L.S. 549.44 Regolamenti dwar il-Protezzjoni tal-Flora, Fawna u Ambjenti Naturali

(1)The aim of these regulations is to contribute towards ensuring biodiversity in the territory of the Member States of the European Community through the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora in the Maltese Islands. Scope. Amended by: L.N. 164 of 2019.

(2)Measures taken pursuant to these regulations shall be designed to maintain or restore, at favourable conservation status, natural habitats and species of wild fauna and flora of Community interest, and shall take account of economic, social and cultural requirements and regional and local characteristics.

(3)These regulations provide the provisions required for the implementation in Malta of: (

1. a)Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora, (
2. b)2009/147/EC of 30 November 2009 on the Conservation of Wild Birds, (
3. c)the Convention on Biological Diversity, (
4. d)the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, (
5. e)the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of wild Animals, and (
6. f)the Protocol for Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean of the Barcelona Convention; they shall be read and construed as one with such legal instruments. PART I INTERPRETATION 3. For the purpose of these regulations and unless the context otherwise requires: "the Act" means the Environment Protection Act; "agreement" means an agreement, to which Malta is a party, entered into by a group of states reciprocally granting to citizens of such states or their dependants the right to enter, remain and reside in and leave the territory of such a state, to move freely within such Interpretation. Amended by: L.N. 164 of 2019. Cap. 549. 2 [ S.L.549.44 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION states for such a period as may be established in the agreement and to work or establish, provide or receive services therein; and "Agreement State" and "citizen of an Agreement State" shall be construed accordingly; and where a State is a party to such an Agreement subject to modifications and adaptations, a citizen of an A g r e e m e n t St a t e s h a l l b e s u b j e c t t o su ch m o d i f i c a t i o n s o r adaptations as may be prescribed; "alien" means a non-indigenous organism, which has never been a native of Malta or which has been introduced therein during the past five hundred years; "biological resources" includes genetic resources, organisms or parts thereof, populations, or any other biotic component of ecosystems with actual or potential use or value for humanity; "the competent authority" means the Environment and Resources Authority; "conservation" means a series of measures required to maintain or restore the natural habitats and the populations of species of wild fauna and flora at a favourable status as defined in the interpretation of "conservation status of a natural habitat" and "conservation status of a species"; "conservation status of a migratory species" means the sum of the influences acting on the migratory species that may affect its long-term distribution and abundance; "conservation status of a natural habitat" means the sum of the influences acting on a natural habitat and its typical species that may affect its long-term natural distribution, structure and functions as well as the long-term survival of its typical species within the territory referred to in regulation 2

(1). The conservation status of a natural habitat will be taken as "favourable" when: - its natural range and areas it covers within that range are stable or increasing, and - the specific structure and functions which are necessary for its long-term maintenance exist and are likely to continue to exist for the foreseeable future, and - the conservation status of its typical species is favourable as defined in the interpretation of conservation status of a species; "conservation status of a species" means the sum of the influences acting on the species concerned that may affect the longterm distribution and abundance of its populations within the territory referred to in regulation 2

(1). The conservation status will be taken as "favourable" when: - population dynamics data on the species concerned indicate that it is maintaining itself on a long-term basis as a viable component of its natural habitats, and - the natural range of the species is neither being FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION [ S.L.549.44 reduced nor is likely to be reduced for the foreseeable future, and - there is, and will probably continue to be, a sufficiently large habitat to maintain its populations on a long-term basis; "country of origin of genetic resources" means the country which possesses those genetic resources in in situ conditions; "country providing genetic resources" means the country supplying genetic resources collected from in situ sources, including populations of both wild and domesticated species, or taken from ex situ sources, which may or may not have originated in that country; "deliberate" means actions by a person who is reasonably expected to know, in light of general experience, that his action will most likely lead to an offence against a species, but he intends the action or consciously accepts the results of his action, even if not intended; "development notification order" means development notification orders issued under the Development Notification Order; S.L. 552.08 "Director" means the Director responsible for environment protection within the competent authority, or his designated representative; "domesticated or cultivated species" means species in which the evolutionary process has been influenced by humans to meet their needs; "endangered" means a species which is in danger of extinction and whose survival is unlikely if the causal factors continue operating. Included are species whose numbers have been severely depleted and reduced to a critical level or species whose habitat has been drastically reduced; "endemic" means those species found in Malta and which are either species of biogeographical importance or species whose native distribution range is limited to Malta only or to the Central Mediterranean region only, whereby the latter region includes Sicily and circum-Sicilian islands (including Pantelleria and the Pelagian Islands), the Maltese Islands and islands off Tunisia. Such endemic species also include possibly endemic species whose taxonomic status or identity requires further analysis; "ex situ conservation" means the conservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats; "general development order" means general development orders issued under the General Development Order, 1997 *; "genetic material" means any material of plant, animal, microbial or other origin containing functional units of heredity; "genetic resources" means genetic material of actual or potential *Revoked by L.N. 137 of 1997. L.N. 103 of 1997 3 4 [ S.L.549.44 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION value; "habitat of a species" means an environment defined by specific abiotic and biotic factors, in which the species lives at any stage of its biological cycle; "in situ conditions" means conditions where genetic resources exist within ecosystems and natural habitats, and, in the case of domesticated or cultivated species, in the surroundings where they have developed their distinctive properties; "in situ conservation" means the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings and, in the case of domesticated or cultivated species, in the surroundings where they have developed their distinctive properties; "invasive species" means an alien species whose establishment and spread threatens local biodiversity; "migratory species" means the entire population or any geographically separate part of the population of any species or lower taxon of wild animals, a significant proportion of whose members cyclically and predictably cross one or more national jurisdictional boundaries; "the Minister" means the Minister responsible for the environment; "natural habitats" means terrestrial or aquatic areas distinguished by geographic, abiotic and biotic features, whether entirely natural or semi-natural; "natural habitat types" means such habitat types listed in Schedule I and include those natural habitats: (a) which are in danger of disappearance in their natural range; or (b) which have a small natural range following their regression or by reason of their intrinsically restricted area; or (c) which present outstanding examples of typical characteristics of one or more of the seven following biogeographical regions: Alpine, Atlantic, Boreal, Continental, Micronesian, Mediterranean and Pannonian; or (d) those natural habitats types included in international treaties to which Malta is signatory or party; "Pan-European Ecological Network" means a coherent EuroMediterranean ecological network of special areas of conservation, and includes, amongst others, the National Ecological Network, the Emerald Network, set up in line with the obligations of the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, the List of Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Interest set up by the Protocol concerning Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean, and the Agreement States’ Natura 2000 Network; FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION [ S.L.549.44 "permit" means a permission issued in terms of these regulations; "protected sites" include special areas of conservation (SACs) and special protection areas (SPAs) declared through the provisions of these regulations; "priority natural habitat types" means natural habitat types in danger of disappearance which are present in the territory referred to in regulation 2

(1)and for the conservation of which Malta as a M e m b e r St a t e h a s p a r t i c u l a r r e s p o n s i b i l i t y i n v i e w o f t h e proportion of their natural range falling in the territory referred to in regulation 2

(1); these priority natural habitat types are indicated by an asterisk (*) in Schedule I; "priority species" means endangered species for the conservation of which Malta as a Member State has particular responsibility in view of the proportion of their natural range falling in territory referred to in regulation 2

(1); these priority species are indicated by an asterisk (*) in Schedule II; "rare" means a species with small populations that are not at present endangered or vulnerable, but are at risk. This includes species located within restricted geographical areas or that are thinly scattered over a more extensive range; "related regulations" includes the Filfla Nature Reserve Act, the Fungus Rock (il-Ġebla tal-Ġeneral) Nature Reserve Regulations, the Reptiles (Protection) Regulations, the Selmunett Islands (St. Paul’s Islands) Nature Reserve Regulations, the Marine Mammal ( P r o t e c t i o n ) R e g u l a t i o n s , t h e C o n s e r v a t i o n o f Wi l d B i r d s Regulations, the Trees and Woodland Protection Regulations, and including any other related legislation; "re-introduction" means the deliberate or accidental release of an organism into the environment of a given site or territory, which site or territory forms part of the natural distribution area of the organism in question. The said organism belongs to an extinct or endangered native species or taxon, which has previously been observed as a naturally occurring and self-sustaining population in historical times, but which has declined or disappeared as a result of human intervention or a natural disaster; "site" means a geographically defined area whose extent is clearly delineated, and includes the sea; "site of Community importance" means a site which, in the biogeographical region or regions to which it belongs, contributes significantly to the maintenance or restoration at a favourable conservation status of a natural habitat type in Schedule I or of a species in Schedule II and may also contribute significantly to the coherence of Natura 2000; and, or to the maintenance of biological diversity within the Mediterranean biogeographic region; "special area of conservation" or "SAC" means a protected area, and may either be of National Importance or of International Importance; "special area of conservation of National Importance" means a site designated under these regulations and which contributes significantly to the coherence of the National Ecological Network Cap. 323. S.L. 549.01 S.L. 549.01 S.L. 549.02 S.L. 549.03 S.L. 549.35 S.L. 549.42 S.L. 549. 123. 5 6 [ S.L.549.44 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION and the maintenance of biological diversity within Malta; "special area of conservation of International Importance" means a site designated through a statutory, administrative and, or contractual act, in the biogeographical region or regions to which it belongs, and where conservation measures are applied for the maintenance or restoration, at a favourable conservation status of a natural habitat type in Schedule I or of a species in Schedule II; S.L. 549.42 "special protection area" or "SPA" means an area designated for birds listed in Schedule I to the Conservation of Wild Birds Regulations; "species of biogeographical importance" means any species found in the Maltese Islands which is or possibly is of a relict nature or whose restricted distribution in the Mediterranean, and that contributes to the understanding of the spatial patterns of biodiversity in Malta, the Mediterranean, Europe and North Africa; "species of Community interest" means species within the territory referred to in regulation 2

(1)that are endangered, vulnerable, rare, endemic, or species requiring particular attention, or a priority species. Such species are listed or may be listed in either Schedule II or Schedule V, or in both; "species requiring particular attention" means species which by reason of the specific nature of their habitat and, or the potential impact of their exploitation on their habitat and, or the potential impact of their exploitation on their conservation status, may be at risk of becoming endangered; "specimen" means any animal or plant, in any stage of its life cycle, whether alive or dead, of the species listed in Schedules V, VI, VII and VIII, whether whole or in part, whether in the original form or after having undergone any transformation, and includes any construction made by them. It includes any part or derivative t h e r e o f , as w e ll a s a n y o th e r g o o d s w hi c h a p p e a r, f r o m a n accompanying document, the packaging or a mark or label, or from any other circumstances, to be parts or derivatives of animals or plants of those species; Cap.

