ECLI:NL:RBSGR:2006:AY5160

Judgment DISTRICT COURT OF THE HAGUE CRIMINAL LAW SECTION THREE-JUDGE DIVISION (SENTENCE) Public Prosecutor's Office number 09/750001-05 The Hague, 07 June 2006 The District Court of The Hague, giving judgment in criminal proceedings, has delivered the following sentence in the criminal case of the public prosecutor against the defendant: [defendant] born in [place of birth] on [date of birth], with no permanent home or address known in this country, permanent address: [address], at present detained at the Penal Institution Haaglanden, Penitentiary Complex Scheveningen, Unit 2 in The Hague. 1. The court hearing. The hearing took place during the court sessions of 01 July 2005, 29 September 2005, 23 December 2005, 17 March 2006, 24 April 2006, 25 April 2006, 26 April 2006, 27 April 2006, 28 April 2006, 01 May 2006, 02 May 2006, 03 May 2006, 04 May 2006, 08 May 2006, 10 May 2006, 11 May 2006, 12 May 2006, 24 May 2006 and 07 June 2006. The defendant, represented by defense counselors, mr. I.N. Weski, mr. L.C. van Walree and mr. F.J.E. Hogewind, lawyers in Rotterdam, appeared in court and was examined at the hearing, with the exception of 24 May 2006. Based on the charges on the writ of summons under count 1A principle charge, 2A principle charge, 3A principle charge, 4 and 5, the public prosecutors mr. T. Polescuk and mr. J.J.A. Lucas demanded the defendant to be sentenced to a prison sentence of 20 years, less the period spent in pre-trial detention, and a fine of EUR 450,000.00, alternatively a prison sentence of 1 year, based on the charges on the writ of summons under counts 4 and 5. Furthermore, in accordance with the list of seized and not returned items that were seized from the defendant and numbered 1 through 54 - to be named hereafter seizure list, a copy of which has been included in this sentence - the public prosecutors demanded these items be returned to the defendant. The public prosecutors also announced their intention to commence proceedings in due time to demand for a confiscation order as referred to in article 36e of the Penal Code. 2. The indictment. After a further description of the indictment was given at the court hearing of 17 March 2006 - pursuant to article 314a of the Code of Criminal Procedure - the defendant was accused of the charges as mentioned below. COUNT 1A that he, at (one) (or more) points in time in or around 1 December 2000 through 1 March 2001, at least in the year 2000 and/or 2001, and/or (also) in or around the period from 1 January 2002 through 31 December 2002, in Gueckedou, at least in Guinea, together and in conjunction with (

1. an)other(
2. s)(each time) violated the laws and practices of war, while from that offense/those offenses (each time) death or severe bodily harm of (
3. an)other(
4. s)was to be feared and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved inhuman treatment and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved looting and/or while that offense/those offenses (each time) resulted in the death of (
5. an)other(
6. s)and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved rape and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) resulted in severe bodily harm of (
7. an)other(
8. s)and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved acts of violence with united forces against one (or more) person(
9. s)or acts of violence against a dead, sick or wounded person, which implies that he, the defendant, (
10. as)president of Oriental Timber Company and/or owner and/or director of Royal Timber Company, and/or (one or more) of his co-perpetrator(s), being Charles Taylor and/or [P1] (alias [alias P1]) and/or [P2] and/or [P3] and/or [P4] and/or [P5] and/or [P6] and/or [P7] and/or [P8] and/or (one or more) other(
11. s)(person(
12. s)who has/have remained unknown until the present) then and there (each time) contrary to international common law (in particular the common law ban on attacks carried out without making any distinction between soldiers or civilians) and/or torture and/or inhuman treatment and/or rape and/or looting and/or acts of violence with regard to (
13. a)civilian(
14. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or (
15. a)person(
16. s)who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause) and/or the stipulations set out in the article 130 of the Geneva Convention on the Treatment of Prisoners of War ("Third Geneva Convention" 1949) and/or the stipulations set out in the "common" article 3 of the Geneva Conventions dated August 12, 1949, as (
17. a)member(
18. s)of and/or participant(
19. s)to, at least belonging to, one of the combating parties in an (international or non-international) armed conflict on the territory of Liberia and/or Guinea (repeatedly) committed an attack on someone’s life and/or physical violence, at least mutilation and/or cruel (inhuman) treatment and/or torture and/or rape, and/or looting, with regard to (one) (or more) person(
20. s)who were (at that time) not (no longer) directly participating in the hostilities (being (
21. a)civilian(
22. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause), attack(
23. s)on someone’s life and/or physical violence, at least mutilation and/or cruel (inhuman) treatment and/or torture and/or rape and/or looting, which (among other matters) implied that the aforesaid member(s), at least the afore-mentioned person(s), together and in conjunction with others, (each time) deliberately, - by using AK 47's (Automat Kalashnikov 47) and/or RPG's (Ruchnoi Protivotankovye Granatamy, also referred to as Rocket Propelled Grenade or Russian Powerful Gun) and/or one or more GMG's (General Machine Gun) and/or mortars and/or other fire weapons, fired (at random) at the town of Gueckedou, without making any distinction between soldiers of civilians, while knowing that this (type
24. of)attack(
25. s)would cause excessive loss of human lives, injuries of civilians and/or damages to civilian targets and/or - aimed and/or fired at (one) (or more) civilian(
26. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause and/or - set fire to (
27. a)house(
28. s)where (one) (or more) civilian(
29. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause were still staying and/or - cut off the head(
30. s)of three, at least one or more civilian(
31. s)and/or (members) (
32. of)(the) personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause and/or (subsequently) threw (one) (or more) baby/babies against walls and/or threw (one) (or more) baby/babies into wells and/or - forced (one) (or more) civilian(
33. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause to gather in (one) (their) house(
34. s)and/or (subsequently) threw (
35. a)grenade(
36. s)inside as a consequence of which the afore-mentioned civilians and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause died and/or experienced (severe) bodily harm and/or - raped (
37. a)woman/women and/or (
38. a)child/children and/or - plundered possessions of (one) (or more) civilian(
39. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause and/or (
40. of)(members
41. of)the armed forces; (Article 8 Criminal Law in Wartime Act) alternatively, as far as the above might or could not lead to a conviction: that Charles Taylor and/or [P1] (alias [alias P1]) and/or [P2] and/or [P3] and/or [P4] and/or [P5] and/or [P6] and/or [P7] and/or [P8] (one or more) other(
42. s)(person(
43. s)who has/have remained unknown until the present) at (one) (or more) points in time in or around the period of 1 December 2000 through 1 March 2001, at least in the year 2000 and/or 2001, and/or (also) in or around the period from 1 January 2002 through 31 December 2002, in Gueckedou, at least in Guinea, together and in conjunction with (
44. an)other(s), at least alone (each time) violated the laws and practices of war, while from that offense/those offenses (each time) death or severe bodily harm of (
45. an)other(
46. s)was to be feared and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved inhuman treatment and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved looting and/or while that offense/those offenses (each time) resulted in the death of (
47. an)other(
48. s)and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved rape and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) resulted in severe bodily harm of (
49. an)other(
50. s)and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved acts of violence with united forces against one (or more) person(
51. s)or acts of violence against a dead, sick or wounded person, which implies that Charles Taylor and/or [P1] (alias [alias P1]) and/or [P2] and/or [P3] and/or [P4] and/or [P5] and/or [P6] and/or [P7] and/or [P8] (one or more) other(
52. s)(person(
53. s)who has/have remained unknown until the present) then and there (each time) contrary to international common law (in particular the common law ban on attacks carried out without making any distinction between soldiers or civilians) and/or torture and/or inhuman treatment and/or rape and/or looting and/or acts of violence with regard to (
54. a)civilian(
55. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or (
56. a)person(
57. s)who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause) and/or the stipulations set out in the article 130 of the Geneva Convention on the Treatment of Prisoners of War ("Third Geneva Convention" 1949) and/or the stipulations set out in the "common" article 3 of the Geneva Conventions dated August 12, 1949, as (
58. a)member(
59. s)of and/or participant(
60. s)to, at least belonging to, one of the combating parties in an (international or non-international) armed conflict on the territory of Liberia and/or Guinea (repeatedly) committed an attack on someone's life and/or physical violence, at least mutilation and/or cruel (inhuman) treatment and/or torture and/or rape, and/or looting, with regard to (one) (or more) person(
61. s)who were (at that time) not (no longer) directly participating in the hostilities (being (
62. a)civilian(
63. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause), attack(
64. s)on someone’s life and/or physical violence, at least mutilation and/or cruel (inhuman) treatment and/or torture and/or rape and/or looting, which (among other matters) implied that the aforesaid member(s), at least the afore-mentioned person(s), together and in conjunction with others, (each time) deliberately, - by using AK 47's (Automat Kalashnikov 47) and/or RPG's (Ruchnoi Protivotankovye Granatamy, also referred to as Rocket Propelled Grenade or Russian Powerful Gun) and/or one or more GMG's (General Machine Gun) and/or mortars and/or other fire weapons, fired (at random) at the town of Gueckedou, without making any distinction between soldiers of civilians, while knowing that this (type
65. of)attack(
66. s)would cause excessive loss of human lives, injuries of civilians and/or damages to civilian targets and/or - aimed and/or fired at (one) (or more) civilian(
67. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause and/or - set fire to (
68. a)house(
69. s)where (one) (or more) civilian(
70. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause were still staying and/or - cut off the head(
71. s)of three, at least one or more civilian(
72. s)and/or (members) (
73. of)(the) personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause and/or (subsequently) threw (one) (or more) baby/babies against walls and/or threw (one) (or more) baby/babies into wells and/or - forced (one) (or more) civilian(
74. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause to gather in (one) (their) house(
75. s)and/or (subsequently) threw (
76. a)grenade(
77. s)inside as a consequence of which the afore-mentioned civilians and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause died and/or experienced (severe) bodily harm and/or - raped (
78. a)woman/women and/or (
79. a)child/children and/or - plundered possessions of (one) (or more) civilian(
80. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause and/or (
81. of)(members
82. of)the armed forces, the above mentioned crime(
83. s)were deliberately abetted (each time) in or around the period from 1 January 1999 through 31 December 2002 in Buchanan and/or Monrovia and/or (
84. in)Lofa County and/or (elsewhere) in Liberia and/or in Gueckedou, at least in Guinea by the defendant, together or in conjunction with (
85. an)other(s), at least alone, by means of gifts and/or promises and/or abuse of authority and/or violence and/or threat and/or deception and/or by providing the occasion and/or means and/or information, which implies that he, the defendant, (
86. as)president of Oriental Timber Company and/or owner and/or director of Royal Timber Company, and/or his co-perpetrator(s), then and there (each time) intentionally - sold and/or supplied (a load
87. of)weapons, being one or more AK-47's (Automat Kalashnikov 47) and/or one or more RPG's (Ruchnoi Protivotankovye Granatamy, also referred to as Rocket Propelled Grenade or Russian Powerful Gun) and/or one or more GMG's (General Machine Gun) and/or ammunition that belonged to the above mentioned arms, and/or mortars to Charles Taylor and/or the government of Liberia and/or (its) armed forces, at least to armed forces active in Liberia, and/or - placed his/their (own) staff member(
88. s)employed by the companies Oriental Timber Company (OTC) and/or Royal Timber Company (RTC) at the disposal of the (armed) conflict and (subsequently) deliberately let them join in the fight with their (own) weapons and/or ammunition (being one or more AK-47’s and/or one or more RPG's and/or one or more GMG’s and/or one or more mortars) (obtained) from OTC and/or RTC, and/or - threatened to dismiss or suspend (indefinitely) his/their (own) staff member(
89. s)employed by the companies Oriental Timber Company (OTC) and/or Royal Timber Company (RTC) if this/these staff member(
90. s)refused to participate in the (armed) conflict and/or - placed one (or more) helicopter(
91. s)and/or (
92. a)truck(
93. s)and/or (
94. a)(pick-
95. up)truck(s), at least one or more vehicles, at the disposal of Charles Taylor and/or the government of Liberia and/or (its) armed forces, for the benefit of the transport of armed forces and/or weapons and/or ammunition and/or food and/or clothing and/or uniforms, at least goods for use by the (armed) conflict and/or combatants, and/or - placed a RTC camp, in any case a (meeting) place, at the disposal of Charles Taylor and/or the government of Liberia and/or (its) armed forces, at least to armed forces active in Liberia, and/or - supplied and/or gave money and/or cigarettes and/or marihuana, at least (
