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2005 SOCIAL WELFARE (REVISED AGREEMENT WITH AUSTRALIA ON SOCIAL SECURITY) ORDER, 2005 WHEREAS the arrangements in respect
matters relating to social security set out in the Agreement in the Schedule to this Order (hereinafter called “the Agreement”) were made by the Government
Ireland with the Government
Australia; AND WHEREAS it is provided in Article 23
the Agreement that the Agreement will be subject to ratification; AND WHEREAS it is also provided in the said Article that the Agreement will come into force on the first day
the second month following the month in which the instruments
ratification are exchanged; AND WHEREAS the aforesaid instruments
ratification were exchanged in Canberra on the 29th day
November, 2005. NOW THEREFORE the Minister for Social and Family Affairs, in exercise
the powers conferred on him by Sections 4 and 287
the Social Welfare Consolidation Act 2005 (No. 26
2005), hereby makes the following Order:-
January,
January, 2006 the Social Welfare Consolidation Act 2005 and the regulations made under that Act insofar as they relate to old age (contributory) pension, retirement pension invalidity pension, widow's and widower's (contributory) pension orphan's (contributory) allowance, bereavement grant, and the liability
a person to the payment
employment and self-employment contributions shall be modified to the extent necessary to take account
and give effect to the provisions
the Agreement. 4. The Social Welfare (Agreement with Australia on social security) Order 1992 ( S.I. No. 84
1992 ) is hereby revoked. GIVEN under the
ficial Seal
the Minister for Social and Family Affairs this 13th day
December, 2005 L.S. SÉAMUS BRENNAN Minister for Social and Family Affairs SCHEDULE AGREEMENT ON SOCIAL SECURITY BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT
AUSTRALIA AND THE GOVERNMENT
IRELAND AGREEMENT ON SOCIAL SECURITY BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT
AUSTRALIA AND THE GOVERNMENT
IRELAND The Government
Australia and the Government
Ireland (hereinafter “the Parties”), Wishing to strengthen the existing friendly relations between the two countries, Desiring to review the Agreement between Australia and Ireland on Social Security signed on 8 April 1991, and Acknowledging the need to coordinate the operation
their respective social security systems and to eliminate double coverage; Have agreed as follows: PART I—GENERAL PROVISIONS ARTICLE 1 Definitions 1. In this Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires: (a) “benefit” means, in relation to a Party, a benefit, pension or allowance for which provision is made in the legislation
that Party, and includes any additional amount, increase or supplement that is payable in addition to that benefit, pension or allowance to or in respect
a person who qualifies for that additional amount, increase or supplement under the legislation
that Party, but for Australia does not include any benefit, payment or entitlement under the law concerning the superannuation guarantee; (b) “Competent Authority” means, in relation to Australia: the Secretary
the Department responsible for the application
the legislation in subparagraph 1(a)(i)
this Agreement except in relation to the application
the Agreement (including the application
other Parts
the Agreement as they affect the application
that Part) where it means the Commissioner
Taxation or an authorised representative
the Commissioner; and in relation to Ireland: the Minister for Social and Family Affairs; (c) “Competent Institution” means, in relation to Australia: the institution or agency which has the task
implementing the applicable Australian legislation; and in relation to Ireland: the Department
Social and Family Affairs; (d) “legislation” means, in relation to Australia: the laws specified in subparagraph 1(a)(i)
except in relation to the application
the Agreement (including the application
other Parts
the Agreement as they affect the application
that Part) where it means the law specified in subparagraph 1(a)(ii)
; and in relation to Ireland: the laws specified in subparagraph 1 (b)
; (e) “period
Australian working life residence”, in relation to a person means a period defined as such in the legislation
Australia, but does not include any period deemed pursuant to Article 11 to be a period in which that person was an Australian resident; (f) “Irish period
insurance” means, a period in respect
which qualifying contributions have been paid or a period in respect
which contributions have been treated as paid or credited and which has been or can be used to acquire the right to benefit under the legislation
Ireland, but does not include any period deemed pursuant to Article 13 to be an Irish period
insurance; (
Australia; and in relation to Ireland: that part
the island
Ireland which is at present under the jurisdiction
the Government
Ireland; (i) “widowed person” means, in relation to Australia, a person who stops being a partnered person because
the death
the person's partner but does not include a person who has a new partner. 2. In the application by a Party
this Agreement, any term not defined shall unless the context otherwise requires, have the meaning which it has under the legislation