1. "sustainable use" means the use of components of biological diversity in a way and at a rate that does not lead to the long-term decline of biological diversity, thereby maintaining its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of present and future generations; "Tribunal" means the Environment and Planning Review Tribunal as established in article 3 of the Environment and Planning Review Tribunal Act; "vulnerable" means a species believed or that is likely to become endangered in the near future if the causal factors continue operating. Administration.
2. The competent authority shall be responsible for the administration and implementation of these regulations. FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION [ S.L.549.44 PART II ECOLOGICAL NETWORKS 5.

(1)The competent authority shall set up a coherent ecological network of protected areas under the title of the National Ecological Network. Setting up of the National Ecological Network.

(2)Such network shall be composed of sites characterised by one or more of the following features: (

1. a)representative types of biodiversity of adequate size to ensure their long-term viability and to maintain their biological diversity; (
2. b)habitats which are in danger of disappearing in their natural area of distribution or which have a reduced natural area of distribution as a consequence of their regression or on account of their intrinsically restricted area; (
3. c)habitats critical to the survival, reproduction and recovery of endangered, threatened or endemic species of flora or fauna listed in Schedules II and III; (
4. d)any site where certain endemic, possibly endemic, native and, or potentially native species with a restricted distribution in the Maltese Islands occur; (
5. e)any site in the Maltese Islands where certain endemic, possibly endemic, native and, or potentially native species, communities and, or biotopes are found; (
6. f)any site which represents the type locality of a species or biotope, particularly if this species or biotope is endemic or possibly endemic; (
7. g)sites of particular importance because of their scientific, ecological, biodiversity, biogeographical, zoological, botanical, aesthetic, cultural, landscape or educational interest; (
8. h)sites forming part of the Natura 2000 network, set up through the provisions of regulation 6; (
9. i)any site which the competent authority may consider as having relevant features but which are not listed above. 6.

(1)The competent authority shall also contribute to the setting up of a coherent European ecological network of special areas of conservation, established under the title of Natura 2000 by way of Article 3 of the European Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora. This network shall include (

1. a)sites designated as special areas of conservation of international importance in terms of these regulations; (
2. b)sites designated as special protection areas in terms of these regulations; Natura 2000. 7 8 [ S.L.549.44 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION (
3. c)sites hosting the natural habitat types listed in Schedule I; S.L. 549.42 (
4. d)sites hosting the bird species listed in Schedule I to the Conservation of Wild Birds Regulations; (
5. e)habitats of the species listed in Schedule II, and shall enable the natural habitat types and the species’ habitats concerned to be maintained or, where appropriate, restored at a favourable conservation status in their natural range.

(2)The competent authority shall contribute to the creation of Natura 2000: (a) in proportion to the representation within its territory of natural habitat types and the habitats of species referred to in subregulation

(1); (b) by designating relevant sites as special areas of conservation of international importance or special protection areas, taking account of the objective set out in subregulation

(1), in accordance with Part III to these regulations. Ecological coherence of Natura

2. Where considered necessary, the competent authority may improve the ecological coherence of Natura 2000 by maintaining, and where appropriate developing, features of the landscape, which are of major importance for wild fauna and flora, as referred to in regulation 14

(9). Designation of Special Areas of Conservation. 8.

(1)With the aim of extending the European ecological network, and also on the basis of these regulations, the competent authority shall propose, to relevant international institutions or organisations, the list of SACs of International Importance to be compiled in accordance with the provisions of regulation 9.

(2)The list shall be transmitted to the relevant international institutions, organisations and Agreement States, together with information on each site. This information shall include a map of the site, its name, location, extent and the data resulting from the application of these regulations. PART III PROTECTED SITES Selection of sites eligible for identification as SACs of national or of international importance. Amended by: L.N. 164 of 2019. 9.

(1)On the basis of the criteria set out in Schedule IV (Stage 1) and relevant scientific information, the competent authority shall, from time to time, propose a list of sites indicating with respect to each site which natural habitat types in Schedule I and which species in Schedules II and III that are native to Malta are hosted by the sites in question: Provided that for animal species ranging over wide areas these sites shall correspond to the places within the natural range of such species which present the physical or biological factors essential to their life and reproduction: Provided also that for aquatic species, which range over wide areas, such sites will be proposed only where there is a clearly identifiable area representing the physical and biological factors FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION [ S.L.549.44 9 essential to their life and reproduction.

(2)Once a site has been identified by the competent authority in accordance with the procedure laid down in the provisions of Schedule IV, the competent authority shall designate that site as a Special Area of Conservation as soon as possible, establishing priorities in the light of the importance of the sites: (

1. a)for the maintenance or restoration, at a favourable conservation status, of a natural habitat type in Schedule I; (
2. b)for the maintenance or restoration, at a favourable conservation status, of a species in Schedule II; (
3. c)for the maintenance or restoration, at a favourable conservation status of species in Schedule III; (
4. d)for the coherence of the Natura 2000 Network and the Pan-European Ecological Network; (
5. e)with respect to the threats of degradation or destruction to which those sites and species they support are exposed.

(3)The competent authority shall furthermore distinguish between those special areas of conservation, which, in the opinion o f t h e c o m p e t e n t a u t h o r i t y, a r e o f N a t i o n a l I m p o r t a n c e o r International Importance.

(4)Without prejudice to sub-regulations

(1)and

(2), the competent authority may also propose sites of national importance in view of the ecological, geological and natural features of the site in line with the provisions of the Act. Added by: L.N. 164 of 2019. 10.

(1)Bird species mentioned in Schedule I of the Conservation of Wild Birds Regulations are to be subject to special conservation measures concerning their habitat in order to ensure their survival and reproduction in their area of distribution. Species subject to special conservation measures. S.L. 549.42

(2)In order to implement subregulation

(1), the competent authority shall, in particular, classify the most suitable territories in number and size as Special Protection Areas for the conservation of these species, taking into account their protection requirements in the land and marine areas of Malta. Declaration of Special Protection Areas.

(3)Such areas are to take into account species listed in Schedule I to the Conservation of Wild Birds Regulations that are in danger of extinction, species vulnerable to specific changes in their habitat, species considered rare because of small populations or restricted local distribution and other species requiring particular attention for reasons of the specific nature of their habitat. Trends and variations in population levels shall be taken into account as a background for evaluations.

(4)The competent authority shall take similar measures for regularly occurring migratory species not listed in Schedule I to the Conservation of Wild Birds Regulations, bearing in mind their need for protection in the land and marine areas of Malta, as regards their breeding, moulting and wintering areas and staging posts S.L. 549.42 S.L. 549.42 10 [ S.L.549.44 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION along their migration routes. To this end, the competent authority shall pay particular attention to the protection of wetlands and particularly to wetlands of international importance. Publication of protected sites. Amended by: L.N. 164 of 2019. 11.

(1)Upon the identification by the competent authority of: (

1. a)a site as a new SAC or SPA; or (
2. b)an extension of an existing SAC or SPA, in accordance with the provisions of regulations 9 and 10 as applicable, the details of such site or sites shall be published in the Gazette: Provided that the details of a site which has already been identified in the Gazette through this regulation shall not require republication.

(2)As soon as the competent authority either places a site on the list referred to in regulation 9

(1), or is declared as a SAC or SPA in terms of subregulation

(1), it shall be subject to the provisions of these regulations. Notification to owners. Amended by: L.N. 94 of 2010; L.N. 164 of 2019. 12.

(1)The competent authority shall also notify any one of the owners of: (

1. a)any site which has been designated as a new SAC or SPA; or (
2. b)any extension of an existing SAC or SPA, of its inclusion in the list, and shall also affix such a copy of the notice on site. If none of such owners is known, or if it is not reasonably possible to effect service on such owners, the said notice shall only be affixed on site and no service on such owners as aforesaid need be made: Provided that for extensions of existing SACs or SPAs the notification process shall be limited to those sites within the extension area.

(2)The requirement to notify owners of a site as provided under sub-regulation

(1)shall not apply for sites for which such a notification process had already been carried out. Registration.

(3)The protected site list shall be registered in an index held for the purpose specified in subregulation

(1). The said index shall be held in an electronic form in such a way that research to determine the status of a site may be carried out. The Authority shall keep a copy of the said index in the office of the Land Registry and shall issue a certificate, which indicates the status of a particular site on the payment of such fee as may be prescribed.

(4)For the purpose of this regulation, "site" shall also include a single property or more than one property, irrespective of who is the owner of that property, which forms part of the site, which is, designated a SAC or SPA.

(5)The competent authority or site managers as authorised by the competent authority and, or holding a management agreement in line with regulations 15 and 16, shall also affix an information FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION [ S.L.549.44 11 panel at any site declared as a SAC or SPA to provide general information on the site. 13.

(1)The competent authority shall issue guidelines for the management and conservation of protected sites. Competent authority to issue guidelines.

(2)The protected sites may be zoned by the competent authority in such a way as to have different categories of protected sites, according to the management requirements set by the competent authority.

(3)Each protected site may be encircled by the competent authority by a buffer zone or a management area: Provided that such buffer zone or management area may contain representative communities or species worth of protection, and may not necessarily be a rural area. It may also include, manmade or man-induced ecosystems, which are subject to the same or limited management provisions as the categorised protected site or sites.

(4)The competent authority shall ensure that the buffer zone should be large enough to screen, minimise and, or absorb the impact of detrimental activities occurring in nearby non-protected sites.

(5)The protection of protected sites may be further achieved either through the publishing of relevant regulations under the Act or related Acts, or via administrative and, or contractual agreements made with the competent authority. 14.

(1)The competent authority shall establish the necessary conservation measures required for protected sites.

(2)The competent authority shall take appropriate steps to avoid, in the protected sites, the deterioration of natural habitats and the habitats of species, as well as the disturbance of the species for which the areas have been designated, in so far as such disturbance could be significant in relation to the objectives of these regulations.

(3)In relation to SPAs, the competent authority shall also strive to avoid pollution or deterioration of habitats outside the SPAs.

