Local Government (Sanitary Services) Act, 1948

Local Government (Sanitary Services) Act, 1948 Skip to content Disclaimer Feedback Helpdesk Gaeilge Léim go dtí an t-ábhar Séanadh Aiseolas Deasc chabhrach English Gaeilge English Produced by the Office of the Attorney General Táirgthe ag Oifig an Ard-Aighne Home Legislation Acts of the Oireachtas Statutory Instruments Pre-1922 Legislation Constitution External Resources Bills (Houses of the Oireachtas) Iris Oifigiúil / Official Gazette Revised Acts (LRC) Classified List of Legislation (LRC) Translations (acts.ie) Translations (Houses of the Oireachtas) Government Publications for Sale EU Law (EUR-Lex) FAQ Disclaimer Feedback Helpdesk Search Baile Reachtaíocht Achtanna an Oireachtais Ionstraimí Reachtúla Reachtaíocht Réamh-1922 Bunreacht Acmhainní Seachtracha Billí (Tithe an Oireachtais) Iris Oifigiúil Achtanna Athbhreithnithe (CAD) (An Coimisiún um Athchóiriú an Dlí) Liosta Rangaithe Reachtaíochta Aistriúcháin (achtanna.ie) Aistriúcháin (Tithe an Oireachtais) Foilseacháin Rialtais ar Díol Dlí AE (EUR-Lex) CCanna (Ceisteanna Coitianta) Séanadh Aiseolas Deasc chabhrach Cuardach TitleTeideal Year(s) or rangeBliain nó blianta nó raon TypeCineál All Legislation Acts Statutory Instruments Advanced SearchCuardach Casta HomeBaile ActsAchtanna 1948 Local Government (Sanitary Services) Act, 1948 Local Government (Sanitary Services) Act, 1948 Permanent Page URL View by SectionAmharc de réir Ailt View Full ActAmharc ar an Acht Iomlán Bill History Stair Bille Commencement, Amendments, SIs made under the Act Tosach Feidhme, Leasuithe, IRí arna ndéanamh faoin Acht Print Full ActPriontáil an tAcht Iomlán Number 3 of 1948. LOCAL GOVERNMENT (SANITARY SERVICES) ACT, 1948. ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS Part I. Preliminary and General. Section 1. Short title, construction and collective citation. 2. Definitions. 3. Commencement. 4. Repeals. 5. Application of sections 219 to 223 of Act of 1878. 6. Continuation of existing regulations and bye-laws. 7. Laying of regulations before Houses of Oireachtas. 8. Revocation or amendment of order made by the Minister under this Act. 9. Expenses of the Minister. Part II. Drainage. 10. Definitions for Part II. 11. Combined drains. 12. Provisional drainage order. 13. Objection to provisional drainage order. 14. Coming into force of provisional drainage order. 15. Portion of drainage works to be executed by sanitary authority. 16. Execution of drainage works by sanitary authority. 17. Payment to sanitary authority of their expenses in executing drainage works. 18. Nuisances in drains. Part III. Water Supply. 19. Definitions for Part III. 20. Provisional water supply order. 21. Objection to provisional water supply order. 22. Coming into force of provisional water supply order. 23. Portion of system of pipes to be made by sanitary authority. 24. Making of system of pipes by sanitary authority. 25. Payment to sanitary authority of their expenses in making system of pipes. 26. Contribution to private water supplies. 27. Taking of samples of water. 28. Repairs to water pipes. 29. Charges by sanitary authority for supplying water. Part IV. Temporary Dwellings and Use of Land for Camping. 30. Bye-laws in respect of use of temporary dwellings. 31. Prohibition by sanitary authority of temporary dwellings. 32. Nuisances in relation to temporary dwellings. 33. Extension of powers of court in certain proceedings. 34. Use of land for camping. Part V. Baths, Washhouses, Bathing Places, Etc. 35. Provision of public baths, etc.. 36. Charges for use of public baths, etc. 37. Life guards and life saving equipment. 38. Use of swimming baths and bathing places for entertainments. 39. Instruction in life saving. 40. Contribution to certain societies. 41. Bye-laws in respect of public bathing. 42. Bye-laws for regulation of swimming baths and bathing places. 43. Public baths, etc., maintained by commissioners of a town not an urban district. Part VI. Disposal of Bodies. 44. Restriction on places in which bodies may be buried. 45. Maintenance by burial board of grave. 46. Restriction on exhumations. 47. Disposal of bodies otherwise than by burial. Part VII. Miscellaneous. 48. Facilities for games or other recreation. 49. Obstructions in rivers and watercourses. 50. General expenses and special expenses of rural sanitary authority. 51. Restriction on building over sewer or water main. 52. Onus of proof. 53. General application of Part III of Public Health Acts Amendment Act, 1890. 54. General application of Parts II, III, V, VI and X of Public Health Acts Amendment Act, 1907. 55. Restriction of application of section 251 of Act of 1878. FIRST SCHEDULE. Enactments Repealed. SECOND SCHEDULE. Matters for which provision may be made by bye-laws in respect of the use of temporary dwellings. THIRD SCHEDULE. Matters for which provision may be made by bye-laws in respect of public bathing. FOURTH SCHEDULE. Matters for which provision may be made by bye-laws in respect of a swimming bath or bathing place not maintained by a sanitary authority. Acts Referred to Tourist Traffic Act, 1939 No. 24 of 1939 Coroners (Amendment) Act, 1927 No. 1 of 1927 Foreshore Act, 1933 No. 12 of 1933 Local Government Act, 1925 No. 5 of 1925 Local Government Act, 1927 No. 3 of 1927 Public Health (Special Expenses) Act 1931 No. 3 of 1931 Number 3 of 1948. LOCAL GOVERNMENT (SANITARY SERVICES) ACT, 1948. AN ACT TO AMEND AND EXTEND THE PUBLIC HEALTH ACTS, 1878 TO 1931. [14th January, 1948.] BE IT ENACTED BY THE OIREACHTAS AS FOLLOWS:— PART I. Preliminary and General. Short title, construction and collective citation. 1.—(1) This Act may be cited as the Local Government (Sanitary Services) Act, 1948. (2) This Act shall be construed as one with the Public Health Acts, 1878 to 1931. (3) The Public Health Acts, 1878 to 1931, and this Act may be cited together as the Local Government (Sanitary Services) Acts, 1878 to 1948. Definitions. 2.—(1) In this Act— the expression “the Act of 1878” means the Public Health (Ireland) Act, 1878 ; the expression “the Acts” means the Local Government (Sanitary Services) Acts, 1878 to 1948. the word “enactment” includes any instrument made under an Act; the expression “the Minister” means the Minister for Local Government; the expression “temporary dwelling” means any— (a) tent, or (b) van or other conveyance (whether on wheels or not), or (c) shed, hut or similar structure, or (d) vessel on inland waters, used for human habitation or constructed or adapted for such use; the word “vessel” includes any ship, boat, barge or lighter. (2) A reference in this Act to contravention of any provision includes, where appropriate, a reference to contravention of that provision by failing or refusing to comply therewith. Commencement. 3.—This Act (except section 34) shall come into operation on such day or days as, by order or orders made by the Minister under this section, may be fixed therefor either generally or with reference to any particular purpose or provision and different days may be so fixed for different purposes and different provisions. Repeals. 4.—The enactments mentioned in the First Schedule to this Act are hereby repealed to the extent mentioned in the third column of that Schedule. Application of sections 219 to 223 of Act of 1878. 5.—Sections 219 to 223 of the Act of 1878 shall apply in relation to bye-laws made under this Act. Continuation of existing regulations and bye-laws. 6.