96. a)controlled drug(
97. s)to the members of the armed forces of Charles Taylor and/or (
98. of)(the government
99. of)Liberia and/or to the staff members of OTC and/or RTC who were put at their disposal for the purpose of the conflict, at least to the armed forces active in Liberia, and/or - given (
100. an)instruction(
101. s)and/or (
102. an)order(
103. s)with regard to the use of (heavy) weapons and/or battle methods to the members of the armed forces of Charles Taylor and/or (
104. of)(the government
105. of)Liberia and/or to the staff members of OTC and/or RTC who were put at their disposal for the purpose of the conflict, at least to the armed forces active in Liberia, which instruction(
106. s)or order(
107. s)implied (among other matters) that heavy weapons had to be used and/or that in the shortest possible time as much as possible should be destroyed (also expressed by the phrase "enter, destroy and escape") and or that nobody should be left alive (also expressed by the phrase "no baby on target") and/or to set fire to houses and/or to order the armed forces to plunder anything they wanted; (Article 8 Criminal Law in Wartime Act in conjunction with article 47 of the Penal Code) More alternatively, as far as the above might or could not lead to a conviction: that Charles Taylor and/or [P1] (alias [alias P1]) and/or [P2] and/or [P3] and/or [P4] and/or [P5] and/or [P6] and/or [P7] and/or [P8] (one or more) other(
108. s)(person(
109. s)who has/have remained unknown until the present) at (one) (or more) points in time in or around the period of 1 December 2000 through 1 March 2001, at least in the year 2000 and/or 2001, and/or (also) in or around the period from 1 January 2002 through 31 December 2002, in Gueckedou, at least in Guinea, together and in conjunction with (
110. an)other(s), at least alone (each time) violated the laws and practices of war, while from that offense/those offenses (each time) death or severe bodily harm of (
111. an)other(
112. s)was to be feared and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved inhuman treatment and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved looting and/or while that offense/those offenses (each time) resulted in the death of (
113. an)other(
114. s)and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved rape and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) resulted in severe bodily harm of (
115. an)other(
116. s)and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved acts of violence with united forces against one (or more) person(
117. s)or acts of violence against a dead, sick or wounded person, which implies that Charles Taylor and/or [P1] (alias [alias P1]) and/or [P2] and/or [P3] and/or [P4] and/or [P5] and/or [P6] and/or [P7] and/or [P8] (one or more) other(
118. s)(person(
119. s)who has/have remained unknown until the present) then and there (each time) contrary to international common law (in particular the common law ban on attacks carried out without making any distinction between soldiers or civilians) and/or torture and/or inhuman treatment and/or rape and/or looting and/or acts of violence with regard to (
120. a)civilian(
121. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or (
122. a)person(
123. s)who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause) and/or the stipulations set out in the article 130 of the Geneva Convention on the Treatment of Prisoners of War ("Third Geneva Convention" 1949) and/or the stipulations set out in the "common article 3 of the Geneva Conventions dated August 12, 1949, as (
124. a)member(
125. s)of and/or participant(
126. s)to, at least belonging to, one of the combating parties in an (international or non-international) armed conflict on the territory of Liberia and/or Guinea (repeatedly) committed an attack on someone's life and/or physical violence, at least mutilation and/or cruel (inhuman) treatment and/or torture and/or rape, and/or looting, with regard to (one) (or more) person(
127. s)who were (at that time) not (no longer) directly participating in the hostilities (being (
128. a)civilian(
129. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause), attack(
130. s)on someone’s life and/or physical violence, at least mutilation and/or cruel (inhuman) treatment and/or torture and/or rape and/or looting, which (among other matters) implied that the aforesaid member(s), at least the afore-mentioned person(s), together and in conjunction with others, (each time) deliberately, - by using AK 47's (Automat Kalashnikov 47) and/or RPG's (Ruchnoi Protivotankovye Granatamy, also referred to as Rocket Propelled Grenade or Russian Powerful Gun) and/or one or more GMG's (General Machine Gun) and/or mortars and/or other fire weapons, fired (at random) at the town of Gueckedou, without making any distinction between soldiers of civilians, while knowing that this (type
131. of)attack(
132. s)would cause excessive loss of human lives, injuries of civilians and/or damages to civilian targets and/or - aimed and/or fired at (one) (or more) civilian(
133. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause and/or - set fire to (
134. a)house(
135. s)where (one) (or more) civilian(
136. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause were still staying and/or - cut off the head(
137. s)of three, at least one or more civilian(
138. s)and/or (members) (
139. of)(the) personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause and/or (subsequently) threw (one) (or more) baby/babies against walls and/or threw (one) (or more) baby/babies into wells and/or - forced (one) (or more) civilian(
140. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause to gather in (one) (their) house(
141. s)and/or (subsequently) threw (
142. a)grenade(
143. s)inside as a consequence of which the afore-mentioned civilians and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause died and/or experienced (severe) bodily harm and/or - raped (
144. a)woman/women and/or (
145. a)child/children and/or - plundered possessions of (one) (or more) civilian(
146. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause and/or (
147. of)(members
148. of)the armed forces whereby the defendant, together and in conjunction with (
149. an)other(s), at least alone, in or around the period from 1 January 1999 through 31 December 2002 in Buchanan and/or Monrovia and/or (
150. in)Lofa County and/or (elsewhere) in Liberia and/or in Gueckedou, at least in Guinea, deliberately provided the occasion and/or means and/or information and/or then and there deliberately aided and abetted to commit that/those crime(
151. s)which implies that he, the defendant, (
152. as)president of Oriental Timber Company and/or owner and/or director of Royal Timber Company, and/or his co-perpetrator(s), then and there (each time) intentionally - sold or supplied (a load
153. of)weapons, being one or more AK-47's (Automat Kalashnikov 47) and/or one or more RPG's (Ruchnoi Protivotankovye Granatamy, also referred to as Rocket Propelled Grenade or Russian Powerful Gun) and/or one or more GMG's (General Machine Gun) and/or ammunition that belonged to the above mentioned arms, and/or mortars to Charles Taylor and/or the government of Liberia and/or (its) armed forces, at least to armed forces active in Liberia, and/or - placed his/their (own) staff member(
154. s)employed by the companies Oriental Timber Company (OTC) and/or Royal Timber Company (RTC) at the disposal of the (armed) conflict and (subsequently) deliberately let them join in the fight with their (own) weapons and/or ammunition (being one or more AK-47's and/or one or more RPG's and/or one or more GMG's and/or one or more mortars) (obtained) from OTC and/or RTC, and/or - threatened to dismiss or suspend (indefinitely) his/their (own) staff member(
155. s)employed by the companies Oriental Timber Company (OTC) and/or Royal Timber Company (RTC) if this/these staff member(
156. s)refused to participate in the (armed) conflict and/or - placed one (or more) helicopter(
157. s)and/or (
158. a)truck(
159. s)and/or (
160. a)(pick-
161. up)truck(s), at least one or more vehicles, at the disposal of Charles Taylor and/or the government of Liberia and/or (its) armed forces, for the benefit of the transport of armed forces and/or weapons and/or ammunition and/or food and/or clothing and/or uniforms, at least goods for use by the (armed) conflict and/or combatants, and/or - placed a RTC camp, in any case a (meeting) place, at the disposal of Charles Taylor and/or the government of Liberia and/or (its) armed forces, at least to armed forces active in Liberia, and/or - supplied and/or gave money and/or cigarettes and/or marihuana at least (
162. a)controlled drug(
163. s)to the members of the armed forces of Charles Taylor and/or (
164. of)(the government
165. of)Liberia and/or to the staff members of OTC and/or RTC who were put at their disposal for the purpose of the conflict, at least to the armed forces active in Liberia, and/or - given (
166. an)instruction(
167. s)and/or (
168. an)order(
169. s)with regard to the use of (heavy) weapons and/or battle methods to the members of the armed forces of Charles Taylor and/or (
170. of)(the government
171. of)Liberia and/or to the staff members of OTC and/or RTC who were put at their disposal for the purpose of the conflict, at least to the armed forces active in Liberia, which instruction(
172. s)or order(
173. s)implied (among other matters) that heavy weapons had to be used and/or that in the shortest possible time as much as possible should be destroyed (also expressed by the phrase "enter, destroy and escape") and or that nobody should be left alive (also expressed by the phrase "no baby on target") and/or to set fire to houses and/or to order the armed forces to plunder anything they wanted; (Article 8 Criminal Law in Wartime Act in conjunction with article 48 of the Penal Code) and/or COUNT 1B that [P1] (alias [alias P1]) and/or [P2] and/or [P3] and/or [P4] and/or [P5] and/or [P6] and/or [P7] and/or [P8] (one or more) other(
174. s)(person(
175. s)who has/have remained unknown until the present), being (among others) (
176. a)staff member(
177. s)of OTC and/or RTC, in each case (
178. a)person(
179. s)employed by and/or subordinate to the defendant, at (one) (or more) points in time in or around the period of 1 December 2000 through 1 March 2001, at least in the year 2000 and/or 2001, and/or (also) in or around the period from 1 January 2002 through 31 December 2002, in Gueckedou, at least in Guinea, together and in conjunction with (
180. an)other(s), at least alone (each time) violated the laws and practices of war, while from that offense/those offenses (each time) death or severe bodily harm of (
181. an)other(
182. s)was to be feared and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved inhuman treatment and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved looting and/or while that offense/those offenses (each time) resulted in the death of (
183. an)other(
184. s)and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved rape and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) resulted in severe bodily harm of (
185. an)other(
186. s)and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved acts of violence with united forces against one (or more) person(
187. s)or acts of violence against a dead, sick or wounded person, which implies that [P1] (alias [alias P1]) and/or [P2] and/or [P3] and/or [P4] and/or [P5] and/or [P6] and/or [P7] and/or [P8] (one or more) other(
188. s)(person(
189. s)who has/have remained unknown until the present), being (among others) (
190. a)staff member(
191. s)of OTC and/or RTC, in each case (
192. a)person(
193. s)employed by and/or subordinate to the defendant, then and there (each time) contrary to international common law (in particular the common law ban on attacks carried out without making any distinction between soldiers or civilians) and/or torture and/or inhuman treatment and/or rape and/or looting and/or acts of violence with regard to (
194. a)civilian(
195. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or (
196. a)person(
197. s)who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause) and/or the stipulations set out in the article 130 of the Geneva Convention on the Treatment of Prisoners of War ("Third Geneva Convention" 1949) and/or the stipulations set out in the "common" article 3 of the Geneva Conventions dated August 12, 1949, as (
198. a)member(
199. s)of and/or participant(
200. s)to, at least belonging to, one of the combating parties in an (international or non-international) armed conflict on the territory of Liberia and/or Guinea (repeatedly) committed an attack on someone's life and/or physical violence, at least mutilation and/or cruel (inhuman) treatment and/or torture and/or rape, and/or looting, with regard to (one) (or more) person(
201. s)who were (at that time) not (no longer) directly participating in the hostilities (being (
202. a)civilian(
203. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause), attack(
204. s)on someone's life and/or physical violence, at least mutilation and/or cruel (inhuman) treatment and/or torture and/or rape and/or looting, which (among other matters) implied that the aforesaid member(s), at least the afore-mentioned person(s), together and in conjunction with others, (each time) deliberately, - by using AK 47's (Automat Kalashnikov 47) and/or RPG's (Ruchnoi Protivotankovye Granatamy, also referred to as Rocket Propelled Grenade or Russian Powerful Gun) and/or one or more GMG's (General Machine Gun) and/or mortars and/or other fire weapons, fired (at random) at the town of Gueckedou, without making any distinction between soldiers of civilians, while knowing that this (type
205. of)attack(
206. s)would cause excessive loss of human lives, injuries of civilians and/or damages to civilian targets and/or - aimed and/or fired at (one) (or more) civilian(
207. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause and/or - set fire to (
208. a)house(
209. s)where (one) (or more) civilian(
210. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause were still staying and/or - cut off the head(
211. s)of three, at least one or more civilian(
212. s)and/or (members) (
213. of)(the) personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause and/or (subsequently) threw (one) (or more) baby/babies against walls and/or threw (one) (or more) baby/babies into wells and/or - forced (one) (or more) civilian(
214. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause to gather in (one) (their) house(
215. s)and/or (subsequently) threw (
216. a)grenade(
217. s)inside as a consequence of which the afore-mentioned civilians and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause died and/or experienced (severe) bodily harm and/or - raped (
218. a)woman/women and/or (
219. a)child/children and/or - plundered possessions of (one) (or more) civilian(
220. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause and/or (
221. of)(members
222. of)the armed forces, which implies that he, the defendant, (
223. as)president of Oriental Timber Company and/or owner and/or director of Royal Timber Company, in any case as executive of OTC and/or RTC, with regard to the above-mentioned attack(
224. s)on someone’s life and/or physical violence, at least mutilation and/or cruel (inhuman) treatment and/or torture and/or rape and/or looting, at (one) (or more) points in time in or around the period of 1 December 2000 through 1 March 2001, at least in the year 2000 and/or 2001, and/or (also) in or around the period from 1 January 2002 through 31 December 2002, in Buchanan and/or Monrovia and/or (
225. in)Lofa County and/or (elsewhere) in Liberia and/or in Gueckedou, at least in Guinea, repeatedly, at least one time (each time) intentionally allowed his subordinate(
226. s)to commit this/these attacks, namely that he, the defendant did not take any or did not take sufficient measures in order to avoid the attack(
227. s)on someone’s life and/or physical violence, at least mutilation and/or cruel (inhuman) treatment and/or torture and/or rape and/or looting, and/or to punish the subordinates who were responsible for the attacks; (Article 9 Criminal Law in Wartime Act) COUNT 2A that he, at (one) (or more) points in time in or around the year 2002, at least in the year 2001 and/or 2002, in Voinjama, at least in the neighborhood of Voinjama, at least in Lofa County, at least in Liberia, together and in conjunction with (
228. an)other(
229. s)(each time) violated the laws and practices of war, while from that offense/those offenses (each time) death or severe bodily harm of (
230. an)other(
231. s)was to be feared and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved inhuman treatment and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved looting and/or while that offense/those offenses (each time) resulted in the death of (
232. an)other(
233. s)and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved rape and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) resulted in severe bodily harm of (
234. an)other(
235. s)and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved acts of violence with united forces against one (or more) person(
236. s)or acts of violence against a dead, sick or wounded person, which implies that he, the defendant, (
237. as)president of Oriental Timber Company and/or owner and/or director of Royal Timber Company, and/or (one or more
238. of)his co-perpetrator(s), being Charles Taylor and/or [P1] (alias [alias P1]) and/or [P2] and/or [P3] and/or [P49] and/or (one or more) other(
239. s)(person(
240. s)who has/have remained unknown until the present), then and there (each time) contrary to international common law (in particular the common law ban on attacks carried out without making any distinction between soldiers or civilians) and/or torture and/or inhuman treatment and/or rape and/or looting and/or acts of violence with regard to (
241. a)civilian(
242. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or (
243. a)person(
244. s)who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause) and/or the stipulations set out in the "common" article 3 of the Geneva Conventions dated August 12, 1949, as (
245. a)member(
246. s)of and/or participant(
247. s)to, at least belonging to, one of the combating parties in a(
248. n)(non-international) armed conflict on the territory of Liberia (repeatedly) committed an attack on someone's life and/or physical violence, at least mutilation and/or cruel (inhuman) treatment and/or torture and/or rape, and/or looting, with regard to (one) (or more) person(
249. s)who were (at that time) not (no longer) directly participating in the hostilities (being (
250. a)civilian(
251. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause), attack(
252. s)on someone's life and/or physical violence, at least mutilation and/or cruel (inhuman) treatment and/or torture and/or rape and/or looting, which (among other matters) implied that the aforesaid member(s), at least the afore-mentioned person(s), together and in conjunction with others, (each time) deliberately, - aimed and/or fired at (one) (or more) civilian(
253. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause and/or as a consequence of which the afore-mentioned civilian(
254. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause died and/or experienced (severe) bodily harm and/or - raped (
255. a)woman/women and/or (
256. a)child/children and/or - (subsequently) plundered possessions of (one) (or more) civilian(
257. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause and/or (
258. of)(members
259. of)the armed forces; (Article 8 Criminal Law in Wartime Act) alternatively, as far as the above might or could not lead to a conviction: that Charles Taylor and/or [P1] (alias [alias P1]) and/or [P2] and/or [P3] and/or [P49] and/or (one or more) other(
260. s)(person(
261. s)who has/have remained unknown until the present), at (one) (or more) points in time in or around the year 2002, at least in the year 2001 and/or 2002, in Voinjama, at least in the neighborhood of Voinjama, at least in Lofa County, at least in Liberia, together and in conjunction with (
262. an)other(
263. s)(each time) violated the laws and practices of war, while from that offense/those offenses (each time) death or severe bodily harm of (
264. an)other(
265. s)was to be feared and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved inhuman treatment and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved looting and/or while that offense/those offenses (each time) resulted in the death of (
266. an)other(
267. s)and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved rape and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) resulted in severe bodily harm of (
268. an)other(
269. s)and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved acts of violence with united forces against one (or more) person(
270. s)or acts of violence against a dead, sick or wounded person, which implies that Charles Taylor and/or [P1] (alias [alias P1]) and/or [P2] and/or [P3] and/or [P49] and/or (one or more) other(
271. s)(person(
272. s)who has/have remained unknown until the present), then and there (each time) contrary to international common law (in particular the common law ban on attacks carried out without making any distinction between soldiers or civilians) and/or torture and/or inhuman treatment and/or rape and/or looting and/or acts of violence with regard to (
273. a)civilian(
274. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or (
275. a)person(
276. s)who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause) and/or the stipulations set out in the "common" article 3 of the Geneva Conventions dated August 12, 1949, as (
277. a)member(
278. s)of and/or participant(
279. s)to, at least belonging to, one of the combating parties in a(
280. n)(non-international) armed conflict on the territory of Liberia (repeatedly) committed an attack on someone's life and/or physical violence, at least mutilation and/or cruel (inhuman) treatment and/or torture and/or rape, and/or looting, with regard to (one) (or more) person(
281. s)who were (at that time) not (no longer) directly participating in the hostilities (being (
282. a)civilian(
283. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause), attack(
284. s)on someone's life and/or physical violence, at least mutilation and/or cruel (inhuman) treatment and/or torture and/or rape and/or looting, which (among other matters) implied that the aforesaid member(s), at least the afore-mentioned person(s), together and in conjunction with others, (each time) deliberately, - aimed and/or fired at (one) (or more) civilian(
285. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause and/or as a consequence of which the afore-mentioned civilian(
286. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause died and/or experienced (severe) bodily harm and/or - raped (
287. a)woman/women and/or (
288. a)child/children and/or - (subsequently) plundered possessions of (one) (or more) civilian(
289. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause and/or (
290. of)(members
291. of)the armed forces; the above mentioned crime(
292. s)were deliberately abetted (each time) in or around the period from 1 January 1999 through 31 December 2002 in Buchanan and/or Monrovia and/or Voinjama and/or (
293. in)Lofa County and/or (elsewhere) in Liberia by the defendant, together or in conjunction with (
294. an)other(s), at least alone, by means of gifts and/or promises and/or abuse of authority and/or violence and/or threat and/or deception and/or by providing the occasion and/or means and/or information, which implies that he, the defendant, (
295. as)president of Oriental Timber Company and/or owner and/or director of Royal Timber Company, and/or his co-perpetrator(s), then and there (each time) intentionally - sold or supplied (a load
296. of)weapons, being one or more AK-47's (Automat Kalashnikov 47) and/or one or more RPG's (Ruchnoi Protivotankovye Granatamy, also referred to as Rocket Propelled Grenade or Russian Powerful Gun) and/or one or more GMG's (General Machine Gun) and/or ammunition that belonged to the above mentioned arms, and/or mortars to Charles Taylor and/or the government of Liberia and/or (its) armed forces, at least to armed forces active in Liberia, and/or - placed his/their (own) staff member(
297. s)employed by the companies Oriental Timber Company (OTC) and/or Royal Timber Company (RTC) at the disposal of the (armed) conflict and (subsequently) deliberately let them join in the fight with their (own) weapons and/or ammunition (being one or more AK-47's and/or one or more RPG's and/or one or more GMG's and/or one or more mortars) (obtained) from OTC and/or RTC, and/or - threatened to dismiss or suspend (indefinitely) his/their (own) staff member(
298. s)employed by the companies Oriental Timber Company (OTC) and/or Royal Timber Company (RTC) if this/these staff member(
299. s)refused to participate in the (armed) conflict and/or - placed one (or more) helicopter(
300. s)and/or (
301. a)truck(
302. s)and/or (
303. a)(pick-
304. up)truck(s), at least one or more vehicles, at the disposal of Charles Taylor and/or the government of Liberia and/or (its) armed forces, for the benefit of the transport of armed forces and/or weapons and/or ammunition and/or food and/or clothing and/or uniforms, at least goods for use by the (armed) conflict and/or combatants, and/or - placed a RTC camp, in any case a (meeting) place, at the disposal of Charles Taylor and/or the government of Liberia and/or (its) armed forces, at least to armed forces active in Liberia, and/or - supplied and/or gave money and/or cigarettes and/or marihuana, at least (
305. a)controlled drug(
306. s)to the members of the armed forces of Charles Taylor and/or (
307. of)(the government
308. of)Liberia and/or to the staff members of OTC and/or RTC who were put at their disposal for the purpose of the conflict, at least to the armed forces active in Liberia, and/or - given (
309. an)instruction(
310. s)and/or (
311. an)order(
312. s)with regard to the use of (heavy) weapons and/or battle methods to the members of the armed forces of Charles Taylor and/or (
313. of)(the government
314. of)Liberia and/or to the staff members of OTC and/or RTC who were put at their disposal for the purpose of the conflict, at least to the armed forces active in Liberia (Article 8 Criminal Law in Wartime Act in conjunction with article 47 of the Penal Code) More alternatively, as far as the above might or could not lead to a conviction: that Charles Taylor and/or [P1] (alias [alias P1]) and/or [P2] and/or [P3] and/or [P49] and/or (one or more) other(
315. s)(person(
316. s)who has/have remained unknown until the present), at (one) (or more) points in time in or around the year 2002, at least in the year 2001 and/or 2002, in Voinjama, at least in the neighborhood of Voinjama, at least in Lofa County, at least in Liberia, together and in conjunction with (
317. an)other(
318. s)(each time) violated the laws and practices of war, while from that offense/those offenses (each time) death or severe bodily harm of (
319. an)other(
320. s)was to be feared and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved inhuman treatment and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved looting and/or while that offense/those offenses (each time) resulted in the death of (
321. an)other(
322. s)and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved rape and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) resulted in severe bodily harm of (
323. an)other(
324. s)and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved acts of violence with united forces against one (or more) person(
325. s)or acts of violence against a dead, sick or wounded person, which implies that Charles Taylor and/or [P1] (alias [alias P1]) and/or [P2] and/or [P3] and/or [P49] and/or (one or more) other(
326. s)(person(
327. s)who has/have remained unknown until the present), then and there (each time) contrary to international common law (in particular the common law ban on attacks carried out without making any distinction between soldiers or civilians) and/or torture and/or inhuman treatment and/or rape and/or looting and/or acts of violence with regard to (
328. a)civilian(
329. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or (
330. a)person(
331. s)who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause) and/or the stipulations set out in the "common" article 3 of the Geneva Conventions dated August 12, 1949, as (
332. a)member(
333. s)of and/or participant(
334. s)to, at least belonging to, one of the combating parties in a(
335. n)(non-international) armed conflict on the territory of Liberia (repeatedly) committed an attack on someone's life and/or physical violence, at least mutilation and/or cruel (inhuman) treatment and/or torture and/or rape, and/or looting, with regard to (one) (or more) person(