(4)The competent authority may issue a management plan for the said protected sites, which shall include planning, management, supervision and monitoring measures in line with the protection category or categories assigned to the protected site in question. Such measures may include for each protected site as appropriate: (

1. a)a long-term ecological vision for the protected site and the related terrestrial, coastal and marine communities, and provisions for biodiversity protection, zoning, public awareness and education, management, performance evaluation and any other activities required by the competent authority; (
2. b)the legal and institutional framework and protection measures applicable; (
3. c)the continual monitoring of ecological processes, Management plans and appropriate action for conservation. 12 [ S.L.549.44 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION habitats, population dynamics, landscapes, as well as the impact of human activities; (
4. d)the active involvement of local communities and populations, as appropriate, in the management of the protected site, including assistance to local inhabitants who might be affected by the establishment of such area; (
5. e)the adoption of mechanisms for financing the promotion and management of the protected site, as well as the development of activities which ensure that management is compatible with the objectives of conservation of such area; (
6. f)the regulation of activities compatible with the objectives for which the protected site was established and the terms of the related permits; and (
7. g)the training of managers and qualified technical personnel, as well as the development of an appropriate infrastructure for its management.

(5)The competent authority shall promote and enforce the management of the protected site and its use in a sustainable manner, depending on the categories of protected site included in the protected site: Provided that such management or use shall not compromise the structure and function of biodiversity, including the land areas, coastal areas, submerged lands and water column, with which they are associated.

(6)The competent authority shall review the management plans of each SAC or SPA at least every five years, and regularly assess the state of the protected site and the progress made in the implementation of the management plan and these regulations.

(7)The competent authority shall ensure that national management plans or contingency plans incorporate measures for responding to incidents that could cause damage or constitute a threat to the protected site.

(8)When protected sites covering both land and marine areas have been established, the competent authority shall endeavour to ensure the coordination of the administration and management of the protected site as a whole.

(9)The competent authority may develop policies in respect of the conservation of the natural beauty and amenity of the land which are of major importance for wild fauna and flora, with a view to improving the ecological coherence of the National Ecological Network, the Natura 2000 Network and the Pan-European Ecological Network. Management agreement. Amended by: L.N. 164 of 2019. 15.

(1)For the purposes of the management of protected sites, the competent authority may enter into a management agreement with every owner, lessee or occupier of land forming part of such areas for the management, conservation, restoration or protection of the site, or any part of it. FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION

(2)[ S.L.549.44 13 A management agreement may provide for: (

1. a)the management of the land, whether in public ownership or in private ownership, and for the carrying out thereon of such work and the doing thereon of such other things as may be expedient for the purposes of conservation: Provided that in the case of land in public ownership the consent of the Commissioner of Land is obtained beforehand; (
2. b)any of the matters mentioned in paragraph (
3. a)being carried out, or for the costs thereof being defrayed, either by the said owner or other persons or by the competent authority or through monies made available through the Environment Fund, or partly in one way and partly in another.

(3)Such a management agreement shall be registered in the land registry and shall be enforceable at the instance of the competent authority against any person having an interest in the land and against any person deriving title from him. 15A. Without prejudice to any other regulation, the competent authority shall: (

1. a)ensure a streamline approach to management agreements, management plans and conservation orders; Additional powers. Added by: L.N. 164 of 2019. (
2. b)regulate the implementation of management agreements, management plans and conservation orders in line with the priorities of the concerned site, as established by the competent authority; and (
3. c)regularly review the implementation of management agreements, management plans and conservation orders, audit their progress, and adapt and renew them, as necessary. 16. Any management agreement previously entered into by the competent authority or by government in relation to a site, which on or after the commencement of these regulations becomes a special area of conservation, shall have effect as if entered into under regulation 15. Continuation in force of existing management agreements. 17.

(1)The competent authority may make in respect of any site, within a protected site, a conservation order to contribute towards ensuring the protection of biodiversity through the conservation of natural habitats and of wild flora or fauna and to maintain and restore natural habitats and species of wild flora and fauna or geological, geomorphological or physiographic features. The conservation order shall specify those operations or activities which appear to the competent authority likely to destroy or damage the flora, fauna, or habitat by reason of which the site is a protected site, including its geological, geomorphological or physiographic features. Power to make conservation orders.

(2)The competent authority shall publish such details of such a Amended by: L.N. 164 of 2019. 14 [ S.L.549.44 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION conservation order in the Gazette and on the competent authority’s website. The competent authority shall also notify any one of the owners of any site subject of a conservation order, and shall also affix such a notice on site. If none of such owners is known, or if it is not reasonably possible to effect service on such owners, the said notice shall only be affixed on site and no service on such owners as aforesaid need be made. Notice of such conservation order shall be registered in an index held for that purpose. The said index shall be held in an electronic form in such a way that researches to determine whether a site is subject to an order may be carried out.

(3)The competent authority shall provide the details of the relevant protected sites under these regulations to the Lands Authority.

(4)Upon request, the competent authority shall issue a certificate which indicates the status of a particular site on the payment of such fee as may be prescribed.

(5)A conservation order made under this regulation may contain such conditions and other provisions, as the competent authority may deem necessary or expedient; and a conservation order may regulate any matter affecting the site. Conservation orders may be amended or revoked by a further order.

(6)In respect of any site within a special area of conservation or a special protection area the competent authority shall also have power to require the owner, by notice in writing, to undertake such works generally, or as may be specified in the notice, as may be necessary to ensure that no further deterioration occurs. In default, the competent authority may give a further notice to the owner to carry out and complete the works within a specified time, and if the owner is still in default it may itself carry out, or cause to be carried out, the necessary works and recover the cost thereof from the owner of the site.

(7)For the purpose of this regulation, "site" includes a single property or more than one property, irrespective of who is the owner of that property, which forms part of the site, which is subject to a conservation order. Protection Notice. Added by: L.N. 164 of 2019. 17A.

(1)The competent authority may issue a protection notice in the Gazette to notify the public about the protection of a site for the conservation or protection of the environment through the protection of particular habitats, species or categories thereof, as well as other natural features within the site concerned.

(2)The protection notice shall be published in the Gazette and on the competent authority’s website and shall be valid for a definite or indefinite period, as stipulated in the protection notice itself.

(3)The protection notice may contain any condition or provision, as the competent authority may deem necessary, to ensure the conservation of the habitat, species, category or feature for which the notice was issued or to ensure that no further deterioration of such FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION [ S.L.549.44 15 habitats, species or features occurs. Such conditions may include the control and eradication of invasive species, prohibitions on the carrying out of any activity and, or works in the concerned site.

(4)Any land owner who feels aggrieved by the issuance of a protection notice by the Authority, may appeal to the Tribunal for a revocation or modification of the concerned protection notice in accordance to the provisions of the Act. 18.

(1)Without prejudice to the provisions of the Conservation of Wild Birds Regulations, no person shall carry out in any site within a SAC or SPA, any operation or activity, unless the operation or activity is carried out, or caused or permitted to be carried out, by the owner or occupier of the site and one of them has given the competent authority written notice of a proposal to carry out the operation or activity, specifying its nature and the site on which it is proposed to carry it out and such proposal has been approved by the competent authority. Restrictions on operations and activities. Amended by: L.N. 164 of 2019. S.L. 549.42.

(2)The competent authority shall notify the applicant of its consent or otherwise for the carrying out of such operation or activity. A consent granted by the competent authority under this regulation may contain such conditions and other provisions it deems fit and appropriate to impose. The competent authority may furthermore regulate such an operation or activity in a management agreement validly entered into in accordance with the provisions of regulation 15.

(3)For the purpose of this regulation, "operation or activity" refers to any operation or activity related to development, or any endeavour, which is envisaged to have impact on biodiversity and the SAC or SPA. 19.

(1)Where it appears to the competent authority that an application for consent under these regulations relates to an operation or activity which is or forms part of a plan or project which (

1. a)is not directly connected with or necessary to the management of the protected site, and (
2. b)is likely to have a significant effect thereon, either individually or in combination with other plans or projects, the competent authority shall make, or require the applicant to make, an appropriate assessment, of the implications of the operation or activity on the site in view of the site’s conservation objectives. In the light of the conclusions of the assessment of the implications for the site and subject to the provisions of subregulation

(2), the competent authority may give consent to the operation or activity only after having ascertained that the plan or project will not adversely affect the integrity of the site concerned and if appropriate, after having obtained and taken into account the opinion of the general public and representations made within such reasonable time as the competent authority may specify. Supplementary provisions as to consents. 16 [ S.L.549.44 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION

(2)If, in spite of a negative assessment of the implications for the site and the competent authority being satisfied that there being no alternative solutions, a plan or project must nevertheless be carried out for imperative reasons of overriding public interest, which subject to the subsequent subregulation, may be of a social or economic nature, the competent authority may give its consent for the operation or activity to be carried out.

(3)Where the competent authority gives such consent under this regulation, it shall take all compensatory measures necessary to ensure that the overall coherence of Natura 2000 is protected. It shall inform the Commission of the compensatory measures adopted.

(4)Where the SAC concerned hosts a priority natural habitat type and, or a priority species, the reasons referred to in the previous subregulation must be either: (

1. a)reasons relating to human health, public safety or beneficial consequences of primary importance for the environment, or (
2. b)other reasons which in the opinion of the Commission are imperative reasons of overriding public interest. Development permission. Cap. 552. General development orders. S.L. 552.08 20. The provisions of regulation 19 shall mutatis mutandis apply in the consideration of applications for developm ent p e r m i s s i o n a ff e c t i n g p r o t e c t e d s i t e s a n d o n d e t e r m i n i n g a reconsideration or appeal under the provisions of the Development Planning Act. Similarly an outline development permit shall not be granted unless the competent authority is satisfied (whether by reason of the conditions and limitations to which the outline permission is to be made subject, or otherwise) that no development that is likely to effect the integrity of the protected site in an adverse manner could be carried out under the permission, whether before or after obtaining approval of any reserved matters. 21.

(1)It shall be a condition of any development consent granted or deemed to be granted by the provisions of the Development Notification Order or by a General Development Order issued by the competent authority, whether made before or after the coming into force of these regulations, that development which (

1. a)is likely to have a significant effect on the protected site (either alone or in combination with other plans or projects), and (
2. b)is not directly connected with or necessary to the management of the site, shall not commence or continue until the developer has received written notification of the consent of the competent authority under regulation 22.

(2)The provisions of this regulation shall not apply to such sites designated as a SAC of national importance. FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION [ S.L.549.44 22.

(1)Where it is intended to carry out development in reliance upon the consent granted or deemed to be granted by the provisions of the Development Notification Order or by a General D e v e l o p m e n t O r d e r i s s u e d b y t h e c o m p e t e n t a u t h o r i t y, a n application shall be made in writing to the competent authority.

(2)The application shall: Development Notification Order and General Development Orders approval of competent authority. S.L. 552.08 (

1. a)give details of the development which is intended to be carried out; and (
2. b)be accompanied by any fee required to be paid.

