GERECHTSHOF AMSTERDAM afdeling civiel recht en belastingrecht, team I zaaknummer : 200.274.868/01 zaak- en rolnummer rechtbank Amsterdam : C/13/656365 / HA ZA 18-1101 arrest van de meervoudige burgerlijke kamer van 30 maart 2021 inzake 1de rechtspersoon naar buitenlands recht [X] SOFTWARE USA INC, gevestigd te [vestigingsplaats] (Verenigde Staten van Amerika), 2. [X] SOFTWARE B.V., gevestigd te [vestigingsplaats] , appellanten, advocaat: mr. J.A.M. van Oers te Amsterdam, tegen de rechtspersoon naar buitenlands recht [Y] LLC, gevestigd te [vestigingsplaats] (Verenigde Staten van Amerika), geïntimeerde, niet verschenen. Partijen worden hierna [X] c.s. (in vrouwelijk enkelvoud) en [Y] genoemd. Appellanten worden afzonderlijk [X] USA en [X] B.V. genoemd. 1De zaak in het kort [X] c.s. beoogt dat [Y] de licentieovereenkomst nakomt die [Y] met haar heeft gesloten. [Y] stelt dat de vordering van [X] c.s. niet toewijsbaar is omdat de overeenkomst is ontbonden en [Y] daarom van haar verplichtingen uit de overeenkomst is bevrijd. De rechtbank heeft dat verweer bij vonnis van 23 oktober 2019 gehonoreerd. [X] c.s. is het daar niet mee eens. 2Het geding in hoger beroep [X] c.s. is bij dagvaardingen van 21 en 23 januari 2020 in hoger beroep gekomen van genoemd vonnis, door de rechtbank Amsterdam onder bovenvermeld zaak- en rolnummer gewezen tussen [X] c.s. als eiseres en [Y] als gedaagde. Tegen [Y] is op de rol van 3 maart 2020 verstek verleend. [X] c.s. heeft daarna een memorie van grieven, met producties, ingediend. Ten slotte heeft [X] c.s. arrest gevraagd. [X] c.s. heeft geconcludeerd dat het hof het bestreden vonnis zal vernietigen en – uitvoerbaar bij voorraad – alsnog haar vorderingen zal toewijzen, met veroordeling van [Y] in de kosten van het geding in beide instanties, met inbegrip van de kosten van de (partij)deskundige van [X] c.s., met nakosten en rente. [X] c.s. heeft in hoger beroep bewijs van haar stellingen aangeboden. 3Feiten De rechtbank heeft in het bestreden vonnis onder 2.1 tot en met 2.19 de feiten vastgesteld die zij tot uitgangspunt heeft genomen. Enkele van die feiten zijn in hoger beroep in geschil. Daarmee heeft het hof rekening gehouden bij de weergave van de vaststaande feiten. Samengevat en waar nodig aangevuld met andere feiten die volgen uit niet weersproken stellingen van partijen, dan wel de niet (voldoende ) bestreden inhoud van producties waarnaar zij ter onderbouwing van hun stellingen verwijzen, komen de feiten neer op het volgende. 3.1. [X] c.s. is een onderneming die zich bezighoudt met het ontwikkelen, produceren en uitgeven van software voor gebruik in de media. [X] c.s. heeft een systeem ontwikkeld, genaamd [merknaam 1] Traffic Software, dat onder meer zorgdraagt voor de boeking, planning en facturering van reclame voor radiozenders (hierna: de software). [X] USA is een dochtervennootschap van [X] B.V. 3.2. [Y] is eigenaar van en exploiteert radiostations in de staat [naam staat] in de Verenigde Staten. [Y] heeft de wens een centrale database in te richten van waaruit de afspeellijst van alle reclamespots voor de radiostations kan worden beheerd. 3.3. [President X USA] , president van [X] USA, heeft de software, het gebruik en de implementatie daarvan aan [Y] gepresenteerd. Tijdens deze presentatie is de [X] Software System Recommendation overgelegd aan [Y] . Hierin staat onder meer het volgende vermeld: “(…) ‘We offer the perfect blend of an “out of the box” solution that fits many organizations quite well and the option to customize certain aspects of the solution to meet your team’s unique needs. (…)” 3.4. Op 1 november 2017 is een licentieovereenkomst (hierna: de overeenkomst) gesloten op basis waarvan [Y] gebruik kan gaan maken van de software. De door [President X USA] en [President Y] , president van [Y] , ondertekende overeenkomst is gesloten voor de duur van vijf jaar. In de overeenkomst staat – voor zover van belang – het volgende vermeld: “(…) [X] Software BV agrees to license the use of the software below, according to the conditions set forth in the attached terms and conditions. (…)” 3.5. Op de overeenkomst zijn de License Agreement [merknaam 1] software (hierna: de algemene voorwaarden) van toepassing. De algemene voorwaarden zijn eveneens door [President X USA] en [President Y] ondertekend. In de algemene voorwaarden staat – voor zover van belang – het volgende vermeld: “(…) 11.3 This agreement shall be construed in accordance with Dutch law and any dispute shall be subject to the sole jurisdiction of the courts of Amsterdam to whose jurisdiction the parties irrevocably submit, except that the Licensor shall also be entitled to take such action as it thinks fit to protect its rights in the software and any modification thereto in any part of the world. (…)” 3.6. [X] c.s. is gestart met de benodigde werkzaamheden met de intentie om de software per 1 januari 2018 ‘live’ te zetten, inhoudende dat de software in het systeem van [Y] is geïmplementeerd en door [Y] kan worden gebruikt. Deze startdatum is in overleg en met instemming van partijen meermaals verschoven. 