—Every regulation or bye-law which was made under an enactment repealed by this Act and which was in force immediately before such repeal shall, upon and after such repeal, be deemed to be a regulation or bye-law (as the case may be) made under the appropriate section of this Act and shall have effect and be capable of being amended or revoked accordingly. Laying of regulations before Houses of Oireachtas. 7.—Every regulation made by the Minister under this Act shall be laid before each House of the Oireachtas as soon as may be after it is made, and, if a resolution annulling the regulation is passed by either such House within the next subsequent twenty-one days on which that House has sat after the regulation is laid before it, the regulation shall be annulled accordingly but with out prejudice to the validity of anything previously done thereunder. Revocation or amendment of order made by the Minister under this Act. 8.—Every power conferred by this Act on the Minister to make any order shall be construed as including a power to revoke or amend any order made under such power and to make another order in lieu of any order so revoked. Expenses of the Minister. 9.—The expenses incurred by the Minister in the administration of this Act shall, to such extent as may be sanctioned by the Minister for Finance, be paid out of moneys provided by the Oireachtas. PART II. Drainage. Definitions for Part II. 10.—In this Part of this Act— the expression “combined drain” means a single private drain used for the drainage of two or more separate premises; the expression “drainage order” means an order under section 12 of this Act which is in force; the expression “drainage works” includes the provision, construction, laying down, repair or improvement of any of the following things: (a) drains, soil pipes and waterpipes, (b) connections with drains and sewers, (c) ventilating shafts and manholes, (d) septic tanks and cesspools, (e) water closets and sinks, (f) any other constructions, works, pipes or appliances required for the proper and efficient drainage of premises; the expression “provisional drainage order” means an order under section 12 of this Act which is not for the time being in force; the expression “separate drain” means a drain used for the drainage of the whole or part of one separate premises only; the expression “separate premises” means a separate building with its curtilage (if any) or a separate plot of ground not being the curtilage of any buildings. Combined drains. 11.—(1) A combined drain shall, for the purposes of the Acts, be deemed to be a drain and not to be a sewer. (2) Every combined drain which was, immediately before the commencement of this Part of this Act, vested in a sanitary authority by virtue of section 15 of the Act of 1878 shall, on such commencement, cease to be so vested. (3) Nothing in subsection (2) of this section shall be construed as entitling any person to terminate, prevent, or interfere with the drainage by means of a combined drain of any land or premises drained immediately before the commencement of this Part of this Act by that drain. Provisional drainage order. 12.—(1) Where any separate premises in a sanitary district appear to the sanitary authority of that district not to be drained in a satisfactory manner, the authority may, subject to the provisions of this section, by order require the execution, within a specified period after the coming into force of the order, of any specified drainage works which, in the opinion of the authority, are necessary in order to provide such premises with a satisfactory drainage system. (2) Where two or more separate premises in a sanitary district appear to the sanitary authority of that district not to be drained in a satisfactory manner and the authority are of opinion that such premises can be drained more economically or advantageously in combination rather than separately, the authority may, subject to the provisions of this section, by order require the execution, within a specified period after the coming into force of the order, of any specified drainage works which, in the opinion of the authority, are necessary in order to provide such premises with a satisfactory combined drainage system. (3) In considering for the purposes of this section whether the drainage of any premises is satisfactory or what drainage works are necessary in order to provide any premises with satisfactory drainage, a sanitary authority shall, in particular, have regard to the character of the area in which the premises are situate, the situation and nature of the sewerage system (if any) in that area and the purposes for which the premises are used. (4) An order under subsection (2) of this section shall state the separate premises for the drainage of which each portion of the drainage works specified in the order is required. (5) An order under this section, in lieu of specifying a time for the completion of the whole of the drainage works required thereby, may divide those works into two or more parts or stages and specify a time for the completion of each part or stage. (6) An order under this section shall specify separately any portion of the drainage works required thereby which is to be executed under section 15 of this Act by the sanitary authority making the order. (7) An order under this section shall not provide for the drainage of any separate premises by means of an existing drain which is the property of a person not the owner of such premises unless either that person has consented to such provision or he is under an obligation enforceable at law to allow the drainage of such premises by means of such drain. (8) Copies of an order under this section shall, within seven days after the day on which the order is made, be served on the owner and on the occupier of every premises to which the order relates and on any other person who is the owner or occupier of land on which any drainage works are to be executed under the order. Objection to provisional drainage order. 13.—(1) The owner or occupier of any separate premises to which a provisional drainage order relates or any other person who is the owner or occupier of land on which any drainage works are to be executed under the order may object to the order by giving notice in that behalf to the Minister within thirty days after the day on which the order was made and the notice shall be in writing and shall contain a statement of the grounds of such objection. (2) Where a notice of objection to a provisional drainage order is given under this section, the Minister, after consideration of the objection and after consultation with the sanitary authority who made the order, shall either— (a) confirm the order without amendment or with such amendments as he thinks proper, or (b) annul the order. Coming into force of provisional drainage order. 14.—(1) Where no objection is made under section 13 of this Act to a provisional drainage order, the order shall come into force thirty-seven days after the day on which the order was made. (2) Where a provisional drainage order is confirmed without amendment on an objection under section 13 of this Act, the order shall come into force on the date on which it is confirmed. (3) Where a provisional drainage order is confirmed with amendments on an objection under section 13 of this Act, the order as so amended shall come into force on the date on which it is confirmed. Portion of drainage works to be executed by sanitary authority. 