Tribunals of Inquiry (Evidence) (Amendment) Act, 2002

What is this act about?

This law amends previous laws concerning Tribunals of Inquiry, primarily focusing on how these tribunals operate, their membership, and the handling of their reports, especially regarding potential prejudice to criminal proceedings. It introduces new provisions for the appointment of members and investigators, and clarifies rules around the publication of tribunal reports.

Who it applies to: Tribunals of Inquiry (binsí fiosrúcháin) agus a gcuid ball, lena n-áirítear cathaoirligh agus baill chúltaca; Daoine aonair a d'fhéadfadh a bheith ina gcosantóirí in imeachtaí coiriúla a bhaineann le hábhar tuarascála binse.

At a glance

Country: Ireland
Area of law: Criminal law
Articles: 12
Source: irishstatutebook.ie
Text retrieved: 2026-06-17
Explanation updated: 2026-07-07

What does this act regulate?

An cumas atá ag binsí an pobal a eisiamh ó imeachtaí, go háirithe má tá riosca ann go ndéanfar dochar d'imeachtaí coiriúla.
An próiseas chun tuarascálacha eatramhacha nó deiridh binsí a fhoilsiú, go háirithe má d'fhéadfadh sé dochar a dhéanamh d'imeachtaí coiriúla.
Comhdhéanamh agus athruithe ar bhallraíocht binsí, lena n-áirítear baill chúltaca agus an cumas leanúint ar aghaidh in ainneoin folúntas.
Ceapadh agus feidhmeanna imscrúdaitheoirí chun cabhrú le binsí ina gcuid fiosrúchán.

Who does this act apply to?

Tribunals of Inquiry (binsí fiosrúcháin) agus a gcuid ball, lena n-áirítear cathaoirligh agus baill chúltaca.
Daoine aonair a d'fhéadfadh a bheith ina gcosantóirí in imeachtaí coiriúla a bhaineann le hábhar tuarascála binse.

What are the key points?

Féadfaidh binse an pobal a eisiamh ó imeachtaí nuair a bhíonn riosca ann go ndéanfar dochar d'imeachtaí coiriúla.
Má mheasann duine go bhféadfadh foilsiú tuarascála binse dochar a dhéanamh d'imeachtaí coiriúla, féadfaidh sé iarratas a dhéanamh chuig an gCúirt chun treoracha a fháil maidir le foilsiú.
Féadfar duine amháin nó níos mó a cheapadh mar bhall nó mar bhaill de bhinse ag am ar bith tar éis an binse a cheapadh.
Féadfaidh binse imscrúdaitheoirí a cheapadh chun réamh-imscrúdú a dhéanamh ar aon ábhar atá ábhartha don fhiosrúchán, agus tá an chumhacht ag na himscrúdaitheoirí faisnéis nó doiciméid a éileamh ó dhaoine.

Criminal law

Criminal Justice (Location of Victims' Remains) Act, 1999

Criminal Justice (Public Order) Act 2011

Indemnity Act, 1923

Criminal Justice (Joint Investigation Teams) Act 2004

Criminal Justice (Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing) (Amendment) Act 2021

Fisheries and Foreshore (Amendment) Act, 1998

Criminal Justice (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2023

Criminal Justice (Terrorist Offences) (Amendment) Act 2015

Criminal law

Legal text

Contents (12)

Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
Section 9
Section 10
Section 11
Section 12