3.7. Op 24 november 2017 heeft [X] USA voor de eenmalige installatiekosten het voorschotbedrag van 20 procent van USD 13.200,00 gefactureerd, zijnde een bedrag van USD 2.640,00. 3.8. Op 18 december 2017 heeft [President Y] in een e-mailbericht aan [President X USA] als volgt haar zorgen geuit over de implementatie van de software: “(…) We are worried that we have not been able to get the system up and running to generate logs and test the system with our [merknaam 2] playback systems…..nor have we seen the log reconciliation process…. In today’s sales training [persoon A] had about thirty orders in the system that [persoon B] had inputed but when we did a search with [persoon A] ’s name only two orders came up. (…)” 3.9. In de periode nadien is ook regelmatig gecommuniceerd tussen [President X USA] en [President Y] over de problemen ten aanzien van de voortgang van de implementatie van de software. 3.10. Op 2 februari 2018 heeft [Y] [X] USA per e-mail bericht dat de software nog niet werkt en dat zij een beroep doet op haar opschortingsrecht betreffende de betaling van facturen. 3.11. In een e-mail van 9 februari 2018 heeft [Vice President of Finance Y] , Vice President of Finance van [Y] (hierna [Vice President of Finance Y] ), tegenover [X] haar frustratie geuit over de problemen waar zij bij de software tegenaan liep. 3.12. In een reactie op deze e-mail heeft [President X USA] zich bij e-mail van diezelfde datum tegenover [Vice President of Finance Y] verontschuldigd voor de gang van zaken. 3.13. Op 21 februari 2018 heeft [Y] de factuur van 24 november 2017 voldaan. 3.14. In een brief van 20 april 2018 heeft [Y] , voor zover van belang, het volgende aan [X] c.s. geschreven: “(…) For all of the above reasons and others that I have not mentioned, [Y] will not be moving forward with the [X] Software . [Y] has not used nor will we use the [X] Software in any of our stations nor does [Y] have any access to the [X] Software at this point in time. (…)” 3.15. Op 9 oktober 2018 heeft [President Y] de volgende verklaring afgelegd: My name is [President Y] and 1 am the President of [Y] , LLC. [X] Software USA Inc. contracted with [Y] to provide software for our radio stations. However, the software that [X] provided us contained so many flaws that we never could use the software for its intended purpose. The list below shows some of those critical flaws, as well as some of the functions that [X] promised us its software would perform, but never could perform, even after [X] 's multiple attempts to correct those flaws. 1. There were no confirmations in the Traffic system of the software. This is a critical flaw. 2. There were no product line or estimate line in Traffic. This is a critical flaw. 3. When orders were put through from the Quote system of the software to Traffic, there were computation issues. This is a critical flaw. 4. There were duplicate spots in breaks for no reason. This is a critical flaw. 5. There was no area in Quote to add revenue type. This is a critical flaw. 6. Quote did not have conflict codes, so our Traffic staff had to enter them in Traffic separately. This is a critical flaw. 7. Business Development Executives could still see all orders, should only see their own orders. This is a critical flaw. 8. We could not sort the system by Business Development Executive then by agency then by account. This is a critical flaw. 9. We were told the software would do credit card processing of payments for us. But then we were told this would not be possible. This is a critical flaw. 10. We were told when we saw the demo that the software would download data to QuickBooks, but then we were told this was not possible. This is a critical flaw. 11. We were told when we saw the demo that we could add finance charges to the invoices, but then we were told that would be added at a later date. This is a critical flaw. 12. There was no place to put an ISCI code. This is a critical flaw. 13. When we saw the demo, we were told we would be able to see a monthly forecast and budget by each account. That was not available. 14. When we saw the demo, we were told the system would allow for monthly forecast and budget for each account. That was not available. 15. The system had two confirmations in the Quote software. In the US we use one confirmation. If a Business Development Executive clicked the wrong box, the client would get the wrong confirmation. 16. Agency Commission wasn't automatically taken out when we chose agency. We had to go to a separate area double check that is was marked as agency. 17. In the beginning the confirmations the Quote software didn't have the normal details like addresses, return addresses or correct totals. 18. The few logs that we did finally get to look at were not in a format that we could use with our on air play back systems. 19. Electronic Invoicing for agency billing had not been set up. We had to provide the contact names with those companies. 20. We were never able to do a trail log because of all the other issues. We never had to delay any software implementation in our company history. We were on our third one with this project. [X] made many representations about the software that it never fulfilled. Even after months of repeated attempts to fix its software, [X] could not fix multiple critical flaws. 