15.—(1) In this section the word “system” means a system of drains for the connection of any separate premises with a sewer, combined drain, cesspool or septic tank. (2) Where a drainage order requires the making of a system passing through land of which the owner is not an owner of separate premises to which the order relates, the sanitary authority who made the order shall themselves make so much of the system as lies within that land. (3) Where a drainage order requires the making of a system for one separate premises only and the total length of the drains in the system exceeds one hundred feet, the sanitary authority shall themselves make every portion of the system which is more than one hundred feet (measured along the system) from such premises. (4) Where a drainage order requires the making of a system for two or more separate premises and the total length of the drains in the system exceeds one hundred feet multiplied by the number of such premises, the sanitary authority who made the order shall themselves make the portion of the system equal in length (measured along the system) to such excess and nearest to the sewer, combined drain, cesspool or septic tank to which the system is connected. (5) Any doubt, dispute or question which may arise as to the portion of a system to be made by a sanitary authority pursuant to subsection (4) of this section shall be decided by the Minister and his decision shall be final. (6) For the purposes of making any drain forming part of drainage works under this section, a sanitary authority shall have the powers mentioned in section 18 of the Act of 1878 as if the drain were a sewer and, on exercising any such power, shall be liable to pay such (if any) compensation as if the power had been exercised under that section. Execution of drainage works by sanitary authority. 16.—(1) Where— (a) a drainage order specifies a period for the completion of the whole of the drainage works required thereby and (b) on the expiration of that period, such drainage works (other than works to be executed under section 15 of this Act) have not been begun or, if begun, have not been completed, the sanitary authority who made the order may themselves execute or complete (as may be appropriate) such drainage works. (2) Where— (a) a drainage order divides the drainage works required thereby into two or more parts or stages, and (b) any such stage or part (other than any works to be executed under section 15 of this Act) has, on the expiration of the period specified in the order for its completion, not been begun or, if begun, has not been completed, the sanitary authority who made the order may themselves execute or complete (as may be appropriate) the whole of such drainage works. (3) Any officer, servant or agent of a sanitary authority may, for the purposes of the execution or completion under this section on any land of any drainage works required by a drainage order made by the authority, enter on such land and there do all things reasonably necessary for the execution or completion thereof. (4) Any person who wilfully obstructs an officer, servant or agent of a sanitary authority in the lawful exercise of any power conferred by subsection (3) of this section shall be guilty of an offence under this section and shall be liable on summary conviction thereof to a fine not exceeding twenty-five pounds and, in the case of a continuing offence, to a further fine not exceeding five pounds for every day on which the offence is continued. Payment to sanitary authority of their expenses in executing drainage works. 17.—(1) Where a drainage order relates only to one separate premises or only to two or more separate premises having the same owner, the owner of the premises shall, subject to subsection (3) of this section, pay to the sanitary authority who made the order the amount of any expenses incurred by them in the execution of the whole or any part of the drainage works required by the order. (2) Where a drainage order relates to two or more separate premises not having the same owner, the sanitary authority who made the order shall, subject to subsection (3) of this section, apportion any expenses incurred by them in the execution of the whole or any part of the drainage works required by the order between the owners of the premises and the following provisions shall have effect in connection with the apportionment: (a) the authority shall, within seven days after the day on which they make the apportionment, serve notice thereof on every such owner, (b) any such owner may object to the apportionment by giving notice in that behalf to the Minister within twenty-one days after the apportionment was made and the notice shall be in writing and shall contain a statement of the grounds of such objection, (c) on such notice of objection being given, the Minister, after consideration of the objection and after consultation with the authority, shall either confirm the apportionment or make a new apportionment, (d) where no objection is made under paragraph (b) of this subsection to the apportionment made by the authority or where, on an objection under that paragraph, that apportionment is confirmed, the amount apportioned to each such owner by that apportionment shall be paid by him to the authority, (e) where, on an objection under paragraph (b) of this subsection to the apportionment made by the authority, a new apportionment is made, the amount apportioned to each such owner by the new apportionment shall be paid by him to the authority. (3) Where a portion of the drainage works required by a drainage order has been executed by virtue of subsection (3) or subsection (4) of section 15 of this Act by the sanitary authority who made the order, the expenses incurred by the authority in the execution of such portion shall not be included in the expenses to be paid to or apportioned by the authority under this section. (4) Any doubt, dispute or question which arises as to the amount of the expenses which are to be paid to or apportioned by a sanitary authority under this section shall be decided by the Minister and his decision shall be final. (5) An amount payable to a sanitary authority under this section— (a) may, without prejudice to the application of section 255 of the Act of 1878, be recovered by the authority as a simple contract debt in any court of competent jurisdiction, or (b) may be declared by the authority to be private improvement expenses under the Acts, and may be recovered accordingly. Nuisances in drains. 18.