(3)The competent authority shall consider the application in accordance with the provisions of regulation 21.

(4)Where the competent authority considers that it has sufficient information to conclude that the development will, or will not have such an effect, it may proceed to make, or require the applicant to make an appropriate assessment of the implications of the development for the special area of conservation in view of the site’s conservation objectives.

(5)If the competent authority considers that it has insufficient information to reach either of these conclusions, it shall notify the applicant in writing indicating in what respects it considers the information insufficient; and the applicant may supply further information with a view to enable the competent authority to reach a decision on the application.

(6)In the light of the conclusions of the assessment referred to in subregulation

(4), the competent authority shall approve the development only after having ascertained that it will not adversely affect the integrity of the site.

(7)The provisions of this regulation shall not apply to such sites designated as a SAC of national importance. 23.

(1)The competent authority may, having regard to the provisions of these regulations and other material considerations, by notice served on the owner or occupier of any site, require any existing use or activity or any works to be discontinued or any building, plant, equipment or other thing whatsoever to be removed from any site, or requiring both such discontinuance and removal.

(2)Where a discontinuance or removal order is made in respect of any activity, works or use, or of a building, plant, equipment or other thing lawfully carried on or in existence on the site mentioned in the notice before the commencement of these regulations, or which was started or came into existence after the commencement of these regulations in accordance with a development permission issued under the Development Planning Act, the competent authority shall be liable to pay compensation for any losses sustained as a result of the notice: Provided that any benefits derived from the same notice shall be offset against the losses aforesaid. 17 Other powers. Cap. 552. 18 [ S.L.549.44 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION PART IV PROTECTION OF SPECIES Protection of flora. Amended by: L.N. 164 of 2019. 24.

(1)No person shall deliberately pick, collect, cut, uproot, destroy or damage in any way any specimen of species of flora listed in Schedules V(b) and VI(b), or in any way create adverse conditions which could affect such specimens. S.L. 549.38

(2)Without prejudice to the Trade in Species of Fauna and Flora Regulations, no person shall keep, transport, sell or exchange by any method, import or export any specimen of species of flora listed in Schedules V (b) and VI (b) unless he is in possession of a prior official permit from the competent authority or Director as appropriate.

(3)The prohibitions referred to in subregulations

(1)and

(2)shall apply to all stages of the biological cycle of the plants to which this regulation applies. Protection of fauna. Amended by: L.N. 164 of 2019. S.L. 549.38 25.

(1)Without prejudice to the related regulations and the Trade in Species of Fauna and Flora Regulations: (

1. a)no person shall pursue, take or attempt to take, deliberately capture, kill or attempt to kill, deliberately destroy, keep, transport, by any method sell, buy, exchange, offer for sale or for exchange, import or export any specimens of species listed in the Schedules V(
2. a)and VI(a), expect for those taken legally before their inclusion in the Schedules, and unless he is in possession of a prior official permit from the competent authority. (
3. b)no person shall deliberately disturb any species listed in Schedules V (
4. a)and VI (
5. a)particularly during periods of breeding, rearing, hibernation and migration; (
6. c)the destruction and deterioration of breeding sites or resting places for those animal species listed in Schedules V (
7. a)and VI (
8. a)is prohibited; (
9. d)the prohibition referred to in paragraphs (a), (
10. b)and (
11. c)shall apply to all stages of life of the animals to which this regulation applies; (
12. e)the deliberate destruction or taking off eggs from the wild is also prohibited.

(2)The competent authority shall set up a system to monitor the incidental capture and killing of the animal species listed in Schedules V (a) and VI (a). In the light of the information gathered, the competent authority shall carry out further research or conservation measures as required to ensure that incidental capture and killing does not have a significant negative impact on the species concerned. Protection of endemic species. 26.

(1)All endemic species are protected, except for those species listed in Schedule X. FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION [ S.L.549.44

(2)Without prejudice to regulations 24 and 25, the related r e g u l a t i o n s a n d t h e Tr a d e i n S p e c i e s o f F a u n a a n d F l o r a Regulations, no person shall deliberately pick, collect, cut, uproot, destroy, pursue, take or attempt to take, damage in any way, capture, kill or attempt to kill, keep, transport, by any method sell, buy, exchange, offer for sale or for exchange, import or export any specimen of all endemic species not listed in Schedule X, unless he is in possession of a prior official permit from the competent authority or Director as appropriate. 19 Related regulations. S.L. 549.38

(3)No person shall deliberately disturb any endemic species, except for those species listed in Schedule X, particularly during periods of reproduction, seeding, fruiting and fruit-shedding, breeding, rearing, hibernation or migration.

(4)The prohibition referred to in subregulations

(2)and

(3)shall apply to all stages of life and biological cycle of the flora or fauna to which this regulation applies. 26A.

(1)When the competent authority is of the opinion that a species has an unfavourable conservation status or has a conservation status trend which is in decline, the competent authority may issue a species protection notice and may take further steps for the protection of such species as it deems necessary. The notice shall be valid for a definite or indefinite period, as stipulated in the species protection notice itself. Species protection notice. Added by: L.N. 164 of 2019.

(2)Species protection notice made under this regulation may contain such conditions or other provisions as the competent authority may deem necessary or expedient for the protection of the species, which may include prohibitions on the carrying out activities and, or works which may potentially cause harm. The competent authority shall publish the details of such species protection notice in the Gazette and on the competent authority’s website. 27.

(1)If, in the light of the surveillance provided for in these regulations the competent authority deems it necessary, it shall take any measures to ensure that the taking in the wild of specimen of species of wild fauna and flora listed in Schedules VII and VIII as well as their exploitation is compatible with their being maintained at a favourable conservation status.

(2)Such measures may also include in particular: (

1. a)issuance of the protection notice referred to in regulation 17A and species protection notice in regulation 26A; (
2. b)temporary or local prohibition of the taking of specimen in the wild and exploitation of certain populations; (
3. c)regulation of the periods and, or methods of taking specimen; (
4. d)application, when specimen are taken, of hunting and fishing rules which take account of the conservation of such populations; Control of exploited species. Amended by: L.N. 164 of 2019. 20 [ S.L.549.44 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION (
5. e)establishment of a system of licences for taking specimen or of quotas; (
6. f)regulation of the purchase, sale, offering for sale, keeping for sale or transport for sale of specimen; (
7. g)breeding in captivity of animal species as well as artificial propagation of plant species, under strictly controlled conditions, with a view to reducing the taking of specimen of the wild; (
8. h)any other measure deemed necessary by the competent authority; and (
9. i)an assessment of the effect of the measures adopted. PART V INTRODUCTION AND RE-INTRODUCTION OF SPECIES Control of alien species. S.L. 549.38 Amended by: L.N. 164 of 2019. 28.

(1)Without prejudice to regulation 6

(1)and

(2)of the Trade in Species of Fauna and Flora Regulations, the competent authority may prohibit the importation and, or keeping of any species of flora and fauna, if in its opinion, this importation and, or keeping can harm or lead to the endangering of biodiversity of Malta, or for other reasons in the national interest. S.L. 549.42

(2)Without prejudice to the Conservation of Wild Birds Regulations, the competent authority may take all necessary measures to prevent, control, and monitor the introduction of organisms belonging to alien species with the potential to establish populations into the environment and, or prejudice the local flora and fauna.

(3)Without prejudice to subregulations

(1)and

(2), and in o r d e r t o i m p l e m e n t f u r t h e r su b r e g u l a t i o n s

(1)a n d

(2), t h e competent authority shall compile and publish a list of those species that are invasive or deemed to be invasive to Malta, known as the list of species which are detrimental to the environment. S.L. 549.38

(4)Without prejudice to the Trade in Species of Fauna and Flora Regulations, no person shall import, transport, keep, breed, propagate, sow, plant, sell or exchange by any method, any of the species in the list mentioned in sub-regulation

(3).

(5)Without prejudice to regulation 43, no person shall deliberately release or attempt to release, maintain and, or in any way intentionally assist the establishment or potential establishment, of a species included in the list referred to in subregulation

(3), into natural habitats without prior authorisation by the competent authority, or allow the escape of such species into natural habitats as a result of negligence.

(6)The competent authority may, within such time as it determines, order any owner or occupier of a site in which invasive species are sited to remove, uproot, eradicate, kill or destroy any such specimen, where such removal would, in the authority’s opinion, constitute an environmental improvement.

(7)The competent authority may request or issue a works method statement to ensure that an order issued under sub- FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION [ S.L.549.44 21 regulation

(6)is executed with minimal damage to biodiversity or to the surrounding environment.

(8)The competent authority may implement the required intervention, in part or in full, as it deems most appropriate, at the expense of the person who fails to comply with an order issued under sub-regulation

(6).

(9)If the owner or occupier of the site where invasive species are located is unknown, the competent authority may publish the order in the Gazette and may implement the required intervention at its own expense after ninety

(90)days from the publication of the order, without prejudice to its right to reclaim any expenses due in terms of sub-regulation

(8)once such person is identified: Provided that, in instances which require immediate action, the competent authority may implement the required intervention, in part or in full, as it deems most appropriate, without prejudice to its right to reclaim any expenses incurred once such person is identified.

(10)The competent authority may develop eradication or control plans and related programmes aimed at monitoring, preventing and controlling the introduction of established alien species, invasive species and those alien species with the potential to establish populations and become invasive into the environment.

(11)The competent authority may issue guidelines on the keeping, monitoring, prevention, control, and eradication measures of established alien species. 29.

(1)The competent authority shall carry out a study to assess the desirability of re-introducing species in Schedules II and III that are native to Malta, where this might contribute to their conservation. Re-introduction of species.

(2)Prior to re-introducing a species into the natural environment, particularly if it is an endemic species or a species listed in Schedules II, III, V and VI, or any species of bird which does not occur in the wild state in Malta, the competent authority shall commission, or request to be commissioned, a study to establish whether such re-introduction contributes effectively to reestablishing such species at a favourable conservation status.

(3)Such study is to take into account the experience of Agreement States.

(4)The competent authority shall carry out any re-introduction only after proper consultation with public concerned.

1. Without prejudice to the provisions of regulation 49, the competent authority shall take all possible measures, where practical, for the return of protected specimen from the person illegally keeping the specimen. All expenses made in connection with the carrying out of such measures should be borne by the person, persons or body found guilty of illegal possession and trade. Return of protected species. 22 [ S.L.549.44 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION PART VI CAPTURE AND KILLING METHODS Prohibited use of means of capture and killing and modes of transport. Amended by: L.N. 164 of
2. 31.