Tribunals of Inquiry (Evidence) (Amendment) Act, 2002 Skip to content Disclaimer Feedback Helpdesk Gaeilge Léim go dtí an t-ábhar Séanadh Aiseolas Deasc chabhrach English Gaeilge English Produced by the Office of the Attorney General Táirgthe ag Oifig an Ard-Aighne Home Legislation Acts of the Oireachtas Statutory Instruments Pre-1922 Legislation Constitution External Resources Bills (Houses of the Oireachtas) Iris Oifigiúil / Official Gazette Revised Acts (LRC) Classified List of Legislation (LRC) Translations (acts.ie) Translations (Houses of the Oireachtas) Government Publications for Sale EU Law (EUR-Lex) FAQ Disclaimer Feedback Helpdesk Search Baile Reachtaíocht Achtanna an Oireachtais Ionstraimí Reachtúla Reachtaíocht Réamh-1922 Bunreacht Acmhainní Seachtracha Billí (Tithe an Oireachtais) Iris Oifigiúil Achtanna Athbhreithnithe (CAD) (An Coimisiún um Athchóiriú an Dlí) Liosta Rangaithe Reachtaíochta Aistriúcháin (achtanna.ie) Aistriúcháin (Tithe an Oireachtais) Foilseacháin Rialtais ar Díol Dlí AE (EUR-Lex) CCanna (Ceisteanna Coitianta) Séanadh Aiseolas Deasc chabhrach Cuardach TitleTeideal Year(s) or rangeBliain nó blianta nó raon TypeCineál All Legislation Acts Statutory Instruments Advanced SearchCuardach Casta HomeBaile ActsAchtanna 2002 Tribunals of Inquiry (Evidence) (Amendment) Act, 2002 Tribunals of Inquiry (Evidence) (Amendment) Act, 2002 Permanent Page URL View by SectionAmharc de réir Ailt View Full ActAmharc ar an Acht Iomlán Bill History Stair Bille Commencement, Amendments, SIs made under the Act Tosach Feidhme, Leasuithe, IRí arna ndéanamh faoin Acht Open PDFOscail PDF Print Full ActPriontáil an tAcht Iomlán Number 7 of 2002 TRIBUNALS OF INQUIRY (EVIDENCE) (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2002 ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS Section

Section 1

Interpretation.

Section 2

Powers of tribunals as to exclusion of public.

Section 3

Publication of reports of tribunals.

Section 4

Membership of tribunals.

Section 5

Reserve members of tribunals.

Section 6

Investigators.

Section 7

Offences.

Section 8

Non-admissibility in criminal proceedings of evidence given to investigators.

Section 9

Amendment of section 1(2A) of Principal Act.

Section 10

Application of Act.

Section 11

Expenses.

Section 12

Short title and collective citation.

Acts Referred to Tribunals of Inquiry (Evidence) Act, 1921 1921, c. 7 Tribunals of Inquiry (Evidence) (Amendment) Act, 1979 1979, No. 3 Tribunals of Inquiry (Evidence) (Amendment) Act, 1997 1997, No. 42 Tribunals of Inquiry (Evidence) (Amendment) (No. 2) Act, 1998 1998, No. 18 Tribunals of Inquiry (Evidence) Acts, 1921 to 1998 Number 7 of 2002 TRIBUNALS OF INQUIRY (EVIDENCE) (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2002 AN ACT TO AMEND THE TRIBUNALS OF INQUIRY (EVIDENCE) ACTS, 1921 TO 1998. [27th March, 2002] BE IT ENACTED BY THE OIREACHTAS AS FOLLOWS:

Interpretation.

1.—(1) In this Act— “Act of 1979” means Tribunals of Inquiry (Evidence) (Amendment) Act, 1979 ; “Act of 1998” means Tribunals of Inquiry (Evidence) (Amendment) (No. 2) Act, 1998 ; “Court” means High Court; “investigator” means a person appointed by a tribunal in accordance with section 6 to be an investigator; “Principal Act” means Tribunals of Inquiry (Evidence) Act, 1921 ; “a tribunal” means a tribunal to which the Principal Act is applied under section 1 of that Act.

(2)In this Act— (a) a reference to a section is a reference to a section of this Act unless it is indicated that reference to some other enactment is intended, and (b) a reference to a subsection is a reference to the subsection of the provision in which the reference occurs unless it is indicated that reference to some other provision is intended.

Powers of tribunals as to exclusion of public.

2.—Section 2(a) of the Principal Act is amended by the insertion of “and, in particular, where there is a risk of prejudice to criminal proceedings” after “the evidence to be given”.

Publication of reports of tribunals.

3.—(1) If, on receipt by the person to whom a tribunal is required, by the instrument by which it is appointed or any instrument amending it, to report of an interim or the final report of the tribunal, that person considers that the publication of the report might prejudice any criminal proceedings, that person may apply to the Court for directions regarding the publication of the report.