—(1) Where a sanitary authority become aware or suspect that the drainage system of one or more than one separate premises or any part of such system is so defective, foul or neglected as to be or to be likely to become a nuisance or injurious to health, it shall be lawful for the authority after seven days' notice in writing to the occupier of the land in which such system or part thereof is situate or, in case of emergency, without notice or after shorter notice, to cause such system or part thereof to be opened up and examined and for that purpose to cause any necessary openings and excavations to be made. (2) If a drainage system or part thereof is found on an examination under subsection (1) of this section not to be defective, foul or neglected, the sanitary authority who authorised the examination shall, subject to subsection (6) of this section, cause such system to be restored and any openings or excavations made in connection with the examination to be closed or filled up and any damage done to be made good. (3) If a drainage system or part thereof is found on an examination under subsection (1) of this section to be defective, foul or neglected and any works are necessary for the abatement or prevention of a nuisance or injury to health, the following provisions shall have effect: (a) subject to subsection (6) of this section, the sanitary authority who authorised the examination shall carry out such works, (b) such sanitary authority may recover the cost of such works (including the cost of the examination) from the owner of the separate premises drained by such system or, where such system or part thereof is used for the drainage of two or more separate premises not having the same owner, from the several owners of such premises in the proportion determined under paragraph (c) of this subsection, (c) where such system or part thereof is used for the drainage of two or more separate premises not having the same owner, such sanitary authority, or, in case of dispute, the Minister shall apportion the cost of such works (including the cost of the examination) between the several owners of such premises having due regard to their respective responsibilities for the defective, foul or neglected condition of such system. (4) If a drainage system or part thereof is found on an examination under subsection (1) of this section not to be defective, foul or neglected but it appears to the sanitary authority who authorised the examination that any separate premises drained by such system or part thereof are not drained satisfactorily, such sanitary authority may serve on the owner of such separate premises a notice stating that they intend to make a provisional drainage order in respect of such premises. (5) If a drainage system or part thereof is found on an examination under subsection (1) of this section to be defective, foul or neglected and it appears to the sanitary authority who authorised the examination that, after carrying out the works necessary for the prevention of a nuisance or injury to health, any separate premises drained by such system or part thereof would still not be drained satisfactorily, such sanitary authority may serve on the owner of such separate premises a notice stating that they intend to make a provisional drainage order in respect of such premises. (6) Where a sanitary authority serve a notice under subsection (4) or (5) of this section, they shall take all reasonable steps to prevent injury to health or inconvenience arising during the period before the provisional drainage order referred to in the notice comes into force but shall not be obliged to comply with subsection (2) or paragraph (a) of subsection (3) (as the case may be) of this section unless and until either— (a) one month elapses after the service of the notice and the intended order has not been made in the meantime, or (b) the intended order is made but is annulled on an objection, or (c) the owner of such separate premises expressly requires such compliance. (7) Any cost incurred by a sanitary authority in complying with a requisition made under paragraph (c) of subsection (6) of this section by the owner of any premises shall, if a drainage order is made in respect of such premises, be deemed to be part of the cost of the execution of the drainage works required by such order. (8) Any officer, servant or agent of a sanitary authority may, for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this section, enter on any land and there do all things reasonably necessary for that purpose. (9) Any person who wilfully obstructs an officer, servant or agent of a sanitary authority in the lawful exercise of any power conferred by subsection (8) of this section shall be guilty of an offence under this section and shall be liable on summary conviction thereof to a fine not exceeding twenty-five pounds and, in the case of a continuing offence, to a further fine not exceeding five pounds for every day on which the offence is continued. (10) For the purposes of this section, a closet, privy or sink shall be regarded as part of the drainage system of the premises which it serves, PART III. Water Supply. Definitions for Part III. 19.—In this Part of this Act— the expression “provisional water supply order” means an order under section 20 of this Act which is not for the time being in force; the expression “water supply order” means an order under section 20 of this Act which is in force. Provisional water supply order. 20.—(1) Where any building in a sanitary district appears to the sanitary authority of that district not to be provided with a satisfactory supply of water for domestic purposes, the authority may, by order, require such building to be connected, in a specified manner and within a specified time after the coming into force of the order, with a public water supply or with an existing pipe which is itself connected with a public water supply. (2) In considering for the purposes of this section whether an existing supply of water to a building is satisfactory, a sanitary authority shall, in particular, have regard to the character of the area in which the building is situate, the situation and nature of any public water supply or sewerage system available in that area and the purposes for which the building is used. (3) An order under this section shall specify separately any portion of the work required by the order to be done which is to be executed under section 23 of this Act by the sanitary authority making the order. (4) An order under this section may relate to two or more buildings and may require the provision of pipes for use, wholly or in part, in common by two or more of such buildings. (5) An order under this section shall not require the connection of a building with an existing pipe which is itself connected with a public water supply, such pipe being the property of a person who is not the owner of such building, unless either that person has consented to such connection or he is under an obligation enforceable at law to allow such connection. (6) Copies of an order under this section shall, within seven days after the day on which the order is made, be served on the owner and the occupier of every building to which the order relates and on any other person who is the owner or occupier of land through which any pipes are required by the order to pass. Objection to provisional water supply order. 21.—(1) The owner or occupier of a building to which a provisional water supply order relates and any other person who is the owner or occupier of land through which any pipes are required by the order to pass may object to the order by giving notice in that behalf to the Minister within thirty days after the day on which the order was made and the notice shall be in writing and shall contain a statement of the grounds of such objection. (2) Where a notice of objection to a provisional water supply order is given under this section, the Minister, after consideration of the objection and after consultation with the sanitary authority who made the order, shall either— (a) confirm the order without amendment or with such amendments as he thinks proper, or (b) annul the order. Coming into force of provisional water supply order. 22.