(1)It shall be prohibited to use any indiscriminate means and forms of capture capable of causing the local disappearance of, or serious disturbance to: (

1. i)populations of species listed in Schedule VII(a); or (
2. ii)populations of mammals listed under Schedule VI(a); or (iii) populations of species listed in Schedule V(a), in cases where derogations are issued for the taking, capture or killing of such species.

(2)The use of the means of capture and killing listed in Schedule XI(a) is prohibited.

(3)Any form of capture and killing from modes of transport referred to in Schedule XI (

1. b)is prohibited. PART VII CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE Strategy and programme development. S.L. 549.27 32. The competent authority shall: (
2. a)develop a national strategy and other relevant policies and plans, action plans and related programmes aimed for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity; (
3. b)adapt existing strategies, plans or programmes to reflect, inter alia, the measures set out in these regulations, the related regulations and the Convention on Biological Diversity (Incorporation) Regulations; (
4. c)as far as possible and as appropriate, integrate the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity into relevant sectoral or cross-sectoral plans, programmes and policies; and (
5. d)promote the integration of conservation policies and sustainable use of biodiversity in plans, programmes and policies prepared by other authorities. In situ conservation. 33. The competent authority shall, as far as possible and as appropriate: (
6. a)rehabilitate and restore degraded ecosystems and promote the recovery of threatened species, inter alia, through the development and implementation of plans or other management strategies; (
7. b)prevent the introduction of, control or eradicate those alien species which threaten ecosystems, habitats or species, in line with the provisions set in these regulations and the related regulations; and (
8. c)endeavour to provide the conditions needed for FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION compatibility between present uses conservation of biological diversity sustainable use of its components. and and [ S.L.549.44 23 the the 34. The competent authority shall, as far as possible and as appropriate, and predominantly for the purpose of complementing in situ measures: Ex situ conservation. (
9. a)promote measures for the ex situ conservation of components of biological diversity, preferably in the country or island of origin of such components; (
10. b)promote the establishment and maintenance of facilities for ex situ conservation of and research on plants, animals and micro-organisms; (
11. c)adopt measures for the recovery and rehabilitation of threatened species and for their re-introduction into their original natural habitats under appropriate conditions; and (
12. d)regulate, manage or liase with managers of biological resource collections for ex situ conservation purposes so as not to threaten ecosystems and in situ populations of species, except where special temporary ex situ measures are required under paragraph (c). 35. The competent authority shall, as far as possible and as appropriate: (
13. a)take measures to integrate consideration of the conservation and sustainable use of biological resources into national decision-making; Sustainable use of components of biological diversity. (
14. b)adopt codes of practice, guidelines or measures relating to the use of biological resources so as to avoid or minimise adverse impacts on biodiversity; (
15. c)protect and encourage customary use of biological resources in accordance with traditional cultural practices that are compatible with conservation or sustainable use requirements; (
16. d)support local populations to develop and implement remedial actions in degraded areas where biological diversity has been reduced; and (
17. e)encourage co-operation between governmental authorities and private sector in developing methods for sustainable use of biological resources. PART VIII ACCESS TO GENETIC RESOURCES 36.

(1)Without prejudice to the Trade in Species of Fauna and Flora Regulations, and the Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits arising from their Utilisation Regulations and the related regulations, access to wild fauna and flora to countries other than Malta shall be subject to Substituted by: L.N. 379 of

1. Access to genetic resources. Substituted by: L.N. 379 of
2. S.L. 549.38 S.L. 549.111 24 [ S.L.549.44 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION prior informed consent of the competent authority, provided that wild birds and pathogens are excluded from this provision. S.L. 549.111 Nature of genetic resources. Substituted by: L.N. 379 of 2016.

(2)Access, where granted, shall be on mutually agreed terms and subject to the provisions of the Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits arising from their Utilisation Regulations. 37. For the purpose of these regulations, the genetic resources being provided by Malta are only those genetic resources for which Malta is the country of origin or that Malta is a country providing genetic resources, having acquired such genetic resources in accordance with the provisions of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, done at Rio de Janeiro on the fifth day of June 1992. PART IX SURVEILLANCE AND MONITORING Identification, surveillance and monitoring. 38. The competent authority shall, as far as possible and as appropriate, in particular for the purposes of these regulations and the related regulations: (

1. a)undertake surveillance and monitoring of biodiversity and the conservation status of the natural habitats and species, with particular regard to priority natural habitat types and priority species; (
2. b)identify components of biodiversity important for its conservation and sustainable use having regard to the indicative list of categories set down in Schedule IX; (
3. c)monitor the components of biodiversity identified pursuant to paragraph (b), paying particular attention to those requiring urgent conservation measures and those which offer the greatest potential for sustainable use; (
4. d)identify processes and categories of activities which have or are likely to have significant adverse impacts on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, and monitor their effects; (
5. e)assess the status, dynamics and seasonal movements of the populations of the protected species concerned; and (
6. f)National database on biodiversity. S.L. 549.39 maintain and organise, by any mechanism, data derived from identification and monitoring activities pursuant to paragraphs (a), (b), (
7. c)and (d). 39.

(1)The competent authority shall set up national inventories aimed for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, in order to maintain and organise data resulting from the application of these regulations and the related regulations.

(2)As far as practically possible, these inventories shall be digitised and made freely available to the public, subject to the provisions of the Freedom of Access to Information on the FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION [ S.L.549.44 25 Environment Regulations. PART X COMMUNICATIONS AND RESEARCH 40.

(1)The competent authority shall promote education and general information on the need to protect species of wild fauna and flora and to conserve their habitats and natural habitats. Communications, education, public awareness.

(2)In this respect, the competent authority, shall promote and encourage: (

1. a)appropriate publicity to the establishment of protected sites, their boundaries, applicable regulations, and to protected species and their habitats; (
2. b)the understanding of the importance of, and the measures required for, the conservation, protection and management of biodiversity; (
3. c)the inclusion of biodiversity protection and management, the interest and value of protected sites and protected species, the scientific knowledge which may be gained from the point of view of nature conservation, and other relevant points of view in appropriate education programmes; (
4. d)the dissemination of information on biodiversity protection held by the competent authority, and that this is made available according to the provisions set by the Freedom of Access to Information on the Environment Regulations; S.L. 549.39 (
5. e)public participation in measures that are necessary for the protection of the areas and species concerned; and (
6. f)co-operation, as appropriate, with national bodies and entities, Agreement States and international organisations in developing educational and public awareness programmes, with respect to conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. 41.

(1)The competent authority shall promote national and international research and scientific co-operation in the field of conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, where necessary, through the appropriate national and international institutions.

(2)The necessary research and scientific work with regards to the objectives and obligations of these regulations and the related regulations shall be encouraged. Particular attention is to be given to scientific work necessary for the implementation of regulations 5 to 29, taking into account transboundary co-operative research between countries. Research and scientific cooperation. 26 [ S.L.549.44 Establishment of a clearing-house mechanism. S.L. 549.39 S.L. 549.27 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION 42. The competent authority shall establish a clearing-house mechanism to promote and facilitate communication, education and public awareness, as well as technical and scientific research and co-operation, in line with provisions of these regulations, the related regulations, the Freedom of Access to Information on the Environment Regulations, and the Convention on Biological Diversity (Incorporation) Regulations. PART XI PERMITTING AND PENALTIES Permits. 43. The competent authority may issue a permit prior to: (

1. a)the taking and, or keeping of any specimen, (
2. b)the introduction and, or re-introduction of species, (
3. c)the import and, or export of any specimen or species, (
4. d)bona fide scientific studies, (
5. e)bona fide educational studies, and (
6. f)without prejudice to the provisions of Part III of these regulations, on any operation or activity regulated through these regulations: Provided that the competent authority shall not issue such a permit if such activities threaten any specimen, protected site, sites or species of national importance and of international importance or the biodiversity of Malta. Derogations. Amended by: L.N. 164 of 2019. 44. Further to regulation 43, provided that where there is no satisfactory alternative and a derogation to these regulations is not detrimental to the maintenance of the populations of the species concerned at a favourable conservation status in their natural range, the competent authority may derogate from the provisions of Part VI of these regulations, and, or Part IV of these regulations for the species listed in Schedules V and VII only, through a permit, and: (
7. a)in the interest of protecting wild fauna and flora and conserving natural habitats; (
8. b)to prevent serious damage, in particular to crops, livestock, forests, fisheries and water and other types of property; (
9. c)in the interests of public health and public safety, or for other imperative reasons of overriding public interest, including those of a social or economic nature and beneficial consequences of primary importance for the environment; or (
10. d)for the purpose of research and education, of repopulating and re-introducing these species and for the breeding operations necessary for these purposes, including the artificial propagation of plants; or (
11. e)to allow, under strictly supervised conditions, on a selective basis and to a limited extent, the taking or keeping of certain specimens of the species listed in Schedules V and VI in limited numbers specified by the FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION [ S.L.549.44 27 competent authority. 45.

(1)The person requesting a permit for activities referred to in regulations 43 and 44, hereinafter referred to as the applicant, shall submit in writing an application to the competent authority prior to carrying out such activities. Application criteria.

(2)In order to enable the competent authority to assess a request for permission, the application: (

1. a)shall be accompanied by the relevant documents and any other requisite information as specified and required by the competent authority; (
2. b)shall indicate whether the application corresponds under any one of the following criteria: - - - are already proposed in an application for a permit, clearance or licence made under the Environment Protection Act or the Development Planning Act, which is still being processed, amended, reconsidered or appealed in accordance with any of the aforementioned Acts; would prejudice the merits of such processing, reconsideration or appeal; would prejudice the merits of a request for any clearance or licence required by the aforementioned Acts, or would prejudice the merits of an appeal from a decision thereon; are counter to the provisions of regulation 44; would prejudice any enforcement case, court case or other cases currently sub judice. 46.

(1)The competent authority may amend, suspend or revoke any permit and, or other such authorisation instruments for activities that are consistent with these regulations.

(2)Whenever the competent authority issues a permit, it may impose such conditions, as it may deem fit and appropriate.

(3)Whenever the competent authority refuses such permission, it shall inform the applicant the reasons for such refusal.

(4)Without prejudice to any other obligations and conditions laid down by the competent authority, a permit holder is obliged to submit within a month from the expiry of the permit or at the end of the calendar year, whichever is the earliest: (

1. a)a detailed report of the activities undertaken; (
2. b)the aim and what field of work or activity was carried out; (
3. c)the methodology employed; (
4. d)the outcome and results achieved in connection with the permit.