3.16. Op 9 oktober 2018 heeft [Vice President of Finance Y] de volgende verklaring afgelegd: My name is [Vice President of Finance Y] . I am the Vice President of Finance for [Y] , and I have been with the company for eleven years. l have done numerous transitions of software over the years. [X] ’s software contained many flaws and was not operational for us to use as our Traffic and Billing Software. On or about October 16, 2017, a group of [Y] 's employees, including myself, met with [President X USA] , President of [X] Software USA Inc., in [plaats] for a presentation on [X] Software . [President X USA] told us that [X] ’s software would be able to do a lot more than the software [Y] has used previously, such as credit card processing, integration into Quickbooks, and the ability to bill from one database from multiple locations. On or about November 7, 2017, [President X USA] introduced us by email to [Customer Service Representative 1] as our Customer Service Representative who would be training us on the [X] software . [Customer Service Representative 1] was in the Netherlands office with [eigenaar X B.V.] , owner of [X] Software B.V. [President X USA] and [eigenaar X B.V.] scheduled an evaluation meeting with a group of us in [plaats] on or about November 20-21, 2017. We spent several hours discussing how we ran [Y] , what our current system could do, and what we would like to be able to do with the [X] software once we implemented it. After that meeting, my colleagues and I spent hours sending [President X USA] and [eigenaar X B.V.] files so they had the parameters of what [Y] needed and wanted in a Workflow Evaluation. I do not believe [President X USA] and [eigenaar X B.V.] forwarded that information to our Customer Service Representative [Customer Service Representative 1] , because l had to spend a lot of time re-sending that information to her. We scheduled training for the week of December 11th from 9-l I a.m. each day with [Customer Service Representative 1] . We had two weeks of training and entered orders for advertisements. On or about December 12th, 2017, we were given our login information and finally able to see the [X] software for the first time. There were two components, Quote and Traffic. Quote was for the salespeople to enter orders. Traffic was to bring the orders over from Quote, work with the logs, and do billing. Beginning on or about December 27th, 2017, the [Y] Production team had training for a few days. [Y] ’s initial plan was to “go live" with the [X] software on January 1st, 2018. We were not able to do that because there were too many problems with the [X] software . [President X USA] asked for a meeting with [President Y] , President of [Y] , on or about January 4 to discuss the issues. [X] hired [Customer Service Representative 2] in Colorado on or about January 19, 2018 to replace [Customer Service Representative 1] as [Y] ’s new Customer Service Representative. I had previously worked with [Customer Service Representative 2] with Radio Traffic software for several years. When the [X] software was not adequate to “go live” on January 1st, the “go live” date was pushed back to February 1st. When the [X] software still was not ready to “go live” on February 1st, the “go live” date was pushed back to March 1st. [Y] had to keep going back into the orders and changing the dates in the system software each time the [X] software was not ready. After the [X] software still was not ready for the March 1st implementation, l told [President Y] that the software was not what [X] promised [Y] . [Y] had put in so many hours of work trying to make the [X] software work. I was dedicating more than half of my time trying to get [X] software implemented, and I was forced to inquire about hiring someone to help with my work load at [Y] . I showed [Y] 's Customer Service Representative [Customer Service Representative 2] specific instances of problems with the [X] software while we were online together, and she admitted, “You're right [Vice President of Finance Y] , that isn’t right. It shouldn't be that way.” Some of the things that were wrong with the [X] software were: 1. There were date and computation errors when moving orders from Quote to Traffic. 2. All of the salespeople could see all the orders even though [Y] specifically asked [X] at the first meeting to prevent this and [X] promised [Y] that the software would prevent it. 3. [X] promised [Y] that the [X] software would grant different levels of access to information for salespeople and management, but the software granted the same level of access for everyone. 4. [X] said the [X] software could process credit cards for [Y] but then said it could not. 5. [X] said its software would be able to integrate data directly between the [X] software and Quickbooks to save me the time of manually entering information. but the [X] software could not do this. 6. The Revenue Source, Revenue Type, and Conflict Codes had to be manually entered in the Traffic component of the [X] software instead of on the account in the Quote component. [X] promised that this would not be the case. 7. [Y] could not bill by location or station like [X] promised us we could at the first meeting. 