—(1) Where no objection is made under section 21 of this Act to a provisional water supply order, the order shall come into force thirty-seven days after the day on which the order was made. (2) Where a provisional water supply order is confirmed without amendment on an objection under section 21 of this Act, the order shall come into force on the day on which it is confirmed. (3) Where a provisional water supply order is confirmed with amendments on an objection under section 21 of this Act, the order as so amended shall come into force on the day on which it is confirmed. Portion of system of pipes to be made by sanitary authority. 23.—(1) In this section the word “system” means a system of pipes for the connection of a building or buildings with a public water supply or with an existing pipe, itself connected with a public water supply. (2) Where a water supply order requires the making of a system passing through land of which the owner is not an owner of a building to which the order relates, the sanitary authority who made the order shall themselves make so much of the system as lies within that land. (3) Where a water supply order requires the making of a system for one building only and the total length of the pipes in the system exceeds one hundred feet, the sanitary authority shall themselves make every portion of the system which is more than one hundred feet (measured along the system) from that building. (4) Where a water supply order requires the making of a system for two or more buildings and the total length of the pipes in the system exceeds one hundred feet multiplied by the number of such buildings, the sanitary authority who made the order shall themselves make the portion of the system equal in length (measured along the system) to such excess and nearest to the supply or pipe to which the system is connected. (5) Any doubt, dispute or question which may arise as to the portion of a system to be made by a sanitary authority pursuant to subsection (4) of this section shall be decided by the Minister and his decision shall be final. (6) For the purpose of laying any pipe under this section, a sanitary authority shall have the powers mentioned in section 18 of the Act of 1878, as applied by section 64 of that Act, as if the pipe were a water main and, on exercising any such power, shall be liable to pay such (if any) compensation as if the power had been exercised under that section. Making of system of pipes by sanitary authority. 24.—(1) Where— (a) a water supply order specifies a period for the making of the system of pipes required thereby, and (b) on the expiration of that period, such system (other than any portion to be made under section 23 of this Act) has not been begun, or if begun, has not been completed, the sanitary authority who made the order may themselves make or complete (as may be appropriate) such system. (2) Any officer, servant or agent of a sanitary authority may, for the purposes of the making or completion under this section on any land of any system required by a water supply order made by the authority, enter on such land and there do all things reasonably necessary for the making or completion thereof. (3) Any person who wilfully obstructs an officer, servant or agent of a sanitary authority in the lawful exercise of any power conferred by subsection (2) of this section shall be guilty of an offence under this section and shall be liable on summary conviction thereof to a fine not exceeding twenty-five pounds and, in the case of a continuing offence, to a further fine not exceeding five pounds for every day on which the offence is continued. Payment to sanitary authority of their expenses in making system of pipes. 25.—(1) Where a water supply order relates only to one building or only to two or more buildings having the same owner, the owner of the building or buildings shall, subject to subsection (3) of this section, pay to the sanitary authority who made the order the amount of any expenses incurred by them in the making of the whole or any part of the system of pipes required by the order. (2) Where a water supply order relates to two or more separate buildings not having the same owner, the sanitary authority who made the order shall, subject to subsection (3) of this section, apportion any expenses incurred by them in making the whole or any part of the system of pipes required by the order between the owners of the buildings and the following provisions shall have effect in connection with the apportionment: (a) the authority shall, within seven days after the day on which they make the apportionment, serve notice thereof on every such owner, (b) any such owner may object to the apportionment by giving notice in that behalf to the Minister within twenty-one days after the apportionment was made and the notice shall be in writing and shall contain a statement of the grounds of such objection, (c) on such notice of objection being given, the Minister, after consideration of the objection and after consultation with the authority, shall either confirm the apportionment or make a new apportionment, (d) where no objection is made under paragraph (b) of this subsection to the apportionment made by the authority or where, on an objection under that paragraph, that apportionment is confirmed, the amount apportioned to each such owner by that apportionment shall be paid by him to the authority, (e) where, on an objection under paragraph (b) of this subsection to the apportionment made by the authority, a new apportionment is made, the amount apportioned to each such owner by the new apportionment shall be paid by him to the authority. (3) Where a portion of the system of pipes required by a water supply order has been made by virtue of subsection (3) or subsection (4) of section 23 of this Act by the sanitary authority who made the order, the expenses incurred by the authority in the making of such portion shall not be included in the expenses to be paid to or apportioned by the authority under this section. (4) Any doubt, dispute or question which arises as to the amount of the expenses which are to be paid to or apportioned by a sanitary authority under this section shall be decided by the Minister and his decision shall be final. (5) An amount payable to a sanitary authority under this section— (a) may, without prejudice to the application of section 255 of the Act of 1878, be recovered by the authority as a simple contract debt in any court of competent jurisdiction, or (b) may be declared by the authority to be private improvement expenses under the Acts, and may be recovered accordingly. Contribution to private water supplies. 26.—Where the sanitary authority having jurisdiction in any particular area have not provided a public water supply in the area or have provided a public water supply in the area which is in sufficient to meet wholly the needs of the inhabitants of the area, the sanitary authority, with the consent of the Minister, may, in lieu of providing a public water supply in the area or improving the existing public water supply therein (as the case may be), themselves expend money, or make a grant of money to any person, for the purpose of the provision, improvement or maintenance of any water supply other than a public water supply. Taking of samples of water. 27.