that Party. ARTICLE 2 Legislative Scope 1. Subject to paragraph 2, this Agreement shall apply to the following laws, as amended at the date
signature
this Agreement, and to any laws that subsequently amend, supplement, consolidate or replace them: (
signature
this Agreement is contained in the Superannuation Guarantee (Administration) Act 1992 Superannuation Guarantee Charge Act 1992 and the Superannuation Guarantee (Administration) Regulations, only in relation to the application
this Agreement; (
employment and self-employment contributions. 2. Notwithstanding the provisions
paragraph 1: in relation to Australia, the legislation
Australia shall not include treaties or other international agreements concluded between it and a third State; and in relation to Ireland, the legislation
Ireland shall not include the Regulations on Social Security
the Institutions
the European Communities or any treaties or other international agreements on social security that may be concluded between Ireland and a third State or legislation promulgated for their specific implementation. 3. This Agreement shall apply to laws which extend the legislation
either Party to new categories
beneficiaries only if the two Parties so agree. ARTICLE 3 Personal Scope This Agreement shall apply to any person who: (
Ireland, and, where applicable, to other persons in regard to the rights they derive from the person described above. ARTICLE 4 Equality
Treatment Subject to this Agreement, all persons to whom this Agreement applies shall be treated equally by a Party in regard to rights and obligations regarding eligibility for and payments
benefits which arise whether directly under the legislation
that Party or by virtue
this Agreement. PART II - PROVISIONS FOR AVOIDING DOUBLE COVERAGE ARTICLE 5 Purpose
Part The purpose
this Part is to ensure that employers and employees who are subject to the legislation
Ireland or Australia do not have a double liability under the legislation
Ireland and Australia, in respect
the same work
an employee. ARTICLE 6 Application
Part This Part only applies if an employee and/or the employer
the employee would apart from this Part, be subject to the legislation
both Parties in respect
work
the employee or remuneration paid for the work. ARTICLE 7 Diplomatic and Consular Relations This Agreement shall not affect the provisions
the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations
18 April 1961, or the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations
24 April 1963. ARTICLE 8 Application
Legislation 1. Unless otherwise provided in paragraphs 2, 3, 4 or 5 if an employee works in the territory
one Party, the employer
the employee and the employee shall in respect
the work and the remuneration paid for the work be subject only to the legislation
that Party. 2. If an employee: (a) is covered by the legislation
one Party; and (b) was sent, whether before, on or after the entry into force
this Agreement, by an employer who is subject to the legislation
that Party to work in the territory
the other Party; and (c) is working in the territory
the other Party in the employment
the employer or a related entity
that employer; and (d) is not working permanently in the territory
the other Party; the employer and employee shall, for a period not exceeding 4 years from the time the employee is sent to work in the territory
the other Party, be subject only to the legislation
the Party from which the employee was sent in respect
the work and the remuneration paid for the work. An entity is a related entity
an employer if the entity and the employer are members
the same wholly or majority owned group. 3. If the employer for the purposes
paragraph 2
this Article is the Government
a Party, then the time limit specified in paragraph 2 shall not apply. For the purposes
this paragraph, Government includes: in relation to Australia, a political subdivision or local authority
Australia; in relation to Ireland, a local authority
Ireland. 4. If an employee is working in the employment
an employer on a ship in international traffic the employer
the employee and employee shall in respect
the employment and the remuneration paid for that employment be subject only to the legislation
the Party
which the employee is resident. 5. A person who is a member
the travelling or flying personnel
a transport undertaking who is employed in the territory
both Parties shall be subject to the legislation
that Party in which the undertaking has its registered
fice unless (a) the employee is permanently employed by a branch
fice or permanent representation
the employer in the territory
the other Party, or (b) the employee is permanently resident in and is mainly employed in the territory
the other Party, in which case he or she shall be subject to the legislation
the latter Party. In any case, for the purposes
this paragraph, an Australian resident employee working for an Australian resident employer shall be subject to the legislation
Australia. ARTICLE 9 Exception Agreements 1. The Competent Authorities may, for the purposes
this Part, by agreement in writing: (a) extend the period
4 years referred to in paragraph 2
for any employee; or (b) provide that an employee is taken to work in the territory