(2)Before the Court determines an application under subsection (1), it shall direct that notice of it be given to— (a) the Attorney General, (b) the Director of Public Prosecutions, and (c) a person who is a defendant in criminal proceedings relating to an act or omission that— (i) is described or mentioned in the report concerned, or (ii) is related to any matter into which the tribunal concerned inquired and which is so described or mentioned, and the Court may receive submissions, and evidence tendered, by or on behalf of any such person.

(3)On an application under subsection (1) the Court may, if it considers that the publication of the report concerned might prejudice any criminal proceedings, direct that the report or a specified part of it be not published— (a) for a specified period, or (b) until the Court otherwise directs.

(4)An application under subsection (1) may be heard otherwise than in public if the Court considers that it is appropriate to do so.

Membership of tribunals.

4.—Section 2 of the Act of 1979 is amended by the addition of the following subsections: “(3) One or more persons may be appointed to be a member or members of a tribunal at any time after the tribunal is appointed.

(4)Subject to section 6 (as amended by section 3 of the Tribunals of Inquiry (Evidence) (Amendment) Act, 1997 ) of this Act, a decision or determination of a tribunal consisting of more than one member may be that of a majority of its members and, in the case of an equal division among its members as to the decision or determination to be made, the decision or determination shall be that of the chairperson of the tribunal.

(5)If the chairperson of a tribunal is for any reason unable to continue to act as such chairperson, another member of the tribunal may be designated as its chairperson, and the former chairperson may continue to be a member of the tribunal.

(6)An appointment under subsection (3), or a designation under subsection (5), of this section shall be made by an amendment under section 1A (inserted by section 1 of the Tribunals of Inquiry (Evidence) (Amendment) (No. 2) Act, 1998 ) of the Principal Act of the instrument by which the tribunal concerned was appointed, and may be so made notwithstanding the fact that the tribunal concerned, while consenting to or requesting the making of the appointment or designation, does not consent to the appointment or designation of the particular person.

(7)An appointment under subsection (3), or a designation under subsection (5), of this section shall not affect decisions, determinations or inquiries made or other actions taken by the tribunal concerned before such appointment or designation.

(8)A member of a tribunal who is unable to act as such member, whether temporarily or for the remainder of the tribunal's inquiry, shall be deemed for the duration of such inability not to be a member of the tribunal.

(9)A tribunal may act or continue to act notwithstanding one or more vacancies among its members if it is satisfied that the legal rights of any person affected by the proceedings of the tribunal would not be thereby unduly prejudiced.”.

Reserve members of tribunals.

5.—(1) One or more persons may be appointed to be a reserve member or members of a tribunal by— (a) the instrument by which the tribunal is appointed, or (b) an instrument amending that instrument.

(2)A reserve member of a tribunal may— (a) sit with the member or members of the tribunal during its proceedings and consider any oral evidence given, and examine any documents or things that are produced or sent in evidence, to the tribunal, and (b) be present at the deliberations of the tribunal, but may not otherwise participate in those proceedings or deliberations and may not seek to influence the tribunal in its decisions or determinations.

(3)If a member of a tribunal is for any reason unable to continue to act as such member, whether temporarily or for the remainder of the tribunal's inquiry, a reserve member of the tribunal may be appointed to be a member of it.

(4)An appointment under subsection (3) shall be deemed, other than for the purposes of subsection (5), to be operative from the date on which the person concerned was appointed to be a reserve member of the tribunal concerned or such later date as may be specified in the amendment under subsection (6) of the instrument by which the tribunal concerned was appointed giving effect to the appointment.

(5)An appointment under subsection (3) shall not affect decisions, determinations or inquiries made or other actions taken by the tribunal concerned before such appointment.

(6)An appointment under subsection (1)(b) or (3) shall be made by an amendment under section 1A (inserted by section 1 of the Act of 1998) of the Principal Act of the instrument by which the tribunal concerned was appointed, and may be so made notwithstanding the fact that the tribunal concerned, while consenting to or requesting the making of the appointment, does not consent to the appointment of the particular person.

Investigators.

6.—(1) A tribunal may, with the approval of— (a) the Government, if it was appointed by the Government, or (b) the Minister of the Government by whom it was appointed and the consent of the Minister for Finance, appoint such and so many persons to be investigators to perform the functions conferred on investigators by this section.