(5)A copy of any published results and other publications relevant to this permit shall reach the competent authority within Cap. 549 Cap.

1. Supplementary provisions. Amended by: L.N. 53 of
2. 28 [ S.L.549.44 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION three months from the date of publication.

(6)Deleted by Legal Notice 53 of 2025.

(7)The competent authority shall not issue or renew any permit if the applicant in question has not fulfilled or honoured any of the conditions or obligations arising from any other permit issued by the competent authority under these regulations and, or the related regulations.

(8)The Director may, on behalf of the competent authority, in cases of emergency or grave danger, issue a temporary permit for any of the activities mentioned in regulations 43 and 44, and in so doing he may issue any such directives he may deem fit. Public register. 47. Details of persons, public entities and other institutions having been granted a permit in connection with these regulations together with the details of conditions imposed in such permissions shall be maintained in a register available for public inspection or maintained in electronic form. Confidential information. S.L. 549.39 48.

(1)Where its disclosure affects one or more of the items m entioned in the F reedom of Access to Information on the Environment Regulations, the applicant may indicate the information in the permit application submitted pursuant to these regulations that should be treated as confidential. Verifiable justification must be given in such cases.

(2)The competent authority shall decide, after consultation with the applicant, which information shall be kept confidential and shall inform the applicant of its decision.

(3)In no case may the following information be kept confidential: (

1. a)the name and address of the applicant, (
2. b)the institution, if any, requiring the permit, (
3. c)the species, biotope, natural habitat, site, area or SAC involved, (
4. d)the aim and purpose of the application, (
5. e)the benefits arising from the permit, (
6. f)the possible impacts on local biodiversity, including the species, biotope, natural habitat, or area involved, (
7. g)the evaluation of foreseeable effects, in particular any harmful effects on the environment.

(4)The competent authority shall not divulge to third parties any information decided to be confidential according to subregulation

(2), and shall protect intellectual property rights relating to the data received.

(5)If, for whatever reasons, the applicant withdraws the application, the competent authority must respect the confidentiality of the information supplied. FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION [ S.L.549.44 49.

(1)Any person (

1. a)who fails to observe the provisions of these regulations or of any other lawful order given by virtue of any provision of these regulations, or (
2. b)who infringes any restriction, prohibition or need imposed by these regulations or by virtue thereof, or (
3. c)who fails to observe any condition of a permit or consent granted under the provisions of these regulations, or (
4. d)who acts in contravention of any provision of these regulations, or (
5. e)who makes a statement or presents information or documentation, which such person knows to be false for the purpose of obtaining the approval of a permit or derogation in line with Part III, Part VI and, or regulation 43, or (
6. f)who conspires or attempts to conspire, aids or attempts to aid, abets or attempts to abet, counsels or attempts to counsel, procures or attempts to procure any other person to contravene the provisions of these regulations, or to fail from complying with any one of these provisions, including any lawful order given by virtue of any provision of these regulations, or to infringe any restriction, prohibition or need imposed by these regulations or by virtue thereof, shall be guilty of an offence against these regulations.

(2)Any person who commits, or attempts to commit an offence against regulations 24, 25, 26, 28 and 29 of these regulations shall, on conviction, be liable: (

1. a)in the case of a first offence, a fine (multa) of not less than four hundred and sixty-five euro and eighty-seven cents (€465.87) for each specimen, but not exceeding two thousand and three hundred and twenty-nine euro and thirty-seven cents (€2,329.37) for each specimen; (
2. b)in the case of a second or subsequent offence, a fine (multa) of not less than one thousand and one hundred and sixty-four euro and sixty-nine cents (€1,164.69) for each specimen, but not exceeding four thousand and six hundred and fifty-eight euro and seventy-five cents (€4,658.75) for each specimen, or imprisonment for a period not exceeding two years, or both such fine and imprisonment: Provided that any such fines do not together exceed the limits imposed by the Act.

(3)Any person who commits, or attempts to commit an offence against regulations 17A, 18 or 26A, or fails to observe the provisions laid down in a conservation order shall, on conviction, be liable: 29 Offences and penalties. Amended by: L.N. 426 of 2007; L.N. 164 of 2019. 30 [ S.L.549.44 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION (

1. a)in the case of a first offence, a fine (multa) of not less than five hundred euro (€500), but not exceeding five thousand euro (€5,000); (
2. b)in the case of a second or subsequent offence, a fine (multa) of not less than one thousand euro (€1,000), but not exceeding twenty thousand euro (€20,000), or imprisonment for a period not exceeding two years, or both such fine and imprisonment.

(4)Any person who commits, or attempts to commit an offence against regulation 31 shall, on conviction, be liable: (

1. a)in the case of a first offence, a fine (multa) of not less than five hundred euro (€500), but not exceeding five thousand euro (€2,500); (
2. b)in the case of a second or subsequent offence, a fine (multa) of not less than one thousand euro (€1,000), but not exceeding five thousand euro (€5,000), or imprisonment for a period not exceeding two years, or both such fine and imprisonment.

(5)Any person who commits or attempts to commit an offence against regulations 19, 36, 43 and 48

(3)shall, on conviction, be liable: (

1. a)in the case of a first offence, a fine (multa) of not less than two thousand and three hundred and twenty-nine euro and thirty-seven cents (€2,329.37) but not exceeding twenty-three thousand and two hundred and ninety-three euro and seventy-three cents (€23,293.73); (
2. b)in the case of a second or subsequent offence, a fine (multa) of not less than four thousand and six hundred and fifty-eight euro and seventy-five cents (€4,658.75), but not exceeding forty-six thousand and five hundred and eighty-seven euro and forty-seven cents (€46,587.47), or imprisonment for a period not exceeding two years, or both such fine and imprisonment.

(6)Any person who commits or attempts to commit an offence against any provision in a management plan shall on conviction be liable to a fine (multa) of not less than two thousand five hundred euro (€2,500) and not exceeding sixty thousand euro (€60,000), and if the offender persists in the offence for more than three

(3)months, also to imprisonment for a term of not less than three

(3)months and not exceeding two

(2)years.

(7)The Court shall order the offender to remove the causes of the offence and to undo anything which was done without a permit within a time sufficient for the purpose, but in any case not exceeding three months from the date of judgement, to be fixed by the Court; and, if the offender fails to comply with any such order within the time so fixed, he shall be liable to a fine (multa) of not less than fifty-eight euro and twenty-three cents (€58.23) and not more than one hundred and sixteen euro and forty-seven cents FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION [ S.L.549.44 31 (€116.47), as the Court may fix, for every day that the default continues after the expiration of the said time.

(8)Any person who has been found guilty of committing an offence against these regulations shall also pay for the expenses incurred for the keeping and transport of specimen, for remedying the damage caused by the said infringement, and for any other expense incurred or mitigation measures required to remedy such doings, damage and infringement.

(9)The provisions of article 23 and 30

(1)of the Criminal Code shall, mutatis mutandis, apply to proceedings in respect of offences against these regulations, so however that the disqualification from holding or obtaining a licence, permit or authority shall in no case be for less than one year.

(10)Notwithstanding the provisions of article 370 of the C r i m i n a l C o d e , p r o c e e d i n g s f o r a n o ff e n c e a g a i n s t t h e s e regulations shall be taken before the Court of Magistrates (Malta) or the Court of Magistrates (Gozo), as the case may be, and shall be in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Code regulating the procedure before the said courts as courts of criminal judicature.