a particular Party, or to work on a ship or aircraft in international traffic, under the legislation
a particular Party and is covered only by the legislation
that Party. 2. Any agreement made under paragraph 1 may apply to: (a) a class
employees; and/or (b) particular work or a particular type
work (including work that has not occurred at the time the agreement is made). PART III—PROVISIONS RELATING TO AUSTRALIAN BENEFITS ARTICLE 10 Residence or Presence in the Territory
Ireland or a Third State Where a person would be qualified under the legislation
Australia or by virtue
this Agreement for a benefit except that he or she is not an Australian resident and in Australia on the date on which he or she lodges a claim for that benefit but he or she: (a) is an Australian resident or residing in the territory
Ireland or a third State with which Australia has concluded an agreement on social security that includes a provision for co-operation in the assessment and determination
claims for benefits; and (b) is in Australia, or the territory
Ireland or that third State, that person, so long as he or she has been an Australian resident at some time, shall be deemed, for the purposes
lodging that claim, to be an Australian resident and in Australia on that date. ARTICLE 11 Totalisation for Australia 1. Where a person to whom this Agreement applies has claimed an Australian benefit under this Agreement and has accumulated: (a) a period as an Australian resident that is less than the period required to qualify that person, on that ground, under the legislation
Australia for a benefit; and (b) a period
Australian working life residence equal to or greater than the period identified in paragraph 4 ; and (c) an Irish period
insurance, then, that Irish period
insurance shall be deemed, only for the purposes
meeting any minimum qualifying periods for that benefit set out in the legislation
Australia, to be a period in which that person was an Australian resident provided that Ireland considers that period to be an Irish period
insurance at the time
totalisation. 2. For the purposes
paragraph 1, where a person: (a) has been an Australian resident for a continuous period which is less than the minimum continuous period required by the legislation
Australia for entitlement
that person to a benefit; and (b) has accumulated an Irish period
insurance in two or more separate periods that equals or exceeds in total the minimum period referred to in subparagraph (a), the total
the Irish periods
insurance shall be deemed to be one continuous period. 3. For all the purposes
this Article, where a period by a person as an Australian resident and an Irish period
insurance coincide, the period
coincidence shall be taken into account once only by Australia as a period as an Australian resident. 4. The period
Australian working life residence to be taken into account for the purposes
subparagraph 1(
an Australian benefit claimed by a person residing outside Australia, the minimum period required shall be 12 months,
which at least 6 months must be continuous; and (b) for the purposes
an Australian benefit claimed by an Australian resident, no minimum period shall be required. 5. For the purpose
a claim by a person for a pension payable to a widowed person, that person shall be deemed to have accumulated an Irish period
insurance for any period for which his or her partner accumulated an Irish period
insurance but any period during which the person and his or her partner both accumulated those periods
insurance shall be taken into account once only. 6. For the purpose
converting Irish periods
insurance into periods as an Australian resident in accordance with this Article, one week
an Irish period
insurance shall be deemed to be a period
a week as an Australian resident. ARTICLE 12 Calculation
Australian Benefits 1. Subject to paragraph 2, where an Australian benefit is payable whether by virtue
this Agreement or otherwise to a person who is outside the territory
Australia, the rate
that benefit shall be determined according to the legislation
Australia, but when assessing the income
that person for the purposes
calculating the rate
the Australian benefit only a proportion
any Irish benefit which is received by that person shall be regarded as income. That proportion shall be calculated by multiplying the number
whole months accumulated by that person in a period
residence in Australia (not exceeding 300) by the amount
that Irish benefit and dividing that product by
income described in that paragraph for any period during which the rate
that person's Australian benefit is proportionalised under the legislation
Australia. 3. Where an Australian benefit is payable, whether by virtue
this Agreement or otherwise to a person who is resident in the territory
Ireland, Australia shall disregard, when assessing the income
that person, any
the Irish payments listed hereunder: (
the Child Care (Placement
Children in Foster Care) Regulations 1995 or Article 15
the Child Care (Placement
Children with Relatives) Regulations 1995; and any other payments
a similar nature proposed by the Competent Institutions specified in Article 1 and jointly approved by the Competent Authorities and listed in the Administrative Arrangement.
