as money had and 30 received but the issue is whether the defendant is an accounting party, the plaintiff willnot be compelledto give particulars of the sums which he says the defendant has 6 1ΑΛΛ. CyprusAirwaysLtd v.Savvu(A$.1) Stylbnldes,J. receivedto his use orforwhichthe defendanthas toaccount to theplaintiff, sincesuchparticularswill form part ofthe subsequentaccount(Augustinus v.NerincL·

(1880)16 QLD. 13 at 17;Sharer v. Wallace [1950] 2 All EJt 463; Inre 5 WeJls [1962] 1 WLR. 397). On the other hand, if the plaintiffs claimisfor aspeciflcorliquidatedsum, hewillbe compelledtogive particulan of how suchsumismade op, althoughtheclaimisformulated asfor anaccount (Blackie v.Osmastoo

(1884)28 Ch.D. 119at 123,wheretheplaintiff 10 claimed a definite sum as well as an account; Kemp v. Goldberg [188η 36Ch.D. 505; Carr v. Anderson [1902]18 T.LR.206.CA.). Particulan should not be confused with Interrogatories or discovery and inspection of documents.Theparticulan mustbematerialinthesenseof 0.19, r.4, necessaryforthe purposeofformulating acompletecauseofactionandtobe required for theformulation of thedefenceso asthe other partynottobetakenbysurprise.Particulanare, ofcourse, required of facts andnot of evidence - (see Panayiotou v. Solomon

(1979)1C.L.R.779). PARTICULARSBEFOREDEFENCE: In order to prevent a request for particulan of the statement of claimbeingusedas anInstrumentof delay, an orderfor particulanwillnotbemadebefore theservice of 25 thedefence,unlessintheopinion of thecourt,theorderis necessary or desirable to enable the defendant to pleador forsomeotherspecialreason.Particulanbeforedefenceare necessaryordesirablewhereotherwisethedefendantwould be prejudiced or embarrassedin his pleading, or toenable 30 the defendant to decide how to plead. Thus, where the defendant genuinely desirestoconsider,making apayment into court,particulan of specialdamagewill ordinarily be ordered before defence, as, for example, in actions for wrongful dismissal. On the other hand, although the 35 defendant maybe entitledtotheparticulan requested, they will not be ordered before the defence if they are not necessary or desirable at that stage, asfor example,where 7 Styllnaldeo,J. CypruoAlrwayoLtdv.Sown (AQ.1)

(1992)thedefendant intendstocontesttheissueofwhetherheis an accounting party, particulars of the sums alleged to have beenpaidtohimwulnotbeorderedbeforethedefence. Particulan maybeorderedto beservedbefore discovery or interrogatories withliberty to supplement them by 5 servingfurther particulanafterdiscoveryorinterrogatories. Thetrial Courtruledthat the particulan appliedfor in respectofparagraphs8and10ofthestatementofclaimare not necessary for the preparation of the defence, but observed that the respondent might at a later stage be 10 entitledtosuchparticulan. Thesubject matterofanappealIsthejudgmentororder ofthesubordinateCourtonlyandnotitsobservations. Hadthe case been onefor accounts,no order for par- .ticularswouldbegiven. With regard to the second or further and alternative claimof thestatement ofclaim,itemization oftheamounts as set out in paragraph 6is not sufficient to enable the respondent-defendant to prepare his defence. The particulan requiredforthepurposeareparticulanofthedatesand 20 the respective amounts allegedto havebeen withdrawnIn 1980bythedefendant fromtheplaintiffs'funds,assetoutin paragraphs 6(i),(ii)and (ill). Thenumben,however, ofthe chequesandthesignatoriesthereof arenot materialfactsin thesenseof0.19,r.4. 25 Therefore, in view of the above,neither the reason put forwardbythedefendant inrespect ofeachamountalleged to havebeen drawnbythedefendant northe identification ofthedocumentsstatingsuchreasons,isnecessary. Wedecidedtovarytheorderunderappeal. WesetasidetheorderofthetrialCourtandsubstituteit bythefollowingOrder:8 -*0 1 ΑΛΛ. CyprusAirways Ltdv. Saws (Αφ. 1) StyUanldes,J. Plaintiffs to file and deliver within forty-five days the following particulars:Particulan of the dates and the amounts alleged in paragraph 6(i),(ii)and(ill)of thestatementof claimto have 5 beenwithdrawn by thedefendant. With regard tocosts,noorderastocosts before bothtbe trial CourtandthisCourt. Appealallowed "SCHEDULEA 10 Paragraph 3 Particulan of the contents of the minutes of the Board Meeting of the 14thJuly, 1981 and/ortheeffect thereof. Paragraph4 15 (a)Particulanof thereports mentionedinparagraph 4 of theStatementof Claimgivingdates andcontents. (b) Particulan of the indications concerning the alleged possible acts of misconduct and/or omission and/or mismanagement of thepart of the Defendant,giving dates &grounds. 20 (c)Particulan of the acts of misconduct and/or omission andormismanagement. (d) Particulan of the "thorough investigations into the affain of the Plaintiffs". 25 (e) Particulan of the activities of the Defendant during the year 1980, stating the date of each activity and theactualactivity complained of. Paragraph5 9 Styliaaides,J. CyprusAirwaysLtdv.Sawa(A*1)

(1992)The datewhen Metaxas,Loizides, Syrlmls andCo.were appointed by the Plaintiffs, and particulan of their investigations. Paragraph6 Particulan of the dates and the respective amounts 5 alleged to have been withdrawn during 1980 by the defendantfromthePlaintiffs'funds. (b) Particulan of the reasons put forward by the Defendantinrespectofeachamountallegedtohave ben withdrawn by the Defendant, identifying the 10 document stating such reasons or if such reasons wereoralthedatesandaffectthereof. (c)Particulanofeachamountallegedinsub-paragraphs

(1), (li), and(ill) of paragraph 6 of the Statement of Claim giving dates, amounts, numben of cheques andsignatories. Paragraphs The dateswhenthedefendant allegedly admittedhaving receivedfromthePlaintiffs'assetsandfunds,statingwhether it was orally or in writing. If in writing identifying the 20 documentordocumentscontainingsuchadmittance. Paragraph10 (a)The date whenallegedly the Defendant was askedto give a full account and if in writing identifying the relevantdocument. (b) Whether the defendant gave any account which as alleged was not a full account and the contents thereof." 10 ^