336. s)who were (at that time) not (no longer) directly participating in the hostilities (being (
337. a)civilian(
338. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause), attack(
339. s)on someone's life and/or physical violence, at least mutilation and/or cruel (inhuman) treatment and/or torture and/or rape and/or looting, which (among other matters) implied that the aforesaid member(s), at least the afore-mentioned person(s), together and in conjunction with others, (each time) deliberately, - aimed and/or fired at (one) (or more) civilian(
340. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause and/or as a consequence of which the afore-mentioned civilian(
341. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause died and/or experienced (severe) bodily harm and/or - raped (
342. a)woman/women and/or (
343. a)child/children and/or - (subsequently) plundered possessions of (one) (or more) civilian(
344. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause and/or (
345. of)(members
346. of)the armed forces; whereby the defendant, together and in conjunction with (
347. an)other(s), at least alone, in or around the period from 1 January 1999 through 31 December 2002 in Buchanan and/or Monrovia and/or Voinjama and/or (
348. in)Lofa County and/or (elsewhere) in Liberia, deliberately provided the occasion and/or means and/or information and/or then and there deliberately aided and abetted to commit that/those crime(
349. s)which implies that he, the defendant, (
350. as)president of Oriental Timber Company and/or owner and/or director of Royal Timber Company, and/or his co-perpetrator(s), then and there (each time) intentionally - sold or supplied (a load
351. of)weapons, being one or more AK-47's (Automat Kalashnikov 47) and/or one or more RPG's (Ruchnoi Protivotankovye Granatamy, also referred to as Rocket Propelled Grenade or Russian Powerful Gun) and/or one or more GMG's (General Machine Gun) and/or ammunition that belonged to the above mentioned arms, and/or mortars to Charles Taylor and/or the government of Liberia and/or (its) armed forces, at least to armed forces active in Liberia, and/or - placed his/their (own) staff member(
352. s)employed by the companies Oriental Timber Company (OTC) and/or Royal Timber Company (RTC) at the disposal of the (armed) conflict and (subsequently) deliberately let them join in the fight with their (own) weapons and/or ammunition (being one or more AK-47's and/or one or more RPG's and/or one or more GMG's and/or one or more mortars) (obtained) from OTC and/or RTC, and/or - threatened to dismiss or suspend (indefinitely) his/their (own) staff member(
353. s)employed by the companies Oriental Timber Company (OTC) and/or Royal Timber Company (RTC) if this/these staff member(
354. s)refused to participate in the (armed) conflict and/or - placed one (or more) helicopter(
355. s)and/or (
356. a)truck(
357. s)and/or (
358. a)(pick-
359. up)truck(s), at least one or more vehicles, at the disposal of Charles Taylor and/or the government of Liberia and/or (its) armed forces, for the benefit of the transport of armed forces and/or weapons and/or ammunition and/or food and/or clothing and/or uniforms, at least goods for use by the (armed) conflict and/or combatants, and/or - placed a RTC camp, in any case a (meeting) place, at the disposal of Charles Taylor and/or the government of Liberia and/or (its) armed forces, at least to armed forces active in Liberia, and/or - supplied and/or gave money and/or cigarettes and/or marihuana, at least (
360. a)controlled drug(
361. s)to the members of the armed forces of Charles Taylor and/or (
362. of)(the government
363. of)Liberia and/or to the staff members of OTC and/or RTC who were put at their disposal for the purpose of the conflict, at least to the armed forces active in Liberia, and/or - given (
364. an)instruction(
365. s)and/or (
366. an)order(
367. s)with regard to the use of (heavy) weapons and/or battle methods to the members of the armed forces of Charles Taylor and/or (
368. of)(the government
369. of)Liberia and/or to the staff members of OTC and/or RTC who were put at their disposal for the purpose of the conflict, at least to the armed forces active in Liberia; (Article 8 Criminal Law in Wartime Act in conjunction with article 48 of the Penal Code) and/or COUNT 2B that [P1] (alias [alias P1]) and/or [P2] and/or [P3] and/or [P49] and/or (one or more) other(
370. s)(person(
371. s)who has/have remained unknown until the present), being (among others) (
372. a)staff member(
373. s)of OTC and/or RTC, in each case (
374. a)person(
375. s)employed by and/or subordinate to the defendant, at (one) (or more) points in time in or around the year 2002, at least in the year 2001 and/or 2002, in Voinjama, at least in the neighborhood of Voinjama, at least in Lofa County, at least in Liberia, together and in conjunction with (
376. an)other(s), at least alone (each time) violated the laws and practices of war, while from that offense/those offenses (each time) death or severe bodily harm of (
377. an)other(
378. s)was to be feared and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved inhuman treatment and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved looting and/or while that offense/those offenses (each time) resulted in the death of (
379. an)other(
380. s)and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved rape and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) resulted in severe bodily harm of (
381. an)other(
382. s)and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved acts of violence with united forces against one (or more) person(
383. s)or acts of violence against a dead, sick or wounded person, which implies that [P1] (alias [alias P1]) and/or [P2] and/or [P3] and/or [P49] and/or (one or more) other(
384. s)(person(
385. s)who has/have remained unknown until the present), being (among others) (
386. a)staff member(
387. s)of OTC and/or RTC, in each case (
388. a)person(
389. s)employed by and/or subordinate to the defendant, then and there (each time) contrary to international common law (in particular the common law ban on attacks carried out without making any distinction between soldiers or civilians) and/or torture and/or inhuman treatment and/or rape and/or looting and/or acts of violence with regard to (
390. a)civilian(
391. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or (
392. a)person(
393. s)who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause) and/or the stipulations set out in the "common" article 3 of the Geneva Conventions dated August 12, 1949, as (
394. a)member(
395. s)of and/or participant(
396. s)to, at least belonging to, one of the combating parties in a(
397. n)(non-international) armed conflict on the territory of Liberia (repeatedly) committed an attack on someone's life and/or physical violence, at least mutilation and/or cruel (inhuman) treatment and/or torture and/or rape, and/or looting, with regard to (one) (or more) person(
398. s)who were (at that time) not (no longer) directly participating in the hostilities (being (
399. a)civilian(
400. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause), attack(
401. s)on someone's life and/or physical violence, at least mutilation and/or cruel (inhuman) treatment and/or torture and/or rape and/or looting, which (among other matters) implied that the aforesaid member(s), at least the afore-mentioned person(s), together and in conjunction with others, (each time) deliberately, - aimed and/or fired at (one) (or more) civilian(
402. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause and/or as a consequence of which the afore-mentioned civilian(
403. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause died and/or experienced (severe) bodily harm and/or - raped (
404. a)woman/women and/or (
405. a)child/children and/or - (subsequently) plundered possessions of (one) (or more) civilian(
406. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause and/or (
407. of)(members
408. of)the armed forces which implies that he, the defendant, (
409. as)president of Oriental Timber Company and/or owner and/or director of Royal Timber Company, in any case as executive of OTC and/or RTC, with regard to the above-mentioned attack(
410. s)on someone’s life and/or physical violence, at least mutilation and/or cruel (inhuman) treatment and/or torture and/or rape and/or looting, at (one) (or more) points in time in or around the year 2002, at least in the year 2001 and/or 2002, in Buchanan and/or Monrovia and/or Voinjama and/or(
411. in)Lofa County and/or (elsewhere) in Liberia, repeatedly, at least one time (each time) intentionally allowed his subordinate(
412. s)to commit this/these attacks, namely that he, the defendant did not take any or did not take sufficient measures in order to avoid the attack(
413. s)on someone’s life and/or physical violence, at least mutilation and/or cruel (inhuman) treatment and/or torture and/or rape and/or looting, and/or to punish the subordinates who were responsible for the attacks; (Article 9 Criminal Law in Wartime Act) COUNT 3A that he, at (one) (or more) points in June 2002, at least in or around the period of 1 December 2001 through 30 June 2002, at least in the year 2001 and/or 2002, in Kolahun, at least in the neighborhood of Kolahun, at least in Lofa County, at least in Liberia, together and in conjunction with (
414. an)other(
415. s)(each time) violated the laws and practices of war, while from that offense/those offenses (each time) death or severe bodily harm of (
416. an)other(
417. s)was to be feared and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved inhuman treatment and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved looting and/or while that offense/those offenses (each time) resulted in the death of (
418. an)other(
419. s)and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved rape and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) resulted in severe bodily harm of (
420. an)other(
421. s)and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved acts of violence with united forces against one (or more) person(
422. s)or acts of violence against a dead, sick or wounded person, which implies that he, the defendant, (
423. as)president of Oriental Timber Company and/or owner and/or director of Royal Timber Company, and/or (one or more
424. of)his co-perpetrator(s), being Charles Taylor and/or [P1] (alias [alias P1]) and/or [P2] and/or [P3] and/or [P8] and/or [P9] and/or [P10] and/or (one or more) other(
425. s)(person(
426. s)who has/have remained unknown until the present), then and there (each time) contrary to international common law (in particular the common law ban on attacks carried out without making any distinction between soldiers or civilians) and/or torture and/or inhuman treatment and/or rape and/or looting and/or acts of violence with regard to (
427. a)civilian(
428. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or (
429. a)person(
430. s)who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause) and/or the stipulations set out in the "common" article 3 of the Geneva Conventions dated August 12, 1949, as (
431. a)member(
432. s)of and/or participant(
433. s)to, at least belonging to, one of the combating parties in a(
434. n)(non-international) armed conflict on the territory of Liberia (repeatedly) committed an attack on someone's life and/or physical violence, at least mutilation and/or cruel (inhuman) treatment and/or torture and/or rape, and/or looting, with regard to (one) (or more) person(
435. s)who were (at that time) not (no longer) directly participating in the hostilities (being (
436. a)civilian(
437. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause), attack(
438. s)on someone's life and/or physical violence, at least mutilation and/or cruel (inhuman) treatment and/or torture and/or rape and/or looting, which (among other matters) implied that the aforesaid member(s), at least the afore-mentioned person(s), together and in conjunction with others, (each time) deliberately, - bombarded (at random) in (the) (town
439. of)Kolahun (
440. a)civilian(
441. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or (
442. a)person(
443. s)who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause) with grenades for a longer period of time, more specifically (one) (and a half) day, and/or - aimed and/or fired (at random) at (one) (or more) civilian(
444. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause and/or - told (
445. a)man (men) and/or (
446. a)woman (women), at least (one) (or more) civilian(
447. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause, to undress and (subsequently) to lie down on the floor and executed this/these person(
448. s)and/or - set fire to (
449. a)house(
450. s)where (one) (or more) civilian(
451. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause was/were still staying as a consequence of which the afore-mentioned civilian(
452. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause died and/or experienced (severe) bodily harm and/or - raped (
453. a)woman/women and/or (
454. a)child/children and/or - tortured two, at least one or more, man (men) by locking this/these man (men) into an attic and/or (subsequently) setting fire to a bundle of pepper under this attic by which act this/these man (men) threatened to suffocate, while from that offense death or severe bodily harm of the above mentioned man (men) could be feared, which offense at least included an inhuman treatment and/or - plundered possessions of (one) (or more) civilian(
455. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause and/or (
456. of)(members
457. of)the armed forces; (Article 8 Criminal Law in Wartime Act) alternatively, as far as the above might or could not lead to a conviction: that Charles Taylor and/or [P1] (alias [alias P1]) and/or [P2] and/or [P3] and/or [P8] and/or [P9] and/or [P10] and/or (one or more) other(
458. s)(person(
459. s)who has/have remained unknown until the present), at (one) (or more) points in June 2002, at least in or around the period of 1 December 2001 through 30 June 2002, at least in the year 2001 and/or 2002, in Kolahun, at least in the neighborhood of Kolahun, at least in Lofa County, at least in Liberia, together and in conjunction with (
460. an)other(
461. s)(each time) violated the laws and practices of war, while from that offense/those offenses (each time) death or severe bodily harm of (