paragraph 6, where an Australian benefit is payable only by virtue
this Agreement to a person who is in Australia, the rate
that benefit shall be determined by: (a) calculating that person's income according to the legislation
Australia but disregarding in that calculation any Irish benefits received by that person; (b) deducting the amount
any Irish benefits received by that person from the maximum rate
that Australian benefit; and (
Australia, using as the person's income the amount calculated under subparagraph (a). 6. Where a married person is, or both that person and his or her partner are, in receipt
an Irish benefit or benefits, each
them shall be deemed, for the purpose
paragraph 5 and for the legislation
Australia, to be in receipt
one half
either the amount
that benefit or total
both
those benefits as the case may be. 7 The provisions in paragraph 5 shall continue to apply for 26 weeks where a person departs temporarily from Australia. PART IV—PROVISIONS RELATING TO IRISH BENEFITS ARTICLE 13 Totalisation for Ireland 1. Notwithstanding the provisions
paragraphs 2 and 3
this Article where a person is entitled to an Irish benefit by virtue
his or her Irish periods
insurance alone, that benefit shall be payable and the provisions
paragraph 2
this Article shall not apply. 2. Subject to paragraph 5, if a person is not entitled to an Irish benefit on the basis
his or her Irish periods
insurance alone, then such periods shall be totalised with periods
residence in Australia, in accordance with the provisions
paragraph 3. The person's entitlement to benefit shall be determined on the basis
the totalised periods in accordance with the statutory contribution conditions provided for under the legislation
Ireland and the amount
Irish benefit payable shall be calculated in accordance with the provisions
For the purposes
determining entitlement to an Irish benefit in accordance with the provisions
paragraph 2, each calendar week or part thereof in which a person has a period
Australian working life residence shall be deemed to be a contribution week in respect
which the person has a qualifying contribution under the legislation
Ireland. 4. Where a period
Australian working life residence and an Irish period
insurance coincide, the period
coincidence shall be taken into account once only by Ireland as an Irish period
insurance. 5 For the purpose
determining entitlement to benefits other than bereavement grant or orphan's (contributory) allowance, if the total duration
the Irish periods
insurance completed by the person since his or her entry into insurance under the legislation
Ireland is less than one year and if, taking into account only those periods, no right to a benefit exists under that legislation, the Competent Authority
Ireland will not be required to award benefits in respect
those periods by virtue
this Agreement. 6. For the purpose
determining entitlement to a bereavement grant or orphan's (contributory) allowance: (a) periods
Australian working life residence shall be taken into account as if they were Irish periods
insurance completed under the legislation
Ireland; (b) periods
Australian working life residence shall be converted into Irish periods
insurance in accordance with the provisions
paragraph
determining entitlement
a person to an invalidity pension, any period
continuous incapacity for work which occurs during a period
Australian working life residence by that person shall be deemed to be a period
continuous incapacity in the territory
Ireland. ARTICLE 14 Calculation
Irish Benefits 1. Where a person is entitled to an Irish benefit by virtue
the totalisation arrangements prescribed in Article 13, the Competent Institution
Ireland shall calculate the amount
benefit, other than bereavement grant and orphan's (contributory) allowance, as follows: (a) the amount
the theoretical benefit exclusive
any additional amount or supplement or any increase other than an increase for a qualified adult which would be payable if all the periods
Australian working life residence and all the Irish periods
insurance had been completed under Irish legislation; (b) the proportion
such theoretical benefit which bears the same relation to the whole as the total
Irish periods
insurance completed under the legislation
Ireland bears to the total
all periods
Australian working life residence and Irish periods
insurance. The proportionate amount thus calculated plus any additional amount supplement or increase other than an increase for a qualified adult shall be the rate
benefit actually payable by the Competent Institution
Ireland. 2. Where a period
working life residence in Australia is not counted by the Competent Authority
Australia under the provisions
subparagraph (a)
paragraph 4
, the provision
subparagraph (b)
paragraph 1
this Article will not apply and entitlement to Irish benefits will be calculated on the basis
the totalised period. 3. In the case
bereavement grant and orphan's (contributory) allowance the amount
benefit payable shall be calculated in accordance with the relevant contribution conditions under the legislation
Ireland taking account
the provisions
PART V-MISCELLANEOUS AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS ARTICLE 15 Lodgement
Documents 1. A claim, notice or appeal concerning a benefit, whether payable by a Party by virtue
