GERECHTSHOF DEN HAAG Afdeling Civiel recht Zaaknummer : 200.163.303/01 Zaaknummer rechtbank : 3584119 RL EXPL 14-33797 arrest van 2 juni 2015 inzake [appellant], wonende te Brussel (België), appellant, hierna te noemen: [appellant], advocaat: mr.drs. I.M.C.A. Reinders Folmer te Amsterdam, tegen O3b Networks Management Services B.V., gevestigd te Den Haag, geïntimeerde, hierna te noemen: O3b, advocaat: mr. A.A. Camonier te Amsterdam. Het geding Bij exploot van 19 januari 2015 is [appellant] in hoger beroep gekomen van een door de rechtbank Den Haag, Team Kanton Den Haag tussen partijen gewezen vonnis in kort geding van 22 december 2014. In voormeld exploot met producties heeft [appellant] zeven grieven aangevoerd. Bij memorie van antwoord heeft O3b de grieven bestreden. Vervolgens hebben partijen op 19 februari 2015 de zaak doen bepleiten, [appellant] door mr. Q.M.F. Henselijn-Bosker, advocaat te Hilversum, en O3b door mr. A.A. Camonier, advocaat te Amsterdam, beiden aan de hand van overgelegde pleitnotities. Voorafgaand heeft [appellant] bij H12-formulier van 13 februari 2015 en bij H12-formulier en brief van 17 februari 2015 stukken aan het hof gestuurd. O3b heeft bij brief van 18 februari 2015 stukken aan het hof toegestuurd en daarnaast een brief van dezelfde datum zonder producties. Door een fout van de griffie van het hof zijn nog aanvullende brieven van [appellant] en O3b, beide van 18 februari 2015, niet in de behandeling betrokken. De zaak is vervolgens aangehouden tot 14 april 2015 om de mogelijkheid van mediation te onderzoeken. Ten slotte hebben partijen arrest gevraagd. Arrest wordt gewezen op het pleitdossier. Beoordeling van het hoger beroep 1. Het gaat in deze zaak om het volgende. 1.1. [appellant], geboren op 3 juni 1959, is op 4 juli 2011 in dienst getreden bij O3b. Laatstelijk vervult hij de functie van Tax Director, tegen een salaris van € 11.591,67 bruto per maand. 1.2. Kort na indiensttreding heeft [appellant] ruzie gekregen met collega [collega A]. Die ruzie is door bemiddeling van de HR-director, mevrouw [HR-director] (hierna: [HR-director]), bijgelegd. 1.3. Op 18 juli 2013 heeft collega en direct ondergeschikte [collega B] een klacht over [appellant] ingediend vanwege seksuele intimidatie. Op die grond heeft zij uiteindelijk de arbeidsovereenkomst met O3b opgezegd. O3b heeft onderzoek ingesteld naar deze klacht en de tegenklacht van [appellant]. Uitkomst van het onderzoek was dat beiden naar hun eigen gedrag/uitingen moesten kijken. [collega B] is dus niet volledig in het gelijk gesteld. O3b heeft [appellant] in verband met de achtergrond van de klacht - geparafraseerd: verkeerde omgang en communicatie met collega's - eerst mondeling en later schriftelijk gewaarschuwd: "However, as a line manager, we believe the burden is on you to ensure that there is no misinterpretation in your communication and that from the outset, where behavior and relationship lines are becoming blurred, you are expected to be the person who addresses the matter before it is at its failure point". 1.4. In het onderzoek naar de klacht van [collega B] is op 6 augustus 2013 aan [appellant] meegedeeld dat ook twee andere vrouwelijke collega's, [collega C] en [collega D], over beweerdelijk seksueel getint gedrag van hem hebben geklaagd. [appellant] heeft in november 2013 tegen deze collega's tegenklachten ingediend, en op 23 augustus 2014 opnieuw tegen [collega C]. [appellant] heeft al deze tegenklachten ingetrokken toen hem duidelijk werd dat genoemde collega's geen formele klacht tegen hem hadden ingediend. 1.5. In augustus 2013 is de eerder voor O3b als interim tax manager werkzame mevrouw [collega E], in dienst getreden bij O3b. Zij werd daarbij direct ondergeschikt aan [appellant]. De aan haar toegekende beloning was naar het oordeel van [appellant] te hoog in vergelijking met zijn eigen salaris. Hij voelde zich daardoor miskend, voor gek gezet en ernstig gefrustreerd. [appellant] heeft zich toen tot [HR-director] gewend met het verzoek zijn salaris te verhogen. Omdat hij van mening was dat aan zijn verzoek niet tijdig genoeg gevolg werd gegeven heeft [appellant] zich op 9 september 2014 beklaagd bij Steve Collar, CEO van O3b, onder meer als volgt: “ The main purpose of this e-mail is to communicate that it is above my mental endurance to operate under the present circumstances with the minimum perseverance, motivation, energy and enthusiasm required to run the O3b tax department, with all consequences with regard to quality of work and complying with tax deadlines. During the March 2014 board meeting we had to give very accurate and short notice answers to [collega A] with regard to a possible DBSA participation in the refinancing [….] [collega E] was not able to handle this issue and I had to take over the file from her. It is for me mentally unbearable to correct the work of someone earning more than me, at 10/11 pm while that person is at that moment looking television, washing dishes, etc. I experience this as a slap in my face. I spoke with [HR-director] and she tried to defend that the salary ratio was justifiable. I experience this as adding insult to injury. I have spoken with people in O3b, outside O3b and in SES and the comment is basically: extremely poor HR policy. I have spoken with [CFO] and he promised me to come up with a solution by the second half of next week (after he has received input from HR). However, experience teaches that decision processes in O3b are very slow. I would not be surprised if HR does not come up with something next week. In the meantime I have to manage and operate which I’m mentally not able to do as long as this is not sorted out. If a house is burning, it does not make sense to investigate which plan to follow to extinguish the fire, action is required. […] I do not expect you to address this issue to [HR-director]/[CFO] or to question this situation with them. I can expect some fierce reactions on this e-mail being qualified as betrayal, which ii tis not. I can be sabered. I just want to let you know what happens in O3b and explain why I’m mentally unable to upload myself to the minimum required level to operate and manage under the present circumstances at the present moment. Always look at the bright side of life although this is for me extremely difficult under the present circumstances.” 