(11)Notwithstanding the provisions of the Criminal Code, the Attorney General shall always have a right of appeal to the Court of Criminal Appeal from any judgement given by the Court of Magistrates (Malta) or the Court of Magistrates (Gozo), in respect of proceedings for any offence against these regulations. Cap. 9. Cap. 9. Cap. 9. PART XII OTHER PROVISIONS 50. The provisions of these regulations shall not apply in cases of defence and national security, public safety and health, salvage operations and the investigation of offences. Non-applicability of these regulations. [ S.L.549.44 32 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION SCHEDULE I Substituted by: L.N. 162 of 2009; L.N. 322 of 2013. NATURAL HABITAT TYPES WHOSE CONSERVATION REQUIRES THE DESIGNATION OF SPECIAL AREAS OF CONSERVATION Interpretation Guidance on the interpretation of habitat types is given in the latest updated version of the ‘Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats’ as approved by the committee set up under Article 20 of Directive 92/43/EEC (‘Habitats Committee) and published by the European Commission. The code corresponds to the NATURA 2000 code. The sign “*” indicates priority habitat types. 1. COASTAL AND HALOPHYTIC HABITATS 11. Open sea and tidal areas 1110 Sandbanks which are slightly covered by sea water all the time 1120 *Posidonia beds (Posidonion oceanicae) 1130 Estuaries 1140 Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at lowtide 1150 *Coastal lagoons 1160 Large shallow inlets and bays 1170 Reefs 1180 Submarine structures made by leaking gases 12. Seacliffs and shingle or stony beaches 1210 Annual vegetation of drift lines 1220 Perennial vegetation of stony banks 1230 Vegetated seacliffs of the Atlantic and Baltic Coasts 1240 Vegetated seacliffs of the Mediterranean coasts with endemic Limonium spp. 1250 Vegetated seacliffs with endemic flora of the Macaronesian coasts 13. Atlantic and continental salt marshes and salt meadows 1310 Salicornia and other annuals colonizing mud and sand 1320 Spartina swards (Spartinion maritimae) 1330 Atlantic salt meadows (Glauco-Puccinellietalia maritimae) 1340* Inland salt meadows 14. Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic salt marshes and salt meadows 1410 Mediterranean salt meadows (Juncetalia maritimi) 1420 Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic halophilous scrubs (Sarcocornetea fruticosi) 1430 Halo-nitrophilous scrubs (Pegano-Salsoletea) FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION [ S.L.549.44 33 15. Salt and gypsum in land steppes 1510 *Mediterranean salt steppes (Limonietalia) 1520 *Iberian gypsum vegetation (Gypsophiletalia) 1530 *Pannonic salt steppes and salt marshes 16. Boreal Baltic archipelago, coastal and land upheaval areas 1610 Baltic esker islands with sandy, rocky and shingle beach vegetation and sublittoral vegetation 1620 Boreal Baltic islets and small islands 1630 *Boreal Baltic coastal meadows 1640 Boreal Baltic sandy beaches with perennial vegetation 1650 Boreal Baltic narrow inlets 2. COASTAL SAND DUNES AND INLAND DUNES 21. Sea dunes of the Atlantic, North Sea and Baltic coasts 2110 Embryonic shifting dunes 2120 Shifting dunes along the shoreline with Ammophila arenaria (“white dunes”) 2130 *Fixed coastal dunes with herbaceous vegetation (“grey dunes”) 2140 *Decalcified fixed dunes with Empetrum nigrum 2150 *Atlantic decalcified fixed dunes (Calluno-Ulicetea) 2160 Dunes with Hippophaë rhamnoides 2170 Dunes with Salix repens ssp. argentea (Salicion arenariae) 2180 Wooded dunes of the Atlantic, Continental and Boreal region 2190 Humid dune slacks 21A0 Machairs (*in Ireland) 22. Sea dunes of the Mediterranean coast 2210 Crucianellion maritimae fixed beach dunes 2220 Dunes with Euphorbia terracina 2230 Malcolmietalia dune grasslands 2240 Brachypodietalia dune grasslands with annuals 2250 *Coastal dunes with Juniperus spp. 2260 Cisto-Lavenduletalia dunes sclerophyllous scrubs 2270 *Wooded dunes with Pinus pinea and/or Pinus pinaster 23. Inland dunes, old and decalcified 2310 Dry sand heaths with Calluna and Genista 2320 Dry sand heaths with Calluna and Empetrum nigrum 2330 Inland dunes with open Coryephorus and Agrostis grasslands 2340 *Pannonic inland dunes 3. FRESHWATER HABITATS 34 [ S.L.549.44 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION 31. Standing water 3110 Oligotrophic waters containing very few minerals of sandy plains (Littorelletalia uniflorae) 3120 Oligotrophic waters containing very few minerals generally on sandy soils of the West Mediterranean, with Isoetes spp. 3130 Oligotrophic to mesotrophic standing waters with vegetation of the Littorelletea uniflorae and/or of the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea 3140 Hardoligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp. 3150 Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition-type vegetation 3160 Natural dystrophic lakes and ponds 3170 *Mediterranean temporary ponds 3180 *Turloughs 3190 Lakes of gypsum karst 31A0 *Transylvanian hot-spring lotus beds 32. Running water - sections of water courses with natural or semi-natural dynamics (minor, average and major beds) where the water quality shows no significant deterioration 3210 Fennoscandian natural rivers 3220 Alpine rivers and the herbaceous vegetation along their banks 3230 Alpine rivers and their ligneous vegetation with Myricaria germanica 3240 Alpine rivers and their ligneous vegetation with Salix eleagnos 3250 Constantly flowing Mediterranean rivers with Glaucium flavum 3260 Water courses of plain to montane levels with the Ranunculion fluitanis and Callitricho-Batrachion vegetation 3270 Rivers with muddy banks with Chenopodion rubri p.p. and Bidention p.p. vegetation 3280 Constantly flowing Mediterranean rivers with Paspalo-Agrostidion species and hanging curtains of Salix and Populus alba 3290 Intermittently flowing Mediterranean rivers of the Paspalo-Agrostidion 32A0 Tufa cascades of karstic rivers in the Dinaric Alps 4. TEMPERATE HEATH AND SCRUB 4010 Northern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix 4020 *Temperate Atlantic wet heaths with Erica ciliaris and Erica tetralix 4030 European dry heaths 4040 *Dry Atlantic coastal heaths with Erica vagans 4050 *Endemic macaronesian heaths 4060 Alpine and Boreal heaths 4070 *Bushes with Pinus mugo Rhododendretum hirsuti) 4080 Sub-Arctic Salix spp. Scrub and Rhododendron hirsutum (Mugo- [ S.L.549.44 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION 4090 35 Endemic oro-Mediterranean heaths with gorse 40A0 *Subcontinental peri-Pannonic scrub 40B0 Rhodope Potentilla fruticosa thickets 40C0 *Ponto-Sarmatic deciduous thickets 5. SCLEROPHYLLOUS SCRUB (MATORRAL) 51. Sub-Mediterranean and temperate scrub 5110 Stable xerothermophilous formations with Buxus sempervirens on rock slopes (Berberidion p.p.) 5120 Mountain Cytisus purgans formations 5130 Juniperus communis formations on heaths or calcareous grasslands 5140 *Cistus palhinhae formations on maritime wet heaths 52. Mediterranean arborescent matorral 5210 Arborescent matorral with Juniperus spp. 5220 *Arborescent matorral with Zyziphus 5230 *Arborescent matorral with Laurus nobilis 53. Thermo-Mediterranean and pre-steppe brush 5310 Laurus nobilis thickets 5320 Low formations of Euphorbia close to cliffs 5330 Thermo-Mediterranean and pre-desert scrub 54. Phrygana 5410 West Mediterranean subulatae) 5420 Sarcopoterium spinosum phryganas 5430 Endemic phryganas of the Euphorbio-Verbascion clifftop phryganas (Astragalo-Plantaginetum 6. NATURAL AND SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND FORMATIONS 61. Natural grasslands 6110 *Rupicolous calcareous or basophilic grasslands of the Alysso-Sedion albi 6120 *Xeric sand calcareous grasslands 6130 Calaminarian grasslands of the Violetalia calaminariae 6140 Siliceous Pyrenean Festuca eskia grasslands 6150 Siliceous alpine and boreal grasslands 6160 Oro-Iberian Festuca indigesta grasslands 6170 Alpine and subalpine calcareous grasslands 6180 Macaronesian mesophile grasslands 6190 Rupicolous panonic grasslands (Stipo-Festucetalia pallentis) 62 Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies 6210 Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia)(*important orchid sites) 36 [ S.L.549.44 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION 6220 *Pseudo-steppe with grasses and annual soft Thero-Brachypodietea 6230 *Species-rich Nardus grasslands, on silicious substrates in mountain areas (and submountain areas in Continental Europe) 6240 *Sub-Pannonic steppic grasslands 6250* Pannonic loess steppic grasslands 6260 *Pannonics and steppes 6270 *Fennoscandian lowland species-rich dry to mesic grasslands 6280 *Nordic alvar and precambrian calcareous flatrocks 62A0 Eastern sub-Mediterranean dry grasslands (Scorzoneratalia villosae) 62B0 *Serpentinophilous grassland of Cyprus 62C0 *Ponto-Sarmatic steppes 62D0 Oro-Moesian acidophilous grasslands 63. Sclerophillous grazed forests (dehesas) 6310 Dehesas with evergreen Quercus spp. 64. Semi-natural tall-herb humid meadows 6410 Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae) 6420 Mediterranean tall humid grasslands of the Molinio-Holoschoenion 6430 Hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities of plains and of the montane to alpine levels 6440 Alluvial meadows of river valleys of the Cnidion dubii 6450 Northern boreal alluvial meadows 6460 Peat grasslands of Troodos 65. Mesophile grasslands 6510 Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis) 6520 Mountain hay meadows 6530 *Fennoscandian wooded meadows 6540 Sub-Mediterranean grasslands of the Molinio-Hordeion secalini 7. RAISED BOGS AND MIRES AND FENS 71. Sphagnum acid bogs 7110 *Active raised bogs 7120 Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration 7130 Blanket bogs (*if active bog) 7140 Transition mires and quaking bogs 7150 Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion 7160 Fennoscandian mineral-rich springs and springfens 72. Calcareous fens 7210 *Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION [ S.L.549.44 7220 *Petrifying springs with tufa formation (Cratoneurion) 7230 Alkaline fens 7240 *Alpine pioneer formations of the Caricion bicoloris-atrofuscae 73. Boreal mires 7310 *Aapa mires 7320 *Palsa mires 37 8. ROCKY HABITATS AND CAVES 81. Scree 8110 Siliceous scree of the montane to snow levels (Androsacetalia alpinae and Galeopsietalia ladani) 8120 Calcareous and calcshist screes of the montane to alpine levels (Thlaspietea rotundifolii) 8130 Western Mediterranean and thermophilous scree 8140 Eastern Mediterranean screes 8150 Medio-European upland siliceous screes 8160 *Medio-European calcareous scree of hill and montane levels 82. Rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation 8210 Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation 8220 Siliceous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation 8230 Siliceous rock with pioneer vegetation of the Sedo-Scleranthion or of the Sedo albi-Veronicion dillenii 8240 *Limestone pavements 83. Other rocky habitats 8310 Caves not open to the public 8320 Fields of lava and natural excavations 8330 Submerged or partially submerged sea caves 8340 Permanent glaciers 9. FORESTS (Sub)natural woodland vegetation comprising native species forming forests of tall trees, with typical undergrowth, and meeting the following criteria: rare or residual, and/or hosting species of Community interest 90. Forests of Boreal Europe 9010 *Western Taïga 9020 *Fennoscandian hemiboreal natural old broad-leaved deciduous forests (Quercus, Tilia, Acer, Fraxinus or Ulmus) rich in epiphytes 9030 *Natural forests of primary succession stages of land upheaval coast 9040 Nordic subalpine/subarctic forests with Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii 9050 Fennoscandian herb-rich forests with Picea abies 9060 Coniferous forests on, or connected to, glaciofluvial eskers 38 [ S.L.549.44 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION 9070 Fennoscandian wooded pastures 9080 *Fennoscandian deciduous swamp woods 91. Forests of Temperate Europe 9110 Luzulo-Fagetum beech forests 9120 Atlantic acidophilous beech forests with Ilex and sometimes also Taxus in the shrublayer (Quercion robori-petraeae or Ilici-Fagenion) 9130 Asperulo-Fagetum beech forests 9140 Medio-European subalpine beech woods with Acer and Rumex arifolius 9150 Medio-European limestone beech forests of the Cephalanthero-Fagion 9160 Sub-Atlantic and medio-European oak or oak-hornbeam forests of the Carpinion betuli 9170 Galio-Carpinetum oak-hornbeam forests 9180 *Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines 9190 Old acid ophilous oak woods with Quercus robur on sandy plains 91A0 Old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in the British Isles 91B0 Thermophilous Fraxinus angustifolia woods 91C0* Caledonian forest 91D0 *Bog woodland 91E0 *Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (AlnoPadion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) 91F0 Riparian mixed forests of Quercus robur, Ulmus laevis and Ulmus minor, Fraxinus excelsior or Fraxinus angustifolia, along the great rivers (Ulmenion minoris) 91G0 *Pannonic woods with Quercus petraea and Carpinus betulus 91H0 *Pannonian woods with Quercus pubescens 91I0 *Euro-Siberian steppic woods with Quercus spp. 91J0 *Taxus baccata woods of the British Isles 91K0 Illyrian Fagus sylvatica forests (Aremonio-Fagion) 91L0 Illyrian oak-hornbeam forests (Erythronio-Carpinion) 91M0 Pannonian-Balkanic turkey oak - sessile oak forests 91N0 *Pannonic inland sand dune thicket (Junipero-Populetum albae) 91P0 Holy Cross fir forest (Abietetum polonicum) 91Q0 Western Carpathian calcicolous Pinus sylvestris forests 91R0 Dinaric dolomite Scots pine forests (Genisto januensis-Pinetum) 91S0 *Western Pontic beech forests 91T0 Central European lichen Scots pine forests 91U0 Sarmatic steppe pine forest 91V0 Dacian Beech forests (Symphyto-Fagion) 91W0 Moesian beech forests [ S.L.549.44 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION 39 91X0 *Dobrogean beech forests 91Y0 Dacian oak & hornbeam forests 91Z0 Moesian silver lime woods 91AA *Eastern white oak woods 91BA Moesian silver fir forests 91CA Rhodopide and Balkan Range Scots pine forests 92. Mediterranean deciduous forests 9210 *Apeninne beech forests with Taxus and Ilex 9220 *Apennine beech forests with Abies alba and beech forests with Abies nebrodensis 9230 Galicio-Portuguese oak woods with Quercus robur and Quercus pyrenaica 9240 Quercus faginea and Quercus canariensis Iberian woods 9250 Quercus trojana woods 9260 Castanea sativa woods 9270 Hellenic beech forests with Abies borisii-regis 9280 Quercus frainetto woods 9290 Cupressus forests (Acero-Cupression) 92A0 Salix alba and Populus alba galleries 92B0 Riparian formations on intermittent Mediterranean watercourses with Rhododendron ponticum, Salix and others 92C0 Platanus orientalis and Liquidambar orientalis woods (Platanion orientalis) 92D0 Southern riparian galleries Securinegion tinctoriae) and thickets (Nerio-Tamaricetea 93. Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests 9310 Aegean Quercus brachyphylla woods 9320 Olea and Ceratonia forests 9330 Quercus suber forests 9340 Quercus ilex and Quercus rotundi folia forests 9350 Quercus macrolepis forests 9360 *Macaronesian laurel forests (Laurus, Ocotea) 9370 *Palm groves of Phoenix 9380 Forests of Ilex aquifolium 9390 *Scrub and low forest vegetation with Quercus alnifolia 93A0 Woodlands with infectoriae) Quercus infectoria (Anagyro and foetidae-Quercetum 94. Temperate mountainous coniferous forests 9410 Acidophilous Picea forests of the montane to alpine levels (VaccinioPiceetea) 40 [ S.L.549.44 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION 9420 Alpine Larix decidua and/or Pinus cembra forests 9430 Subalpine and montane Pinus uncinata forests (*if on gypsum or limestone) 95. Mediterranean and Macaronesian mountainous coniferous forests 9510 *Southern Apennine Abies alba forests 9520 Abies pinsapo forests 9530 *(Sub-) Mediterranean pine forests with endemic black pines 9540 Mediterranean pine forests with endemic Mesogean pines 9550 Canarian endemic pine forests 9560 *Endemic forests with Juniperus spp. 9570 *Tetraclinis articulata forests 9580 *Mediterranean Taxus baccata woods 9590 *Cedrus brevifolia forests (Cedrosetum brevifoliae) 95A0 High oro-Mediterranean pine forests SCHEDULE II Substituted by: L.N. 162 of 2009; L.N. 322 of 2013. ANIMAL AND PLANT SPECIES OF COMMUNITY INTEREST WHOSE CONSERVATION REQUIRES THE DESIGNATION OF SPECIAL AREAS OF CONSERVATION Interpretation (