this Agreement or otherwise, may be lodged in the territory
either
the Parties in accordance with administrative arrangements made pursuant to Article 19 at any time after the Agreement enters into force. 2. The date on which a claim, notice or appeal referred to in paragraph 1 is lodged with the Competent Institution
the other Party shall be treated, for the purposes
assessing entitlement to benefit, as the date
lodgement
that document with the Competent Institution
the first Party. The Competent Institution to which a claim, notice or appeal is lodged shall refer it without delay to the Competent Institution
the other Party. 3. A claim for a benefit from one Party shall be considered as a claim for the corresponding benefit from the other Party if the claimant: (i) so requests; or (ii) provides information at the time
the application indicating that the person had a period
residence or contributions under the social security laws
the other Party. 4. In relation to Australia, the reference in this Article to an appeal document is a reference to a document concerning an appeal that may be made to an administrative body established by, or for the purposes
, the social security laws
Australia. ARTICLE 16 Determination
Claims 1. In determining the eligibility or entitlement
a person to a benefit by virtue
this Agreement: (a) a period as an Australian resident and an Irish period
insurance; and (b) any event or fact which is relevant to that eligibility or entitlement, shall, subject to this Agreement, and to the relevant provisions
the social security laws
each Party, be taken into account in so far as those periods or those events or facts are applicable in regard to that person and whether they were accumulated or occurred before or after the date on which this Agreement enters into force. 2. The commencement date for payment
a benefit payable by virtue
this Agreement shall be determined in accordance with the legislation
the Party concerned but shall never be earlier than the date on which this Agreement enters into force. 3. In the case
contingencies which occurred before the commencement
this Agreement the amount
a benefit under the legislation
Ireland due only by virtue
this Agreement shall be determined from the date
entry into force
the Agreement at the request
the beneficiary. 4. Where: (a) a benefit is paid or payable by a Party to a person in respect
a past period; (b) for all or part
that period, the other Party has paid to that person a benefit under its legislation; and (c) the amount
the benefit paid by that other Party would have been reduced had the benefit paid or payable by the first Party been paid during that period; then (
that debt may be deducted from future payments
a benefit payable by that Party to that person. 5. Where the first Party has not yet paid the benefit described in subparagraph 4(a) to the person: (a) that Party shall, at the request
the other Party, pay the amount
the benefit necessary to meet the debt described in subparagraph 4(
the debt to the Competent Institution making the request. 7. A reference in paragraphs 4 and 5 to a benefit means, in relation to Australia a pension, benefit or allowance that is payable under the social security laws
Australia and, in relation to Ireland, any pension, benefit or allowance payable under the laws
Ireland. ARTICLE 17 Payment
Benefits 1. Benefits payable by virtue
this Agreement are also payable in the territory
the other Party. 2. Where the legislation
a Party provides that a benefit is payable outside the territory
that Party, then that benefit, when payable by virtue
this Agreement, is also payable outside the territories
both Parties. 3. The payment outside Australia
an Australian benefit that is payable by virtue
this Agreement shall not be restricted by those provisions
the legislation
Australia which prohibit the payment
a benefit to a former Australian resident who returns to Australia, becoming again an Australian resident, and lodges a claim for an Australian benefit and leaves Australia within a specified period
time. ARTICLE 18 Exchange
Information and Mutual Assistance 1. The Competent Authorities and Competent Institutions responsible for the application
this Agreement: (a) shall communicate to each other any information necessary for the application
this Agreement; (b) shall lend their good
fices and furnish assistance to one another with regard to the determination or payment
any benefit under this Agreement or the legislation to which this Agreement applies as if the matter involved the application
their own legislation; (c) shall communicate to each other, as soon as possible, all information about the measures taken by them for the application
this Agreement or about changes in their respective legislation insofar as these changes affect the application
this Agreement; and (d) at the request
one to the other, assist each other in relation to the implementation
agreements on social security entered into by either
the Parties with third States, to the extent and in the circumstances specified in administrative arrangements made in accordance with Article 19. 2. The assistance referred to in paragraph 1 shall be provided free
charge subject to any administrative arrangements made pursuant to Article