1.6. De kwestie van de beloning heeft ook tot ernstige spanningen geleid in de relatie tussen [appellant] en [collega E]. Dit heeft geleid tot een klacht van [collega E] over [appellant] in het weekeinde van 27 en 28 september 2014. Daarover heeft [collega E] op 30 september 2014 onder meer als volgt verklaard: "I felt that he was a very intelligent and spirited man and because of our mutual sense of humor, we clicked almost instantly. […] I can honestly say that the first year that I worked for O3b in an interim role, [appellant] and I got along like a house on fire. […] I have to say that an important factor in my decision to work for O3b was working with [appellant] . […] Days after the conclusion of my employment agreement, [appellant] became openly resentful towards O3b, because he thought that the difference between my salary and his was not big enough. Although I agreed with him, my situation became very difficult from that point onwards. Since [appellant] never let a day go by with reminding me how lucky I was and how unlucky he was in terms of salary within O3b, tension started between us. I tried to calm him down and comfort him, but it did not have the effect I hoped for. […] He started an argument with me over my weekly work from home day. He accused me if going behind his back, since I had agreed with HR that I would work from home on Wednesdays. […] The month of September 2014 I would describe as very very difficult. […] The most difficult incident was the fight he picked with me on Tuesday September 23, 2014 where he called me in for a meeting and starting accusing me of being a very low person for having laughed at him a week before in the Canteen and for having told him that things would be ok with his salary. When he first accused me I was speechless, him using the word low to me and the look of anger and distrust that he gave me were almost heartbreaking and very terrifying. I told him that I had not laughed at him, but that I laughed at a very funny remark that he made, which made [collega F] laugh as well. Also, I told him that I tried to cheer him up by saying that I believed he would get a raise in salary. He was not taking any of my defensive comments and I told him that our discussion was over. I left the office feeling angry and very unsettled. Later that night, I noticed that he tried calling me several times, his latest phone call on 23:05 hours to my home (private) number and sent me an email which I found very threatening. I refer to [appellant]'s email of Tuesday 23 September 2014 ordering to pick up my phone when he calls. After a brief consultation around midnight with my friends I decided to text him asking him to leave things be for a couple of days. I did this, as I feared that he would call me all night long. The days after September 23, 2014 I would describe as living in a nightmare, since I never knew if [appellant] would start fighting with me again and I received an email to my private email, dated 26 September 2014. Apparantly this email referred to my job interview with him around end of May 2013, where myself and the headlhunter were late. His reference to this, 16 months later made me very angry, an anger that I did not and could not show. In short, [appellant] was and is a terrific person, but I feel that he is very much burnt out by his job. Further, I doubt that the worked relationship between me and [appellant] could be repaired." 1.7. Daarnaast heeft [appellant] zich bij emailbericht van 22 september 2014 beklaagd over het functioneren van de heer [collega G] van het accounting department, en dan met name over het geven van opdrachten aan het tax department. Deze email is niet alleen gericht aan [collega G], maar ook aan de directe collega's van het tax department en de heer [CFO], CFO van O3b. Het emailbericht luidt onder meer als volgt: "To my knowledge [collega G] is not part of the O3b tax department. Nevertheless [collega G] apparently usurps the authority to dictate what the tax department has to do. […] If someone works for more than 3 years in a company heading the accounting department and does not know what the different O3b companies are doing, there must be something seriously wrong with that person. […] The time that the tax department has to spend to explain issues to someone who is apparently not competent to comply with his own tasks and to take up his own responsibilities, deprives the tax department from the so badly needed resources to focus on genuinely O3b tax issues. […] There is a difference between being collegial […] and having to be abused by someone who is apparently not able to take up his own responsibilities and to deal with his own tasks. The O3b tax department is not the puppet on the string to do someone's else tasks. Imposing the tax department to do your own work can only be qualified as sweat theft, i.e. stealing the result of the efforts and perseverance of others, very deplorable. I thank you for your understanding." 1.8. O3b heeft [appellant] op 30 september 2014 op non-actief gesteld. 1.9. O3b heeft een verzoek tot ontbinding van de arbeidsovereenkomst ingediend bij de Belgische rechter in de woonplaats van [appellant], zijnde Brussel. Op het moment van het wijzen van onderhavig arrest is de uitkomst van die procedure niet bekend. 1.10. In eerste aanleg heeft [appellant] van O3b gevorderd, samengevat en voor zover in hoger beroep nog van belang: (
AI-uitleg op basis van de officiële wettekst. Indicatief, vervangt geen juridisch advies.