462. an)other(
463. s)was to be feared and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved inhuman treatment and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved looting and/or while that offense/those offenses (each time) resulted in the death of (
464. an)other(
465. s)and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved rape and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) resulted in severe bodily harm of (
466. an)other(
467. s)and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved acts of violence with united forces against one (or more) person(
468. s)or acts of violence against a dead, sick or wounded person, which implies that Charles Taylor and/or [P1] (alias [alias P1]) and/or [P2] and/or [P3] and/or [P8] and/or [P9] and/or [P10] and/or (one or more) other(
469. s)(person(
470. s)who has/have remained unknown until the present), then and there (each time) contrary to international common law (in particular the common law ban on attacks carried out without making any distinction between soldiers or civilians) and/or torture and/or inhuman treatment and/or rape and/or looting and/or acts of violence with regard to (
471. a)civilian(
472. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or (
473. a)person(
474. s)who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause) and/or the stipulations set out in the "common" article 3 of the Geneva Conventions dated August 12, 1949, as (
475. a)member(
476. s)of and/or participant(
477. s)to, at least belonging to, one of the combating parties in a(
478. n)(non-international) armed conflict on the territory of Liberia (repeatedly) committed an attack on someone's life and/or physical violence, at least mutilation and/or cruel (inhuman) treatment and/or torture and/or rape, and/or looting, with regard to (one) (or more) person(
479. s)who were (at that time) not (no longer) directly participating in the hostilities (being (
480. a)civilian(
481. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause), attack(
482. s)on someone's life and/or physical violence, at least mutilation and/or cruel (inhuman) treatment and/or torture and/or rape and/or looting, which (among other matters) implied that the aforesaid member(s), at least the afore-mentioned person(s), together and in conjunction with others, (each time) deliberately, - bombarded (at random) in (the) (town
483. of)Kolahun (
484. a)civilian(
485. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or (
486. a)person(
487. s)who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause) with grenades for a longer period of time, more specifically (one) (and a half) day, and/or - aimed and/or fired (at random) at (one) (or more) civilian(
488. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause and/or - told (
489. a)man (men) and/or (
490. a)woman (women), at least (one) (or more) civilian(
491. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause, to undress and (subsequently) to lie down on the floor and executed this/these person(
492. s)and/or - set fire to (
493. a)house(
494. s)where (one) (or more) civilian(
495. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause was/were still staying as a consequence of which the afore-mentioned civilian(
496. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause died and/or experienced (severe) bodily harm and/or - raped (
497. a)woman/women and/or (
498. a)child/children and/or - tortured two, at least one or more, man (men) by locking this/these man (men) into an attic and/or (subsequently) setting fire to a bundle of pepper under this attic by which act this/these man (men) threatened to suffocate, while from that offense death or severe bodily harm of the above mentioned man (men) could be feared, which offense at least included an inhuman treatment and/or - plundered possessions of (one) (or more) civilian(
499. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause and/or (
500. of)(members
501. of)the armed forces the above-mentioned crime(
502. s)were deliberately abetted (each time) in or around the period from 1 January 1999 through 31 December 2002 in Buchanan and/or Monrovia and/or Kolahun and/or (
503. in)Lofa County and/or (elsewhere) in Liberia by the defendant, together or in conjunction with (
504. an)other(s), at least alone, by means of gifts and/or promises and/or abuse of authority and/or violence and/or threat and/or deception and/or by providing the occasion and/or means and/or information, which implies that he, the defendant, (
505. as)president of Oriental Timber Company and/or owner and/or director of Royal Timber Company, and/or his co-perpetrator(s), then and there (each time) intentionally - sold or supplied (a load
506. of)weapons, being one or more AK-47's (Automat Kalashnikov 47) and/or one or more RPG's (Ruchnoi Protivotankovye Granatamy, also referred to as Rocket Propelled Grenade or Russian Powerful Gun) and/or one or more GMG's (General Machine Gun) and/or ammunition that belonged to the above mentioned arms, and/or mortars to Charles Taylor and/or the government of Liberia and/or (its) armed forces, at least to armed forces active in Liberia, and/or - placed his/their (own) staff member(
507. s)employed by the companies Oriental Timber Company (OTC) and/or Royal Timber Company (RTC) at the disposal of the (armed) conflict and (subsequently) deliberately let them join in the fight with their (own) weapons and/or ammunition (being one or more AK-47's and/or one or more RPG's and/or one or more GMG's and/or one or more mortars) (obtained) from OTC and/or RTC, and/or - threatened to dismiss or suspend (indefinitely) his/their (own) staff member(
508. s)employed by the companies Oriental Timber Company (OTC) and/or Royal Timber Company (RTC) if this/these staff member(
509. s)refused to participate in the (armed) conflict and/or - placed one (or more) helicopter(
510. s)and/or (
511. a)truck(
512. s)and/or (
513. a)(pick-
514. up)truck(s), at least one or more vehicles, at the disposal of Charles Taylor and/or the government of Liberia and/or (its) armed forces, for the benefit of the transport of armed forces and/or weapons and/or ammunition and/or food and/or clothing and/or uniforms, at least goods for use by the (armed) conflict and/or combatants, and/or - placed a RTC camp, in any case a (meeting) place, at the disposal of Charles Taylor and/or the government of Liberia and/or (its) armed forces, at least to armed forces active in Liberia, and/or - supplied and/or gave money and/or cigarettes and/or marihuana, at least (
515. a)controlled drug(
516. s)to the members of the armed forces of Charles Taylor and/or (
517. of)(the government
518. of)Liberia and/or to the staff members of OTC and/or RTC who were put at their disposal for the purpose of the conflict, at least to the armed forces active in Liberia, and/or - given (
519. an)instruction(
520. s)and/or (
521. an)order(
522. s)with regard to the use of (heavy) weapons and/or battle methods to the members of the armed forces of Charles Taylor and/or (
523. of)(the government
524. of)Liberia and/or to the staff members of OTC and/or RTC who were put at their disposal for the purpose of the conflict, at least to the armed forces active in Liberia, which instruction(
525. s)or order(
526. s)implied (among other matters) that "Kolahun needed to be swept clean" and/or words of similar meaning; (Article 8 Criminal Law in Wartime Act in conjunction with article 47 of the Penal Code) More alternatively, as far as the above might or could not lead to a conviction: that Charles Taylor and/or [P1] (alias [alias P1]) and/or [P2] and/or [P3] and/or [P8] and/or [P9] and/or [P10] and/or (one or more) other(
527. s)(person(
528. s)who has/have remained unknown until the present), at (one) (or more) points in June 2002, at least in or around the period of 1 December 2001 through 30 June 2002, at least in the year 2001 and/or 2002, in Kolahun, at least in the neighborhood of Kolahun, at least in Lofa County, at least in Liberia, together and in conjunction with (
529. an)other(
530. s)(each time) violated the laws and practices of war, while from that offense/those offenses (each time) death or severe bodily harm of (
531. an)other(
532. s)was to be feared and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved inhuman treatment and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved looting and/or while that offense/those offenses (each time) resulted in the death of (
533. an)other(
534. s)and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved rape and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) resulted in severe bodily harm of (
535. an)other(
536. s)and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved acts of violence with united forces against one (or more) person(
537. s)or acts of violence against a dead, sick or wounded person, which implies that Charles Taylor and/or [P1] (alias [alias P1]) and/or [P2] and/or [P3] and/or [P8] and/or [P9] and/or [P10] and/or (one or more) other(
538. s)(person(
539. s)who has/have remained unknown until the present), then and there (each time) contrary to international common law (in particular the common law ban on attacks carried out without making any distinction between soldiers or civilians) and/or torture and/or inhuman treatment and/or rape and/or looting and/or acts of violence with regard to (
540. a)civilian(
541. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or (
542. a)person(
543. s)who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause) and/or the stipulations set out in the "common" article 3 of the Geneva Conventions dated August 12, 1949, as (
544. a)member(
545. s)of and/or participant(
546. s)to, at least belonging to, one of the combating parties in a(
547. n)(non-international) armed conflict on the territory of Liberia (repeatedly) committed an attack on someone's life and/or physical violence, at least mutilation and/or cruel (inhuman) treatment and/or torture and/or rape, and/or looting, with regard to (one) (or more) person(
548. s)who were (at that time) not (no longer) directly participating in the hostilities (being (
549. a)civilian(
550. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause), attack(
551. s)on someone's life and/or physical violence, at least mutilation and/or cruel (inhuman) treatment and/or torture and/or rape and/or looting, which (among other matters) implied that the aforesaid member(s), at least the afore-mentioned person(s), together and in conjunction with others, (each time) deliberately, - bombarded (at random) in (the) (town
552. of)Kolahun (
553. a)civilian(
554. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or (
555. a)person(
556. s)who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause) with grenades for a longer period of time, more specifically (one) (and a half) day, and/or - aimed and/or fired (at random) at (one) (or more) civilian(
557. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause and/or - told (
558. a)man (men) and/or (
559. a)woman (women), at least (one) (or more) civilian(
560. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause, to undress and (subsequently) to lie down on the floor and executed this/these person(
561. s)and/or - set fire to (
562. a)house(
563. s)where (one) (or more) civilian(
564. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause was/were still staying as a consequence of which the afore-mentioned civilian(
565. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause died and/or experienced (severe) bodily harm and/or - raped (
566. a)woman/women and/or (
567. a)child/children and/or - tortured two, at least one or more, man (men) by locking this/these man (men) into an attic and/or (subsequently) setting fire to a bundle of pepper under this attic by which act this/these man (men) threatened to suffocate, while from that offense death or severe bodily harm of the above mentioned man (men) could be feared, which offense at least included an inhuman treatment and/or - plundered possessions of (one) (or more) civilian(
568. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause and/or (
569. of)(members
570. of)the armed forces whereby the defendant, together and in conjunction with (
571. an)other(s), at least alone, in or around the period from 1 January 1999 through 31 December 2002 in Buchanan and/or Monrovia and/or Kolahun and/or (
572. in)Lofa County and/or (elsewhere) in Liberia deliberately provided the occasion and/or means and/or information and/or then and there deliberately aided and abetted to commit that/those crime(
573. s)which implies that he, the defendant, (
574. as)president of Oriental Timber Company and/or owner and/or director of Royal Timber Company, and/or his co-perpetrators then and there (each time) intentionally - sold and/or supplied (a load
575. of)weapons, being one or more AK-47’s (Automat Kalashnikov 47) and/or one or more RPG's (Ruchnoi Protivotankovye Granatamy, also referred to as Rocket Propelled Grenade or Russian Powerful Gun) and/or one or more GMG's (General Machine Gun) and/or ammunition that belonged to the above mentioned arms, and/or mortars to Charles Taylor and/or the government of Liberia and/or (its) armed forces, at least to armed forces active in Liberia, and/or - placed his/their (own) staff member(
576. s)employed by the companies Oriental Timber Company (OTC) and/or Royal Timber Company (RTC) at the disposal of the (armed) conflict and (subsequently) deliberately let them join in the fight with their (own) weapons and/or ammunition (being one or more AK-47’s and/or one or more RPG's and/or one or more GMG’s and/or one or more mortars) (obtained) from OTC and/or RTC, and/or - threatened to dismiss or suspend (indefinitely) his/their (own) staff member(
577. s)employed by the companies Oriental Timber Company (OTC) and/or Royal Timber Company (RTC) if this/these staff member(
578. s)refused to participate in the (armed) conflict and/or - placed one (or more) helicopter(
579. s)and/or (
580. a)truck(
581. s)and/or (
582. a)(pick-
583. up)truck(s), at least one or more vehicles, at the disposal of Charles Taylor and/or the government of Liberia and/or (its) armed forces, for the benefit of the transport of armed forces and/or weapons and/or ammunition and/or food and/or clothing and/or uniforms, at least goods for use by the (armed) conflict and/or combatants, and/or - placed a RTC camp, in any case a (meeting) place, at the disposal of Charles Taylor and/or the government of Liberia and/or (its) armed forces, at least to armed forces active in Liberia, and/or - supplied and/or gave money and/or cigarettes and/or marihuana at least (