—(1) A sanitary authority may take samples of water from any water supply (whether public or private) serving any inhabitants of their sanitary district for the purpose of the analysis of such samples. (2) Where on analysis of samples of water taken by a sanitary authority under this section from a water supply, it is found that the water is unfit for human consumption, the sanitary authority shall take all reasonable steps to warn users of the water supply that the water therefrom is unfit for human consumption. (3) Any officer, servant or agent of a sanitary authority may enter on any land for the purposes of this section. Repairs to water pipes. 28.—(1) Where any building in a sanitary district is connected to a public water supply by means of a pipe passing through land of which the owner is not the owner of the building, the sanitary authority of that district may, on the request of the owner of the building, carry out on such land any necessary repairs of such pipe and for that purpose any officer, servant or agent of the sanitary authority may, after seven days' notice in writing to the owner of such land, or in case of emergency without notice or after shorter notice, enter on such land and there do all things reasonably necessary for the purpose of the repair. (2) Any expenses incurred by a sanitary authority under this section at the request of the owner of a building shall be repaid to the authority by such owner. (3) An amount payable to a sanitary authority under this section— (a) may be recovered by the authority as a simple contract debt in any court of competent jurisdiction, or (b) may be declared by the authority to be private improvement expenses under the Acts, and may be recovered accordingly. Charges by sanitary authority for supplying water. 29.—(1) The Minister may, on the application of a sanitary authority, by order— (a) modify the provisions of any enactment regulating the charges to be made by such sanitary authority for supplying water either within or without its district or to another sanitary authority and may make provision for the modification of any enactment consequential on or supplemental to such provisions; (b) modify the provisions of any award or agreement which determines the price to be charged by a sanitary authority for the supply of water either within or without its district or to another sanitary authority. (2) Every order in force at the commencement of this section and made under the Statutory Undertakers (Temporary Increase of Charges) Act, 1918, modifying any statutory provisions regulating the charges to be made for the supply of water shall be deemed to have been made under this section and shall continue in force and have effect accordingly. (3) Before making an order under this section, or amending or revoking any such order or any order deemed to have been made under this section, the Minister may, if he thinks fit, cause a local inquiry to be held. PART IV. Temporary Dwellings and Use of Land for Camping. Bye-laws in respect of use of temporary dwellings. 30.—(1) A sanitary authority may make bye-laws regulating the use of temporary dwellings in their sanitary district and the bye-laws may, in particular, provide for all or any of the matters mentioned in the Second Schedule to this Act. (2) Bye-laws under this section may make provision in respect of the use in coastal waters adjoining a sanitary district of vessels which are used primarily for human habitation as if the coastal waters were inland waters in the sanitary district. (3) Where any coastal waters adjoin two or more sanitary districts, the Minister may by order provide that, for the purposes of subsection (2) of this section, the whole or a specified part of the coastal waters shall be regarded as adjoining any one of the sanitary districts and no other, and the said subsection (2) shall have effect accordingly. Prohibition by sanitary authority of temporary dwellings. 31.—(1) A sanitary authority may by order prohibit the erection or retention of temporary dwellings on any land or water in their sanitary district if they are of opinion that such erection or retention would be prejudicial to public health or the amenities of the locality or would interfere to an unreasonable extent with traffic on any road. (2) A prohibition under this section may relate either to specified land or water or all land or water of a specified class and, in particular, may relate to all land or water within a specified distance of the centre line of any road or a specified road. (3) Where a person is aggrieved by an order under this section— (a) such person may, within fourteen days after a copy of the order is published pursuant to subsection (9) of this section, send to the Minister an application in writing (which shall include a statement of the reasons therefor) for the annulment of the order, (b) the Minister, after consideration of the application and such representations in regard thereto as the sanitary authority concerned may think fit to make, may either annul the order, confirm the order without variation or confirm the order with variations by way of reduction of the land or water to which it relates. (4) A person who erects or retains a temporary dwelling in contravention of an order in force under this section shall be guilty of an offence under this section and shall be liable on summary conviction thereof to a fine not exceeding twenty-five pounds and, in the case of a continuing offence, to a further fine not exceeding five pounds for each day on which the offence is continued. (5) Where a person is convicted on a second or subsequent occasion of an offence under this section in relation to the same temporary dwelling, the Court may, in addition to or in lieu of imposing a fine, order the forfeiture of the temporary dwelling to the sanitary authority concerned and thereupon that authority may take possession of the temporary dwelling and dispose of it by sale, destruction or otherwise as they think fit. (6) A prohibition under this section may be made in respect of the retention in coastal waters adjoining a sanitary district of vessels which are used primarily for human habitation as if the coastal waters were inland waters in the sanitary district. (7) Where any coastal waters adjoin two or more sanitary districts, the Minister may by order provide that, for the purposes of subsection (6) of this section, the whole or a specified part of the coastal waters shall be regarded as adjoining any one of the sanitary districts and no other, and the said subsection (6) shall have effect accordingly. (8) An order under this section shall come into force— (a) if no application is made for the annulment of the order—thirty days after a copy of the order is published pursuant to subsection (9) of this section, and (b) if an application is made for the annulment of the order and the order is not annulled thereon—fourteen days after the determination of the application. (9) Where a sanitary authority make an order under this section, they shall, within fourteen days after the order is made, cause to be published, in a daily newspaper circulating in their sanitary district, a copy of the order and a statement of the right conferred by this section to apply for the annulment of the order. (10) Where an order under this section has come into force, the sanitary authority who made the order shall, within fourteen days after the order has come into force, cause to be published, in a daily newspaper circulating in their sanitary district, a copy of the order (as made by the sanitary authority or as confirmed by the Minister, whichever is appropriate) and a statement that it has come into force. Nuisances in relation to temporary dwellings. 