8. [X] indicated to [Y] that it could meet all of our needs for different types of invoices. Using our current software, we have 13 invoices to choose from. We asked [X] for three types of invoices, but they tried to talk us out of it. 9. The first draft of the software’s invoice that [X] presented to us was unprofessional. I had to tell [X] basic information that needed to be on the invoice like return addresses, addresses, and that the money portion needed to be in dollars. I also had to design the print confirmations and statements. 10. Print confirmations were only available in the Quote component even though [X] led [Y] to believe the print confirmations would also be available in the Traffic component. Having the print confirmations only available in the Quote component is not realistic in the United States. 11. The ability to import orders from Strata was never shown to us even though [Y] requested it and [X] told us at the first meeting that it would be available. 12. Ability to re-print invoices in a batch in case of printer errors was not available even though [Y] requested it and [X] promised it. 13. The same customer was in the same break multiple times on the logs even though [X] promised [Y] this would not happen. 14. [X] used two types of print confirmations which would lead to computation errors if someone printed the wrong one. 15. [Y] was not able to do a sample log in the [X] system because there were too many errors before that step. 16. [X] promised [Y] that it could have signatures and notary by location, but then [X] told [Y] that the software could not do it. 17. [X] put a rate card in the system which messed up order entry, and [President Y] and l had to tell [X] multiple times to take it out before they finally did. These are just some of the problems we had with the [X] software . We have emails to document our trouble with the [X] software , and [President X USA] was aware of the many problems we had. After two of the "go live” dates were missed, [President X USA] said in an email, "My apologies to you. You should not be experiencing this level of frustration. I don't have an answer as to why these things are happening," and he went on to thank [Y] for our "infinite patience" for having to deal with all the software's problems that were not getting fixed. Please see his attached email. 3.17. Op 28 november 2018 heeft voorts [CIO Z Networks] , Chief Information Officer van [Z] Networks (een leverancier van [Y] ) een verklaring afgelegd. 3.18. [X] c.s. heeft [Y] facturen gestuurd voor de periodiek overeengekomen betalingen, waaronder factuur 1221 van 11 januari 2018 ten bedrage van USD 7.920,00 en factuur 1263 van 16 april 2018 ten bedrage van USD 7.920,00. [Y] heeft deze facturen onbetaald gelaten. 3.19. De software is niet (volledig) geïmplementeerd bij [Y] en is bij [Y] niet in gebruik. 3.20. [X] c.s. heeft nadat het vonnis waarvan beroep was gewezen Paul J. Blanding, Corporate Supervisor of Traffic operations bij Alpha Media USA (hierna: Blanding), als deskundige ingeschakeld. De ‘summary’ van zijn rapport luidt als volgt: “The conversion of [Y] to [X] Software , Inc.’s traffic suite seems to have had four overarching problems: 1) an accelerated conversion timeline, with the possible misunderstanding between parties as to the level of extra work and personnel involved to successfully change traffic systems; 2) an on-air automation software conversion in the customer’s market happening simultaneously with the traffic software conversion; 3) a mismatch in expectations or misunderstanding as to the collaboration needed to prepare [X] Software , Inc.’s software for the US market versus an “off-the shelf” traffic system especially a misunderstanding about the flexibility of report design and database field labeling in [X] Software , Inc.’s software versus actual functionality; and, 4) a mismatch in expectations or misunderstanding as to the (natural) phases of traffic system conversion, especially as it affects billing and financial functions, final report design and a refinement of best practices and workflows. In conclusion, in reviewing the documents provided to me, and through telephone interviews with [President X USA] , in the software conversion phases leading up to “Go Live,” it appears to me that [X] Software , Inc.Software did adhere to standard industry practices during the software conversion with [Y] . However, I make no attestation as to the veracity of any of the statements made by either party as to the actual events that occurred October 2018 through January 2019.” 4Beoordeling 4.1. [X] c.s. vordert – samengevat – dat de rechter, voor zover mogelijk uitvoerbaar bij voorraad, [Y] veroordeelt om alle verplichtingen uit hoofde van de tussen partijen gesloten overeenkomst onverkort na te komen, alsmede tot betaling aan [X] B.V. van (
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