584. a)controlled drug(
585. s)to the members of the armed forces of Charles Taylor and/or (
586. of)(the government
587. of)Liberia and/or to the staff members of OTC and/or RTC who were put at their disposal for the purpose of the conflict, at least to the armed forces active in Liberia, and/or - given (
588. an)instruction(
589. s)and/or (
590. an)order(
591. s)with regard to the use of (heavy) weapons and/or battle methods to the members of the armed forces of Charles Taylor and/or (
592. of)(the government
593. of)Liberia and/or to the staff members of OTC and/or RTC who were put at their disposal for the purpose of the conflict, at least to the armed forces active in Liberia, which instruction(
594. s)or order(
595. s)implied (among other matters) that "Kolahun needed to be swept clean" and/or words of similar meaning; (Article 8 Criminal Law in Wartime Act in conjunction with article 47 of the Penal Code) and/or COUNT 3B which implies that [P1] (alias [alias P1]) and/or [P2] and/or [P3] and/or [P8] and/or [P9] and/or [P10] and/or (one or more) other(
596. s)(person(
597. s)who has/have remained unknown until the present), being (among others) (
598. a)staff member(
599. s)of OTC and/or RTC, in each case (
600. a)person(
601. s)employed by and/or subordinate to the defendant, at (one) (or more) points in June 2002, at least in or around the period of 1 December 2001 through 30 June 2002, at least in the year 2001 and/or 2002, in Kolahun, at least in the neighborhood of Kolahun, at least in Lofa County, at least in Liberia, together and in conjunction with (
602. an)other(
603. s)(each time) violated the laws and practices of war, while from that offense/those offenses (each time) death or severe bodily harm of (
604. an)other(
605. s)was to be feared and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved inhuman treatment and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved looting and/or while that offense/those offenses (each time) resulted in the death of (
606. an)other(
607. s)and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved rape and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) resulted in severe bodily harm of (
608. an)other(
609. s)and/or that offense/those offenses (each time) involved acts of violence with united forces against one (or more) person(
610. s)or acts of violence against a dead, sick or wounded person, which implies that [P1] (alias [alias P1]) and/or [P2] and/or [P3] and/or [P8] and/or [P9] and/or [P10] and/or (one or more) other(
611. s)(person(
612. s)who has/have remained unknown until the present), being (among others) (
613. a)staff member(
614. s)of OTC and/or RTC, in each case (
615. a)person(
616. s)employed by and/or subordinate to the defendant, then and there (each time) contrary to international common law (in particular the common law ban on attacks carried out without making any distinction between soldiers or civilians) and/or torture and/or inhuman treatment and/or rape and/or looting and/or acts of violence with regard to (
617. a)civilian(
618. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or (
619. a)person(
620. s)who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause) and/or the stipulations set out in the "common" article 3 of the Geneva Conventions dated August 12, 1949, as (
621. a)member(
622. s)of and/or participant(
623. s)to, at least belonging to, one of the combating parties in a(
624. n)(non-international) armed conflict on the territory of Liberia (repeatedly) committed an attack on someone's life and/or physical violence, at least mutilation and/or cruel (inhuman) treatment and/or torture and/or rape, and/or looting, with regard to (one) (or more) person(
625. s)who were (at that time) not (no longer) directly participating in the hostilities (being (
626. a)civilian(
627. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause), attack(
628. s)on someone's life and/or physical violence, at least mutilation and/or cruel (inhuman) treatment and/or torture and/or rape and/or looting, which (among other matters) implied that the aforesaid member(s), at least the afore-mentioned person(s), together and in conjunction with others, (each time) deliberately, - bombarded (at random) in (the) (town
629. of)Kolahun (
630. a)civilian(
631. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or (
632. a)person(
633. s)who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause) with grenades for a longer period of time, more specifically (one) (and a half) day, and/or - aimed and/or fired (at random) at (one) (or more) civilian(
634. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause and/or - told (
635. a)man (men) and/or (
636. a)woman (women), at least (one) (or more) civilian(
637. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause, to undress and (subsequently) to lie down on the floor and executed this/these person(
638. s)and/or - set fire to (
639. a)house(
640. s)where (one) (or more) civilian(
641. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause was/were still staying as a consequence of which the afore-mentioned civilian(
642. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause died and/or experienced (severe) bodily harm and/or - raped (
643. a)woman/women and/or (
644. a)child/children and/or - tortured two, at least one or more, man (men) by locking this/these man (men) into an attic and/or (subsequently) setting fire to a bundle of pepper under this attic by which act this/these man (men) threatened to suffocate, while from that offense death or severe bodily harm of the above mentioned man (men) could be feared, which offense at least included an inhuman treatment and/or - plundered possessions of (one) (or more) civilian(
645. s)and/or personnel of the armed forces that had laid down arms and/or he/she who had been put out of action by imprisonment or another cause and/or (
646. of)(members
647. of)the armed forces which implies that he, the defendant, (
648. as)president of Oriental Timber Company and/or owner and/or director of Royal Timber Company, in any case as executive of OTC and/or RTC, with regard to the above-mentioned attack(
649. s)on someone’s life and/or physical violence, at least mutilation and/or cruel (inhuman) treatment and/or torture and/or rape and/or looting, at (one) (or more) points in time in or around June 2002, at least in the period from 1 December 2001 through 30 June 2002, at least in the year 2001 and/or 2002, in Buchanan and/or Monrovia and/or Kolahun and/or(
650. in)Lofa County and/or (elsewhere) in Liberia, repeatedly, at least one time (each time) intentionally allowed his subordinate(
651. s)to commit this/these attacks, namely that he, the defendant did not take any or did not take sufficient measures in order to avoid the attack(
652. s)on someone’s life and/or physical violence, at least mutilation and/or cruel (inhuman) treatment and/or torture and/or rape and/or looting, and/or to punish the subordinates who were responsible for the attacks; (Article 9 Criminal Law in Wartime Act) COUNT 4 that he, in the period from 21 July 2001 through 8 May 2002, in Buchanan, Liberia, together and in conjunction with an other or others, at least alone, two times, at least one or several times, being - in or around the period from 10 November 2001 through 29 November 2001 and/or - in or around the period from 28 February 2002 through 8 March 2002 contrary to the ban set out in article 2 of the Liberian Sanctions Regulations 2001, established pursuant to article 2 paragraph 2 of the Sanctions Act 1977, which stipulates the ban on selling and/or supplying weapons and/or ammunition and/or military equipment and/or goods and/or armed or non-armed yards and/or spare parts and/or repairs and/or the maintenance thereof and/or military technology to natural persons and/or legal persons in Liberia, referred to in the Schedule to the Resolution on Imports and Exports of Strategic Goods deliberately sold and/or supplied weapons and/or ammunition and/or military equipments and/or goods and/or armed or non-armed yards and/or spare parts and/or repairs and/or the maintenance thereof and/or military technology to one or more natural persons and/or legal person(
653. s)in Liberia, referred to in the Schedule to the Resolution on Imports and Exports of Strategic Goods in fact, he, the defendant, (
654. as)president of Oriental Timber Company and/or owner and/or director of Royal Timber Company, and/or (one) (or more
655. of)his co-perpetrator(s), then and there, (each time) deliberately sold and/or supplied (a load
656. of)weapons, being one or more AK-47's (Automat Kalashnikov 47) and/or one or more RPG's (Ruchnoi Protivotankovye Granatamy, and/or Rocket Propelled Grenade and/or Russian Powerful Gun) mortars and/or one or more GMG's (General Machine Gun), at least weapons as referred to in article 2 of the Liberian Sanctions Regulations 2001 to Charles Taylor and/or his armed forces, at least to armed forces active in Liberia, and/or to the personnel employed by the companies Oriental Timber Company (OTC) and/or Royal Timber Company (RTC) at least to (one) (or more) natural person(
657. s)and/or legal person(
658. s)in Liberia. (Article 1 Economic Offenses Act in conjunction with article 2 of the Liberian Sanctions Regulations 2001) COUNT 5 that he, in the period from 26 September 2002 through 7 May 2003, in Buchanan, Liberia, together and in conjunction with an other or others, at least alone, two times, at least one or several times, being - in or around the period from 15 December 2002 through 30 December 2002 and/or - in or around the period from 25 April 2003 through 7 May 2003 contrary to the ban set out in article 2 of the Liberian Sanctions Regulations 2002, established pursuant to article 2 paragraph 2 of the Sanctions Act 1977, which stipulates the ban on selling and/or supplying weapons and/or ammunition and/or military equipment and/or goods and/or armed or non-armed yards and/or spare parts and/or repairs and/or the maintenance thereof and/or military technology to natural persons and/or legal persons in Liberia, referred to in the Schedule to the Resolution on Imports and Exports of Strategic Goods deliberately sold and/or supplied weapons and/or ammunition and/or military equipments and/or goods and/or armed or non-armed yards and/or spare parts and/or repairs and/or the maintenance thereof and/or military technology to one or more natural persons and/or legal person(
659. s)in Liberia, referred to in the Schedule to the Resolution on Imports and Exports of Strategic Goods in fact, he, the defendant, (
660. as)president of Oriental Timber Company and/or owner and/or director of Royal Timber Company, and/or (one) (or more
661. of)his co-perpetrator(s), then and there, (each time) deliberately sold and/or supplied (a load
662. of)weapons, being one or more AK-47's (Automat Kalashnikov 47) and/or one or more RPG's (Ruchnoi Protivotankovye Granatamy, and/or Rocket Propelled Grenade and/or Russian Powerful Gun) mortars and/or one or more GMG's (General Machine Gun), at least weapons as referred to in article 2 of the Liberian Sanctions Regulations 2001 to Charles Taylor and/or his armed forces, at least to armed forces active in Liberia, and/or to the personnel employed by the companies Oriental Timber Company (OTC) and/or Royal Timber Company (RTC) at least to (one) (or more) natural person(
663. s)and/or legal person(
664. s)in Liberia. (Article 1 Economic Offenses Act in conjunction with article 2 of the Liberian Sanctions Regulations 2002) 3. Plea contesting the validity of the writ of summons. The defense put forward the plea of partial nullity against the summons concerning the facts represented in counts 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B based on the stipulations set out in article 261 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, arguing that the place where and the point in time when the alleged offenses would have been committed have not sufficiently been defined. The defense particularly aims at the periods of time as referred to in the charges that are spread out over a number of years. Furthermore the locations as mentioned in the charges not only refer to specific cities, but also to counties and finally to the countries Liberia and Guinea. The court dismisses this plea based on the following. The purpose of the requirements concerning the indictment, as laid down in the two first paragraphs of article 261 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, among other matters is to make known to the defendant what charges are brought against him for the benefit of his defense. For the defendant there should be no lack of clarity regarding this issue. In view of the above-mentioned purpose, the question whether the locations and periods of time mentioned in the charges can be considered to be sufficiently clear, also depends on the nature of the criminal offenses that the defendant has been charged with and the way they have been described in the indictment. In order to judge whether the charges provide the necessary clarity, we also need to consider the mutual relationship between the different parts of the indictment. Regarding the offenses the defendant has been charged with and with reference to the principles explained in the above, the court holds the following opinion. The author of the indictment accuses the defendant of having been involved in a certain number of wrongful actions in different degrees of participation, penalized under the Criminal Law in Wartime Act, which allegedly took place in a number of periods and on different locations. Seen the mutual relationship between the descriptions of the facts, which according to the court represent a sufficient factual nature by means of the concreteness of the descriptions of the charges on the one hand, and the relevant indications of place and time relating to the situation of an armed conflict in Liberia and Guinea that took place over a longer period of time on the other hand, the court considers that a further description of time and place was not necessary. The above argument of the court is also based on the fact that during the court hearing the defendant did not seem to lack clarity concerning the charges that were brought against him. 4. Plea contesting the entitlement of the Public Prosecution Service to proceedings. During the hearing the defense argued that the rights of the defense to a fair trial had