(2)The appointment of an investigator shall be for such term and subject to such other terms and conditions (including terms and conditions relating to remuneration and allowances for expenses) as the tribunal concerned may, with the approval of— (a) the Government, if it was appointed by the Government, or (b) the Minister of the Government by whom it was appointed and the consent of the Minister for Finance, determine.

(3)Whenever an investigator is so requested by the tribunal by which he or she was appointed, he or she shall, for the purpose of assisting it in the performance of its functions and subject to its direction and control, carry out a preliminary investigation of any matter material to the inquiry to which the tribunal relates.

(4)An investigator may, for the purposes of a preliminary investigation under subsection (3), require a person to— (a) give to him or her such information in the possession, power or control of the person as he or she may reasonably request, (b) send to him or her any documents or things in the possession, power or control of the person that he or she may reasonably request, or (c) attend before him or her and answer such questions as he or she may reasonably put to the person and produce any documents or things in the possession, power or control of the person that he or she may reasonably request, and the person shall comply with the requirement.

(5)An investigator may examine a person mentioned in subsection (4) in relation to any information, documents or things mentioned in that subsection and may reduce the answers of the person to writing and require the person to sign the document containing them.

(6)Where a person mentioned in subsection (4) fails or refuses to comply with a requirement made to the person by an investigator under that subsection, the Court may, on application to it in a summary manner in that behalf made by the investigator with the consent of the tribunal concerned, order the person to comply with the requirement and make such other (if any) order as it considers necessary and just to enable the requirement to have full effect.

(7)A person to whom a requirement under subsection (4) is made shall be entitled to the same immunities and privileges as if he or she were a witness before the Court.

(8)An investigator shall not, without the consent of the tribunal by which he or she was appointed, disclose other than to that tribunal any information, documents or things obtained by him or her in the performance of his or her functions under this section.

(9)An investigator shall be furnished with a warrant of appointment and when performing a function under this section shall, if so requested by a person affected, produce the warrant or a copy of it to the person.

Offences.

7.—(1) A person who, without reasonable cause, by act or omission obstructs or hinders an investigator in the performance of his or her functions under section 6 , or fails or refuses to comply with a requirement made to the person under subsection (4) of that section, shall be guilty of an offence.

(2)A prosecution for an offence under this section may be brought only by or with the consent of the Director of Public Prosecutions.

(3)A person guilty of an offence under this section shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding €3,000 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or both.

Non-admissibility in criminal proceedings of evidence given to investigators.

8.—A statement or admission made by a person before an investigator shall not be admissible as evidence against the person in any criminal proceedings.

Amendment of section 1(2A) of Principal Act.

9.—(1) Subsection (2A) (inserted by section 3 of the Act of 1979) of section 1 of the Principal Act is amended by the substitution— (a) in paragraph (a), of “€300,000” for “£10,000”, and (b) in paragraph (b), of “€3,000” for “£500”.

(2)Subsection (1) shall apply in respect of offences committed after the passing of this Act irrespective of whether the tribunal concerned was appointed before or after such passing.

Application of Act.

10.—(1) Subject to section 9

(2)and subsections (2) and (3), this Act shall apply to tribunals appointed after the passing of this Act.

(2)Sections 4 and 5 shall apply to tribunals appointed before or after the passing of this Act.

(3)

Section 6

shall not apply to a tribunal appointed before the passing of this Act unless such application is provided for by an amendment under section 1A (inserted by section 1 of the Act of 1998) of the Principal Act of the instrument by which the tribunal was appointed.

Expenses.

11.—(1) Any expenses incurred by the Minister for Finance in the administration of this Act shall be paid out of moneys provided by the Oireachtas.

(2)Any expenses incurred by any other Minister of the Government in the administration of this Act shall, to such extent as may be sanctioned by the Minister for Finance, be paid out of moneys provided by the Oireachtas.

Short title and collective citation.

12.—(1) This Act may be cited as the Tribunals of Inquiry (Evidence) (Amendment) Act, 2002.

(2)The Tribunals of Inquiry (Evidence) Acts, 1921 to 1998, and this Act may be cited together as the Tribunals of Inquiry (Evidence) Acts, 1921 to 2002.

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