32.—(1) If a temporary dwelling is in such a state as to be a nuisance or injurious to health or if the use of a temporary dwelling, whether by reason of the absence of proper sanitary conveniences, overcrowding or other cause, gives rise to a nuisance or conditions injurious to health, the temporary dwelling shall be deemed to be a nuisance within the meaning of section 107 of the Act of 1878 and the provisions of that Act relating to nuisances shall apply accordingly and for that purpose the person in charge of the temporary dwelling shall be regarded as the occupier thereof. (2) Where a temporary dwelling is deemed pursuant to this section to be a nuisance, a notice requiring the abatement of the nuisance may, without prejudice to the liability of the person in charge of the dwelling, be served under section 110 of the Act of 1878 on the occupier of the site of the temporary dwelling and proceedings for the abatement of the nuisance may be taken against such occupier. Extension of powers of court in certain proceedings. 33.—(1) The powers of a court before which proceedings are brought in respect of— (a) a nuisance in relation to a temporary dwelling, or (b) a contravention in relation to a temporary dwelling or vessel in coastal waters of a bye-law made under this Part of this Act, shall include power to make an order prohibiting or restricting the erection or retention of the temporary dwelling or vessel at such places or within such area as may be specified in the order. (2) A person who contravenes an order made by virtue of this section, or who, being the occupier of land, permits such a contravention to take place on that land, shall be guilty of an offence under this section and shall be liable on summary conviction thereof to a fine not exceeding ten pounds and, in the case of a continuing offence, to a further fine not exceeding two pounds for each day on which the offence is continued. Use of land for camping. 34.—(1) This section shall come into operation as provided by the orders made under subsection (2) of this section. (2) The Minister may by order provide that this section shall come into operation in a specified sanitary district or part of a sanitary district on a specified day. (3) An order under subsection (2) of this section shall be published by the sanitary authority for the sanitary district to the whole or part of which the order relates in such manner as the Minister directs. (4) A sanitary authority may, if they so think fit, but subject to the provisions of subsection (5) of this section, grant to the occupier of land, being land within their sanitary district or the part thereof as respects which this section is in operation, or, with the consent of such occupier to a camping organisation a licence authorising the use during a specified period of twelve consecutive months of such land for camping. (5) Before granting a licence under this section in relation to land situated within an area to which Part IV of the Tourist Traffic Act, 1939 (No. 24 of 1939) applies, a sanitary authority shall consult with the Irish Tourist Board. (6) Where a licence is granted under this section by a sanitary authority in relation to land, the sanitary authority shall attach to the licence specified conditions with respect to all of the following matters: (a) the maximum number of temporary dwellings to be kept on the land at the same time, (b) the manner in which the land is to be laid out, (c) the nature, external appearance and size of the temporary dwellings to be kept on the land, (d) the space to be kept free between any two temporary dwellings on the land or between a temporary dwelling on the land and any other structure thereon, (e) the distance to be maintained between any temporary dwelling on the land and any public road, (f) water supply, (g) sanitary conveniences, (h) disposal of filth, refuse, litter or other débris, (i) means of ingress, egress and internal communication, (j) orderly and decent behaviour by the inhabitants of temporary dwellings on the land, (k) the securing of healthy conditions and the preserving of amenities, (l) the supervision of temporary dwellings on the land (including, where necessary in the opinion of the sanitary authority, the employment of a warden for that purpose), (m) the keeping and production for inspection by officers of the sanitary authority granting the licence of records with respect to temporary dwellings on the land. (7) A licence granted by a sanitary authority under this section shall come into force— (a) if no objection to such grant has been made under subsection (8) of this section during fifteen days after such grant—at the expiration of the said fifteen days, and (b) if an objection has been so made during the said fifteen days and such licence is not directed to be withdrawn—on the decision of such objection. (8) Any person who is aggrieved by— (a) the grant or refusal by a sanitary authority of a licence under this section, or (b) a condition attached by a sanitary authority to a licence under this section may object to such grant, refusal or condition by giving notice in that behalf to the Minister within fifteen days of the day on which notice was given by the sanitary authority to the applicant for the licence that the licence was granted or refused (as the case may be), and the notice shall be in writing and shall contain a statement of the grounds of such objection. (9) Where a notice of objection in relation to a grant of or a refusal to grant a licence under this section or to a condition attached to any such licence is given under this section, the Minister, after consideration of the objection and after consultation with the sanitary authority concerned, shall either reject the objection or direct the sanitary authority (who shall comply with such direction) to withdraw the licence granted or to grant the licence refused or to vary in a specified manner the condition objected to (as may be appropriate). (10) Subject to subsection (12) of this section, the occupier of land shall not use the land for camping, or permit it to be so used, on more than— (a) eighteen consecutive days, or (b) thirty-six days within a period of twelve consecutive months, unless a licence is in force under this section relating to the land. (11) Subject to subsection (12) of this section, the holder of a licence under this section shall comply with every condition attached to the licence. (12) Nothing in this section shall prohibit or restrict the use of land for camping— (a) if the land is agricultural land and the camping is carried on during the same seasons in each year by persons engaged in farming operations on the land, or (b) if the land is occupied in connection with a permanent dwelling situate on or in the vicinity of such land, and the camping is carried on by no persons other than the occupier of the permanent dwelling and members of his household. (13) A person who contravenes subsection (10) or (11) of this section shall be guilty of an offence under this section and shall be liable on summary conviction thereof to a fine not exceeding fifty pounds and, in the case of a continuing offence, to a further fine not exceeding five pounds for each day on which the contravention is continued. (14) For the purposes of this section, land (in this subsection referred to as the site) which is the site of a temporary dwelling and all land which is within one hundred yards of the site and of which the occupier is the occupier of the site shall be land used for camping. (15) Subsection (14) of this section shall not be construed as preventing the keeping of a temporary dwelling on a site which is on land to which a licence under this section relates and which is within one hundred yards of any boundary of that land. (16) For the purposes of this section— (a) the owner of land which is not let shall be deemed to be the occupier thereof; (b) if a temporary dwelling is removed from the site on which it stands, but within forty-eight hours is brought back to the same site or another site within one hundred yards thereof, then for the purpose of reckoning any such period of eighteen consecutive days as is mentioned in subsection (10) of this section, it shall be deemed not to have been removed; (c) the expression “camping organisation” means an organisation recognised by the Minister as a camping organisation. PART V. Baths, Washhouses, Bathing Places, Etc. Provision of public baths, etc. 35.