been intentionally, systematically and irreparably violated by the prosecution. In carrying out its investigation the prosecution acted negligently, with prejudice and contrary to the principle of innocence presumption. Moreover, the way in which the investigation and the gathering of evidence were carried out made it impossible for the defense to test the legal basis and reliability of the investigation results. Therefore the defense is of the opinion that the court should bar the prosecution. The court rejects this defense according to the following considerations. The defense does not follow the standpoint of the defense that the prosecution carried out the inquiry with prejudice and contrary to the principle of innocence presumption. Although the investigation might not always have taken place in the way that was preferred by the defense, based on the case-file it can not be sustained that the prosecution was biased and would not have acted in the interest of arriving at the truth. On the contrary, the prosecution has made a substantial effort - be it or not at the request of the defense - to collect disculpatory evidence, by consulting various sources, executing numerous investigative activities and interviewed many independent witnesses as well as defense witnesses. Different from the considerations at the first pro-forma hearing on 1 June 2005, at present the court refers to the opinion of the defense that the suspicion at the start of the investigation at the beginning of 2004 was founded on the Report of the Panel of Experts of the United Nations of 2002 and the Global Witness Report of 2003. This results especially from the official report dated 26 April 2004, in connection with the public prosecutor's demand dated 27 April 2004 for the authorization of tapping telecommunications. This change of perception however does not lead the court to believe that the defendant was mistakenly considered to be a suspect at the beginning of the inquiry. At that time the reports showed enough objective and factual circumstances that sustained the grounds for suspecting the defendant of having committed a criminal offense. Furthermore, knowing the reputation of the United Nations and Global Witness and the way in which they carried out their investigations, the public prosecution service did not need to verify the accuracy of those reports as to assumptions, contents, sources or conclusions. The fact remains that during the investigation new and different incriminating evidence was gathered against the defendant. Against that background the possible doubts that rose in the course of the inquiry as to the validity of those reports, did not lead to the judgment that there was not sufficient reason to suspect the defendant of having committed an indictable offense. The court approves of the fact that in the interest of the investigation and the safety of confidants, questions about the actions of the Criminal Intelligence Unit (CIE) were denied in principle. However, from everything that has come forward about the CIE and the confidants, from statements of several witnesses for the prosecution and staff members of the investigation, the court concludes that the confidants only played a facilitating role in the investigation in Liberia. As it appears they were only involved in providing and accompanying the Liberian witnesses. In the opinion of the court the file provides an insufficient basis to sustain the view point of the defense that the confidants, among other matters by directly or indirectly paying an amount of money to the witnesses, had a decisive or unlawful influence on the realization of the statements of the witnesses for the prosecution. The defense has been adequately compensated for the impossibility to question the exact way of the CIE's operations, as well as the confidants' backgrounds and actions. After all, the defense had and used every opportunity to question the witnesses for the prosecution about the contents of their testimonies and thus verifying the trustworthiness of their incriminating statements. However, the fact that the backgrounds of the witnesses for the prosecution, their mutual relationships and their motives for making incriminating statements did not always become clear, did not largely obstruct the possibilities of the defense to verify the contents and reliability of those testimonies. It is possible that by this limited clarity the prosecution only partially met with the request of the court to provide a summary report of these witnesses, but the defense's interest was not infringed by this, because - as pointed out before - the defense was largely compensated for this lack of clarity. The court rejects the defense's argument that it was not able to examine the witnesses [P11] and [P12], because the court did not use these statements as evidence. Likewise the court dismisses the plea regarding witness [P13] and Taylor, inasmuch as the examination of these witnesses appeared to be completely impossible. Based on the above the court has not found any serious infringements of the principles of fair trial, causing a failure in the performance of the prosecution by purposefully neglecting the interests of the defendant in his right to a fair trial. For that reason the court dismisses the defense's plea to ban the prosecution. 5. Plea to exclude evidence. In discussing the plea contesting the entitlement of the public prosecution to proceedings, the court already considered that the way in which the inquiry and the gathering of evidence took place did not obstruct the defense's possibility to verify the legal basis and reliability of the investigation results. For that same reason, the court does not sustain the argument to exclude the collected investigative material from the evidence. The court rejects the specific plea to exclude the evidence contained in the statements of witnesses [P14], [P15] and [P15a] and of the so-called "affidavits" that were submitted by witness [P12], because these statements have not served as evidence for this court. 6. Grounds for acquittal of the charges under counts 1, 2 and 3. With regard to the charges under 1, 2 and 3, based on the available evidence the court has not come to the conclusion that the defendant committed these offenses. The court is of the opinion that the present evidence has demonstrated sufficiently that in February 2001 in Gueckedou in Guinea, in the year 2002 in Voinjama in Liberia and in the period from 1 December 2001 through 30 June 2002 in Kolahun, at least in the neighborhood of Kolahun, in Liberia during of a non-international conflict, contrary to international common law (in particular the common law ban on attacks carried out without making any distinction between soldiers or civilians, torture, inhuman treatment, rape, looting and acts of violence against civilians) and the stipulations set out in the stipulations set out in the common article 3 of the Geneva Conventions dated August 12, 1949, members of one of the combating parties acted as described in the charges of the indictment. Nevertheless the evidence has not convinced the court that the defendant committed these criminal acts, nor that he was co-perpetrator, abettor or an accomplice to these crimes and/or permitted (
665. a)subordinate(
666. s)to commit these crimes. The evidence does not convince the court that the defendant was actually involved in, nor had the knowledge of the facts charged under 1, 2 and 3, inasmuch as many different and even contradictory statements were recorded and written documents have not been able to give sufficient evidence to prove that involvement. Based on the witness testimonies and written documents in the case-file, the indictable offenses as charged under 2 and 3 refer to a large number of events that took place at different times and places. Often the witness testimonies and written documents do not regard the same events. Anyway, according to the available evidence, the court has not been able to establish that the numerous testimonies and documents each time refer to the same events. Furthermore the court has not found sufficient grounds for the actual involvement of the defendant in, and his knowledge of the facts as described by the victims and the perpetrators regarding the offenses charged under counts 1, 2 and 3. The fact that in a number of these events, security employees of Oriental Timber Company (OTC) and/or Royal Timber Company (RTC) were possibly involved, does not provide sufficient proof, because [P2] was both commander of the Armed Forces of Liberia and Director of the Security Department at OTC, and most of the time the security employees were former fighters of the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL), the former rebel group under the command of Charles Taylor. Therefore, based on the available evidence with regard to counts 1, 2 and 3, it can not be concluded with a reasonable degree of certainty whether these security employees participated in these facts by order of, with the consent of or with knowledge of the defendant. The charge which the court will consider proven that the defendant together and in conjunction with another or others supplied weapons to Charles Taylor and/or his armed forces, in itself is not sufficient evidence to consider it proven that the defendant participated in committing one of the offenses charged under 1, 2 or 3. For that matter weapons can also be used for acts that are legally permitted or acts that cannot be included in the criminal offenses as charged under 1, 2 and 3. For that reason the court will acquit the defendant of the charges under 1, 2 and 3, and because of this acquittal the pre-trial detention for these charges will have to be discontinued. 7. The evidence in relation to the charges under 4 and 5. The conviction that the defendant committed the proven facts is based on the facts and circumstances described in the following evidence, which lead the court to conclude that the charges have been proven. 1. the statement made by the defendant during the hearing of 24 April 2006, which includes - rendered concisely - : I am a Dutch national. In 1986 I started in the logging business with my company TIMCO. TIMCO was later changed into Royal Timber Company (RTC). That must have been approximately in 1997 or 1998. The contracts for OTC were signed in 1999. I was president and sole shareholder of RTC. It is also true that I was president of Oriental Timber Corporation (OTC) until the closing down of the company in 2003. In fact I am still president of OTC. I had a 35% interest in the OTC shares. [P1] is also called [alias P1]. He changed from RTC to OTC, where he became resident manager. Before he came to OTC, he was resident manager of RTC. You ask me about the position of [P2]. Before OTC was established, I was in Indonesia where my OTC partners were operating. At that time I asked my Indonesian business partners how we should set up the security of OTC in Liberia. Security was a necessity. I then discussed this matter with Charles Taylor. I told him that we had to arrange for a number of armed security men. Taylor indicated that he did not want OTC to employ its own security guards and he said that he himself would arrange for armed security officers for OTC. Subsequently [P2], being the former chief of staff of the army, of the Navy Division, came to OTC for security, because the war had ended. On 28 July 1999 the mobilization of OTC started by signing a contract. The agreement was that Charles Taylor would send people that would receive payment from OTC. So the intention was that former fighters would be deployed and paid by OTC, because the government did not have money for that. [P2] also received payment from OTC. [P2] was both chief of staff of the NPA and director of security of OTC. 2. an official report of examination of the defendant on 21 April 2006, drawn up and signed by the examining magistrate in charge of criminal proceedings at this court and the clerk of the court. This official report includes, among other matters - rendered concisely - the statements made on 18 April 2006 and 21 April 2006 by the defendant (EM-examinations, pages 844 - 880): There is clearly a relationship between myself and OTC. OTC is a company that started in collaboration with my Indonesian partners. I officially own 35% of the shares of that company. OTC is a company that was founded to do logging. OTC was set up by myself and my Indonesian partners. We entered into a management contract with LFCD for the logging business in the LFCD concessions. I was involved with the FDA, documentation, everything that regarded the FDA. At a later date I introduced Mr. [P16] to several people, like the FDA, Ministry of Finance, etc. You tell me that in my "explanation of operations [initials defendant]" I pointed out that I was involved in the takeover of the port. That was one or two months after signing the concession contract. I negotiated this contract concerning the port. That is when MDC was established. You ask me if I was further involved in setting up the port management. We were actually given the use of the port. When you look at the different branches, there is the sales department, the plywood manager, [P17] the sales manager, he was in charge of selling the plywood and timber, [P2] was in charge of OTC security and [alias P1], [P1] was resident manager. These are just about the leading figures. You put it to me that [P2] has testified that "we worked together" and that I was his employer. That was actually true. When the security department did not have enough men, then he would come to me. If there were any problems, they came to me. You ask me if [P1] ever came to me. He would come to me when matters had to be sorted out with the FDA, because that was his responsibility. I had known [P1] for some time, if he was at OTC he did his job, when I was in Monrovia and he was there too I would help him there. In fact he was my assistant and I was the one who recommended him to OTC. He was some sort of assistant to me, with the company I had before, MLTC, but also in relation to private issues. Here I am referring to matters I was dealing with myself. He was well acquainted with everybody that was in the government. If certain matters had to be dealt with at government level, he would go and see them. You tell me that [P1] has stated that, with regard to the day-to-day business, I was only active one time in relation to the purchase of machines and such. That's correct. You tell me that [P1] has stated as well that I would