a Party, any information about an individual which is transmitted in accordance with this Agreement to a Competent Authority or a Competent Institution
that Party by a Competent Authority or a Competent Institution
the other Party is confidential and shall be used only for purposes
implementing this Agreement and the legislation to which this Agreement applies. 4. In no case shall the provisions
paragraphs 1 and 3 be construed so as to impose on the Competent Authority or Competent Institution
a Party the obligation: (a) to carry out administrative measures at variance with the laws or the administrative practice
that Party or the other Party; or (b) to supply particulars which are not obtainable under the laws or in the normal course
the administration
that Party or the other Party. 5. In the application
this Agreement, the Competent Authority and the Competent Institution
a Party may communicate with the other in any
ficial language
that Party. ARTICLE 19 Administrative Arrangements The Competent Authorities
the Parties shall make whatever administrative arrangements are necessary in order to implement this Agreement. ARTICLE 20 Resolution
Difficulties 1. The Competent Authorities
the Parties shall resolve, to the extent possible any difficulties which arise in interpreting or applying this Agreement according to its spirit and fundamental principles. 2. The Parties shall consult promptly at the request
either concerning matters which have not been resolved by the Competent Authorities in accordance with paragraph 1. ARTICLE 21 Review
Agreement Where a Party requests the other to meet to review this Agreement, the Parties shall meet for that purpose as soon as possible after that request was made and, unless the Parties otherwise agree, their meeting shall be held in the territory
the Party to which the request was made. PART VI—TRANSITIONAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS ARTICLE 22 Transitional provisions 1. Subject to this Agreement, when this Agreement comes into force, the previous agreement shall terminate and persons who were receiving benefits by virtue
that agreement shall receive those benefits by virtue
this Agreement. 2. Where, on the date on which this Agreement enters into force, a person: (a) is in receipt
a benefit by virtue
the previous Agreement; or (
this Agreement shall affect that person's qualification to receive that benefit. ARTICLE 23 Entry Into Force 1. This Agreement is subject to ratification. The instruments
ratification shall be exchanged as soon as possible, after all constitutional and legislative requirements, including administrative arrangements referred to in Article 19
this Agreement have been fulfilled. 2. This Agreement shall enter into force on the first day
the second month following the month in which the instruments
ratification are exchanged. ARTICLE 24 Termination 1. Subject to paragraph 2, this Agreement shall remain in force until the expiration
12 months from the date on which either Party receives from the other a note through the diplomatic channel indicating the intention
the other Party to terminate this Agreement. 2. In the event that this Agreement is terminated in accordance with paragraph 1 the Agreement shall continue to have effect in relation to all persons who: (a) at the date
termination, are in receipt
benefits; or (b) prior to the expiry
the period referred to in that paragraph, have lodged claims for, and would be entitled to receive, benefits, by virtue
this Agreement, or (c) immediately before the date
termination, are subject only to the legislation
one Party as mentioned in and by virtue
paragraph 1 or 2
or Article 9, but only for so long as the Agreement would have continued to apply to the employee had the Agreement not been terminated. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorised thereto by their respective Governments, have signed this Agreement. DONE in 2 originals at Dublin this 9th day
June two thousand and five. FOR THE GOVERNMENT
AUSTRALIA: FOR THE GOVERNMENT
IRELAND: John Herron Séamus Brennan EXPLANATORY NOTE (This note is not part
the Instrument and does not purport to be a legal interpretation). This Order gives effect to the revised bilateral Agreement on Social Security made between Ireland and Australia which comes into effect from 1 January 2006. The Order provides that the Social Welfare Acts and relevant Regulations will be modified to take account
the provisions
the Agreement. The primary purpose
the revised Agreement is to modify the terms
the earlier Agreement to take account
legislative changes that have occurred in both States. The Agreement provides that periods
insurance in Ireland and residence in Australia may be taken into account, where necessary, by either State in order to qualify for certain benefits and pensions. In the case
Ireland the Agreement covers old age (contributory pension, retirement pension, widow's and widower's (contributory pension, orphan's (contributory) allowance, and bereavement grant. The Agreement also contains provisions which allow workers in one State who are sent temporarily by an employer to work in the territory
the other State, to remain attached to the social security system
the first State for a period
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