—(1) A sanitary authority may provide and maintain— (a) public baths, (b) public swimming baths or public bathing places, (c) conveniences for bathers (including, in particular, dressing accommodation, sanitary conveniences, shower baths, first-aid equipment and refreshments), or (d) public washhouses, either within their sanitary district or, subject to subsection (3) of this section, outside their sanitary district but at a convenient distance therefrom. (2) Where a sanitary authority maintain a washhouse, they may provide thereat facilities for drying and ironing clothes and other articles. (3) A bath, swimming bath, bathing place, convenience or washhouse shall not be provided under this section by a sanitary authority in the sanitary district of another sanitary authority save either with the consent of the other sanitary authority or, where such consent is refused or is not given within three months of being sought, with the consent of the Minister. (4) Where a sanitary authority provide or maintain under this section outside their sanitary district a bath, swimming bath, bathing place, convenience or washhouse, they shall, for any purpose ancillary to such provision or maintenance, have the same powers (inclusive, in particular, of powers for the acquisition of land, the obtaining of water, the disposal of water or sewerage and the laying of water pipes and sewers) and shall be subject to the same restrictions as they would have and be subject to for that purpose if the bath, swimming bath, bathing place, convenience or washhouse were provided in their sanitary district. (5) A bath, swimming bath, bathing place, convenience for bathers, or washhouse which is at the commencement of this section maintained by a sanitary authority shall be deemed to have been provided under this section by that authority. Charges for use of public bath, etc. 36.—A sanitary authority may make, at their discretion, charges for the use of or admission to a bath, swimming bath, bathing place, convenience for bathers or washhouse maintained by them. Life-guards and life-saving equipment. 37.—(1) A sanitary authority may employ one or more than one life-guard at— (a) a bathing place or swimming bath maintained by them, or (b) a bathing place or swimming bath situate in their sanitary district to which the public are admitted free of charge and which is maintained neither by them, by any other sanitary authority nor by the commissioners of any town. (2) A sanitary authority may provide and maintain equipment and appliances for saving persons from drowning at— (a) a bathing place or swimming bath maintained by them, (b) a bathing place or swimming bath situate in their sanitary district to which the public are admitted free of charge and which is maintained neither by them, by any other sanitary authority nor by the commissioners of any town, or (c) any place situate in their sanitary district where they think those appliances are likely to be of use. (3) A person who wrongfully removes, interferes with or damages equipment or apparatus provided under this section shall be guilty of an offence under this section and shall be liable on summary conviction thereof to a fine not exceeding ten pounds or, at the discretion of the court, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one month or to both such fine and such imprisonment. Use of swimming baths and bathing places for entertainment. 38.—(1) Where a sanitary authority maintain a swimming bath or bathing place, they may use it exclusively, or permit, either gratuitously or on payment, its exclusive use, for swimming practices, swimming contests, galas, or other entertainments. (2) During the period between the 1st day of May and the 30th day of September in any year, a swimming bath or bathing place shall not be used or permitted to be used under this section for entertainments for a period exceeding twenty-one days or for a number of periods exceeding in the aggregate twenty-one days. (3) A sanitary authority may make or authorise the making of special charges for admission to or for the use of a swimming bath or bathing place while used or permitted to be used under this section for entertainments. Instruction in life saving. 39.—(1) A sanitary authority may arrange for the giving of instruction in swimming and saving persons from drowning. (2) A sanitary authority may, at their discretion, make a charge for any instruction given in pursuance of an arrangement made by them under this section. Contribution to certain societies. 40.—A sanitary authority may, with the consent of the Minister, contribute to the funds of a society having as or among its objects the saving of persons from drowning. Bye-laws in respect of public bathing. 41.—(1) A sanitary authority may make bye-laws for the regulation of public bathing within their sanitary district or in coastal waters adjoining their sanitary district, and the bye-laws may, in particular, provide for all or any of the matters mentioned in the Third Schedule to this Act. (2) Where any coastal waters adjoin two or more sanitary districts, the Minister may by order provide that, for the purposes of subsection (1) of this section, the whole or a specified part of the coastal waters shall be regarded as adjoining any one of the sanitary districts and no other, and the said subsection (1) shall have effect accordingly. Bye-laws for regulation of swimming baths and bathing places. 42.—(1) A sanitary authority may make bye-laws for the regulation of a swimming bath, bathing place or washhouse maintained by them, for the regulation of persons resorting to the swimming bath, bathing place or washhouse and for the exclusion therefrom of undesirable persons, and the bye-laws may empower any officer of the sanitary authority or any member of the Gárda Síochána to request any person contravening any of the bye-laws to leave the swimming bath, bathing place or washhouse and to remove him therefrom if he does not comply with such request. (2) A sanitary authority may make bye-laws for the regulation of a swimming bath or bathing place situate in their sanitary district to which the public are admitted free of charge or on payment of charges and which is maintained neither by them, by any other sanitary authority nor by the commissioners of any town, and the bye-laws may, in particular, provide for all or any of the matters menti …