come to visit and look at the production. That's correct, I used to come and have a look. Among other matters I wanted to check whether the figures on paper coincided with the real situation, with regard to the payments that had to be made. I used to visit Buchanan once every two months. You ask me if I would also go to the port. When I was in Buchanan I would of course spend my time with Mr. [P16] and I would follow him, we would go to the port, to the log yard, we would look around everywhere. Because of my familiarity with Liberia and my part in the acquisition of the concessions, is was logical to appoint me as president. I made payments on behalf of OTC, as advance payments, which I would claim back later on. These payments could relate to anything: operations, instructions we received to pay for certain things. I would disburse expenses and be compensated at a later date. You ask me why I did that. You could consider these to be public relations expenses. You ask me what you should imagine those public relations to be. All kinds of things. I was not the only one who did that, the company itself also did this through the finance department and Mr. [P16]. Payments had to be made, there were so many, smaller amounts to people with the authorities. When I was at home, there would be a whole bunch of people waiting at my door who had problems. Then I would verify whether the payments referred to private matters [defendant] or to OTC. It also related to senators, ministers, people that belonged to the Liberian society. You ask me if I had certain agreements with [P16] and [P18] with regard to the payments. There were certain directives. We knew who should receive payment and who should not. I had a kind of guideline for that, it was left up to me, sort of. You ask me if I had an agreement with [P16] and [P18] that I would be the one to deal with these matters. [P16] did it himself, he had the same kind of problems I had. People would also come to him with requests. You ask me if I had made other arrangements with [P16] and [P18] concerning OTC. No, apart form that I did not interfere with operations. I purchased some machines for myself, through OTC. Because OTC bought a larger quantity of machines, they would get a better price. Then I would ask them to buy machines for me. I bought 4 Komatsu's and 2 Mercedes trucks from OTC. These were used for RTC operations. The public prosecutor asks me when this took place. At one time I bought the four Komatsu's and another time I bought the Mercedes trucks. The Komatsu's were purchased in 2000/2001, the trucks around that same date. You ask me if I can remember any names of persons I made payments to. There are so many people. Every day there were 20 or 30. I would make a selection, one part was for RTC, another for OTC and yet another for myself. So many people were working for the government. They were all paid poorly and they thought that they had to live according to a certain standard. They would go to the various business men and ask for a solution to their problems. You ask me when those problems resided under OTC. That was when it related to people who were involved in OTC operations. People that had to deal with OTC through their position. But also people that were in the Senate or in the House of Representatives. You ask me how I could know for sure who were the ones involved in OTC operations. I would draw up a list and sit down and discuss it with [P16]. You ask me if [P2] ever received PR payments. It concerned many people who worked at the ministries, semi-military persons who were commanders there, boys who found themselves in these kind of positions that gave them the possibility to bother people. In this framework I mention [P53] to you. [P19] was the aide-de-camp of the President. I have known [P19] for a long time. He was the one whom Taylor called when he wanted to see me. He was then asked to make an appointment with me. When I wanted to see Taylor it was more complicated. In that case, people like [P19] came in handy to be able to make an appointment with the President. Among other matters he received PR payments, because he used to do these sort of things. If I needed to see the President it would often concern OTC. I did have contact with Taylor about OTC matters. Usually he asked me to come over. Mr. Taylor was the President of Liberia. If he needed anything he would call me. He had people ask for me when it concerned OTC, or RTC. You ask me why he wanted to speak to me when it regarded OTC matters. Because he knew me. He also knew [P16], I introduced him to the President. Sometimes he would ask me to come several times a month, but sometimes I would not hear from him for a number of months. Most of the time it had to do with financial requests. After we had concluded the OTC agreements and he was prepared to give concessions to OTC to make it a profitable company, we were asked to make an advance payment of $ 5,000.000 for future taxes. Most of Taylor's instructions would be in relation to these $ 5,000.000. So he would make all kinds of requests. Apart from that he asked us to send a number of tractors to his farm, or he said that he wanted a road, that he needed electricity and he would ask me if I could advance the money. He also simply asked for payments. You ask me if I went to see him by myself. Usually I went alone, but sometimes [P16] would accompany me and sometimes [alias P1]. [Alias P1] would no be present during the actual meeting. He could be present when it merely regarded a discussion about OTC or FDA operations, because in that case he had to follow up. You tell me that [alias P1] has stated that when it concerned OTC matters he would be present. Yes, when it concerned operational matters. When I say operational, I refer to the FDA, Ministry of Public Works and the Ministry of Finance. Those were the three departments that OTC had a relationship with. Taylor did not have a financial interest in OTC, but in myself. When the contracts regarding OTC had been concluded, Taylor knew that I had not done this without a reason. He called for me and told me that it was understood that the Liberian government and OTC had an official tax relationship. The regular government budget was not sufficient and they would ask business men for financial aid. He would receive 50% of royalties I received from OTC. You ask me if I also purchased goods at the request of President Taylor, for instance for the benefit of road constructions, cement, spare parts for his machines, a car, money transfers to his wife, to the embassy, the famous transfer of $ 500,000 for the helicopter. In order to comply with his requests I needed to travel, but I was on the travel ban list and therefore I could run into trouble anywhere. For instance, up to three times Taylor wanted to withdraw the recognition of Taiwan in favor of the relationship with China. Subsequently we traveled to Thailand with a whole team where the father of [P16] had established contacts. The Minister of Foreign Affairs was there and myself. While we were in Thailand, the Taiwanese went to visit Taylor and succeeded in persuading him. We were then called back again. I also had to travel for the purchase of the helicopter. I traveled so much to arrange matters for him. You put it to me that I have stated that I gave money to [P3] once. Yes, that was for the benefit of his staff, but sometimes also just for himself. You ask me what I mean by staff. When he was assigned at the White Flower, then that would be SSS staff. You tell me that according to my own calculations it was about $ 17,000. That is quite possible. Each year between 5 and 7 million was paid to the government; this concerned taxes, royalties and special funds. The examining magistrate asks me if I ever took cash to Charles Taylor. No, not me. Taylor would say that he needed money. Then I would go to [P16] and he would write a check. This check would then be taken to Taylor by [alias P1] for example, and he would be asked to go and cash it at the bank. I do not know exactly how they did that. I suppose they would proceed by the intermediary of the Minister of Finance, because he would also hand out a receipt. I have seen these receipts. It has occurred that these regarded amounts of $ 500,000 or $ 700,000. Once a month sounds exaggerated, but it is possible. [P2] was already director of NPA security and Buchanan was also part of that. [P2], apart from being director of NPA security, was also former chief of staff of the Navy Division. In 1999 he was not operational, because there was no army. He was in charge of NPA security and OTC security was part of that. So the war started in 2000. The recruitment for the army never came about and for that reason Taylor fell back on his former fighters. Mr. [P2] was of course called back to his former position as commander of his former battalion. You ask me if I was ever in the possession of a helicopter. That is correct. At the end of 1999/2000, in the capacity of OTC, we rented a helicopter. Its colors were white and blue. I estimate that Charles Taylor started to use that helicopter around February or March 2002. I still made payments to this company even after February or March 2002. But maybe also for the helicopter. You ask me if I ever tried to bring parties together during the time I spent in Liberia. The only thing we tried actually, in relation to the situation of the LURD and Liberia, which was actually a conflict between Guinea and Liberia, was to try and bring together Taylor and Conteh, the President of Guinea. This was arranged for by [P20] in collaboration with the EU. I never attended these visits. My task was the financial side of the contact between Taylor and [P20]. You ask me when this took place. This was in 2001/2002. You tell me that on page 3638 it says: "message chief. Guinea. Spoke to [P20], he finalized his meeting with our neighbor and he has agreed on all fronts." That was recorded as a consequence of those meetings. [P20] himself had a contact who had a personal relationship with Conteh. The letter contains a list of wishes or a list of suggestions from Taylor in relation to the meeting with Conteh. At the time the border was closed, Taylor had expressed his wish to have the border controlled by joint forces in order to stop the importation of weapons. By 'our neighbor' he refers to Guinea. Mr. [P20] and his contact had a meeting with Conteh. You put it to me that they speak about the fact that Mr. [P21] of the EU is coming over. [P21] was some kind of director at the EU. The EU and Liberia did not have a very good relationship at the time. Mr. [P22] came and [P21] also came over several times. I talked to Mr. [P22]; the Foreign Affairs Minister of Liberia was also present at this meeting. The relationship between Liberia and the European Union has largely improved. The main issue was to reach peace between Liberia and Guinea. You ask me if I am aware of payments to [P20]. Yes. He had a 1 million dollar contract. He had already concluded that contract with the government. The examining magistrate asks me if he had a contract with the government and if I paid for it. I paid for it by another subtraction of taxes. I also took care of some expenses for [P22]. I believe I paid a ticket to Abidjan for him and maybe his food. I accompanied him. I went to Buchanan with him. 3. an official report of examination of the defendant on 03 May 2006, which includes - rendered concisely -: They always spoke about [alias P1] and [alias P1] was referred to as general. When I met him in 1997, he was working for a friend of mine, who owned a communications company in Liberia, with radio systems. Because of his abilities to operate the radio I hired him. I appointed him as buyer and gradually he developed along with the company over time. He had lots of connections. Until 1995 he was director of all communications. I think that is the reason why he received the title of general. After 1995 he left the war and became director of private communications for Charles Taylor. You ask me if the name [P23] rings a bell. We were supposed to get a new concession that belonged to [P23]. Star Timber was to start operations at that concession. She had contacts within the government. She would be able to arrange for that concession. We were in Northern Lofa where we were told to leave. We were looking for an alternative and then Taylor came up with Mrs. [P23]. You ask me if the name [P24] rings a bell. She is Taylor's daughter. You ask me why 60 out of the 500 shares of RTC were given to her. You tell me that it amounted to 12% of the shares. When we started to operate at the former Bomi Wood concession, people told us that the NPP of Taylor was the actual owner of that concession. It was common use in Liberia that the leading political party was the owner of a concession. The fact that those shares were made out in the name of [P24] probably had to do with the NPP. I already operated the former Bomi Wood concession before the war, which means before 1995. At a certain moment I said that I wanted to reactivate operations at that old concession. Then I was told that in the mean time that concession had come into possession of the National Patriotic Party. The NPP was to receive royalties from that so-called NPP concession. Consequently a dispute rose from this situation and it was said that I was appropriating that concession. 4. an official report of examination of the defendant on 04 May 2006, which includes - rendered concisely -: You ask me if OTC had control over the port of Buchanan at the time of the first arrival of a ship for OTC, which - as you tell me - was approximately in October/November 1999. I assume that OTC already had control over the port at that time. That must have been somewhere in the year 1999 indeed. You ask me if OTC managed the port from the moment the rental contract between OTC and the port had entered into force. No, MDC managed the port for OTC, while the NPA held the ownership of the port. MDC was part of OTC. You ask me if MDC decided who was given access to the port. The people of OTC were the ones who came to work in the port. If they were not allowed inside the port, the port management, being MDC, would have been the one to have given those instructions. MDC decided who had access to the port. MDC managed the entire port operations. If anyone wanted to ship something, he would have to go and see MDC. The "handling" costs for the entrance and departure of vessels also had to be paid to MDC. It is correct that the forklift trucks w