1. a)Schedule II follows on from Schedule I for the establishment of a consistent network of special areas of conservation of international importance. (
2. b)The species listed in this Schedule are indicated: • by the Scientific name of the species or subspecies, or • by all the species belonging to a higher taxon or to a designated part of that taxon. Where required, scientific synonyms of each species or lower taxon are included in brackets after the scientific name. These are included to facilitate interpretation of the scientific information provided. Other references to taxa higher than genus and/or species are for the purposes of information or classification only. (
3. c)Symbols and Abbreviations • An asterisk (*) before the name of a species or subspecies indicates that it is a priority species. • The abbreviation 'spp.' after the name of a family or genus designates all the species belonging to that family or genus. • Most species listed in this schedule are also listed in Schedule V. Where a species appears in this Schedule but does not appear in either FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION [ S.L.549.44 41 Schedule V or Schedule VII, the species name is followed by the symbol (o); where a species which appears in this schedule also appears in Schedule V but does not appear in Schedule VII, its name is followed by the symbol (V). (
4. a)ANIMALS VERTEBRATES MAMMALS INSECTIVORA TALPIDAE Galemys pyrenaicus CHIROPTERA RHINOLOPHIDAE Rhinolophus blasii Rhinolophus euryale Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Rhinolophus hipposideros Rhinolophus mehelyi VESPERTILIONIDAE Barbastella barbastellus Miniopterus schreibersi Myotis bechsteini Myotis blythii Myotis capaccinii Myotis dasycneme Myotis emarginatus Myotis myotis Pteropodidae Rousettus aegyptiacus RODENTIA GLIRIDAE Myomimus roachi SCIURIDAE * Marmota marmota latirostris * Pteromys volans (Sciuropterus russicus) Spermophilus citellus (Citellus citellus) * Spermophilus suslicus (Citellus suslicus) CASTORIDAE Castor fiber (except the Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Finnish and Swedish populations) 42 [ S.L.549.44 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION CRICETIDAE Mesocricetus newtoni MICROTIDAE Dinaromys bogdanovi Microtus cabrerae * Microtus oeconomus arenicola * Microtus oeconomus mehelyi Microtus tatricus ZAPODIDAE Sicista subtilis CARNIVORA CANIDAE * Alopex lagopus * Canis lupus (except the Estonian population; Greek populations: only south of the 39th parallel; Spanish populations: only those south of the Duero; Latvian, Lithuanian and Finnish populations). URSIDAE * Ursus arctos (except the Estonian, Finnish, and Swedish populations) MUSTELIDAE * Gulo gulo Lutra lutra Mustela eversmannii * Mustela lutreola Vormela peregusna FELIDAE Lynx lynx (except the Estonian, Latvian and Finnish populations) * Lynx pardinus PHOCIDAE Halichoerus grypus (V) * Monachus monachus Phoca hispida bottnica (V) * Phoca hispida saimensis Phoca vitulina (V) ARTIODACTYLA CERVIDAE * Cervus elaphus corsicanus Rangifer tarandus fennicus (
5. o)BOVIDAE FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION [ S.L.549.44 43 * Bison bonasus Capra aegagrus (natural populations) * Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica Ovis gmelini musimon (Ovis ammon musimon) (natural populations Corsica and Sardinia) Ovis orientalis ophion (Ovis gmelini ophion) * Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata (Rupicapra rupicapra ornata) Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica * Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica CETACEA Phocoena phocoena Tursiops truncatus REPTILES CHELONIA (TESTUDINES) TESTUDINIDAE Testudo graeca Testudo hermanni Testudo marginata CHELONIIDAE * Caretta caretta * Chelonia mydas EMYDIDAE Emys orbicularis Mauremys caspica Mauremys leprosa SAURIA LACERTIDAE Dinarolacerta mosorensis Lacerta bonnali (Lacerta monticola) Lacerta monticola Lacerta schreiberi Gallotia galloti insulanagae * Gallotia simonyi Podarcis lilfordi Podarcis pityusensis SCINCIDAE Chalcides simonyi (Chalcides occidentalis) GEKKONIDAE 44 [ S.L.549.44 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION Phyllodactylus europaeus OPHIDIA (SERPENTES) COLUBRIDAE * Coluber cypriensis Elaphe quatuorlineata Elaphe situla * Natrix natrix cypriaca VIPERIDAE * Macrovipera schweizeri (Vipera lebetina schweizeri) Vipera ursinii (except Vipera ursinii rakosiensis and Vipera ursinii macrops) * Vipera ursinii macrops * Vipera ursinii rakosiensis AMPHIBIANS CAUDATA SALAMANDRIDAE Chioglossa lusitanica Mertensiella luschani (Salamandra luschani) * Salamandra aurorae (Salamandra atra aurorae) Salamandrina terdigitata Triturus carnifex (Triturus cristatus carnifex) Triturus cristatus (Triturus cristatus cristatus) Triturus dobrogicus (Triturus cristatus dobrogicus) Triturus karelinii (Triturus cristatus karelinii) Triturus montandoni Triturus vulgaris ampelensis PROTEIDAE * Proteus anguinus PLETHODONTIDAE Hydromantes (Speleomantes) ambrosii Hydromantes (Speleomantes) flavus Hydromantes (Speleomantes) genei Hydromantes (Speleomantes) imperialis Hydromantes (Speleomantes) strinatii Hydromantes (Speleomantes) supramontes ANURA DISCOGLOSSIDAE * Alytes muletensis FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION [ S.L.549.44 45 Bombina bombina Bombina variegata Discoglossus galganoi (including Discoglossus ‘jeanneae’) Discoglossus montalentii Discoglossus sardus RANIDAE Rana latastei PELOBATIDAE * Pelobates fuscus insubricus FISH PETROMYZONIFORMES PETROMYZONIDAE Eudontomyzon spp. (
6. o)Lampetra fluviatilis (V) (except the Finnish and Swedish populations) Lampetra planeri (
7. o)(except the Estonian, Finnish, and Swedish populations) Lethenteron zanandreai (V) Petromyzon marinus (
8. o)(except the Swedish populations) ACIPENSERIFORMES ACIPENSERIDAE * Acipenser naccarii * Acipenser sturio CLUPEIFORMES CLUPEIDAE Alosa spp. (V) SALMONIFORMES SALMONIDAE Hucho hucho (natural populations) (V) Salmo macrostigma (
9. o)Salmo marmoratus (
10. o)Salmo salar (only in freshwater) (V) (except the Finnish populations) COREGONIDAE * Coregonus oxyrhynchus (anadromous populations in certain sectors of the North Sea) UMBRIDAE Umbra krameri (
11. o)CYPRINIFORMES CYPRINIDAE 46 [ S.L.549.44 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION Alburnus albidus (
12. o)(Alburnus vulturius) Aulopyge huegelii (
13. o)Anaecypris hispanica Aspius aspius (V) (except the Finnish populations) Barbus comiza (V) Barbus meridionalis (V) Barbus plebejus (V) Chalcalburnus chalcoides (
14. o)Chondrostoma genei (
15. o)Chondrostoma knerii (
16. o)Chondrostoma lusitanicum (
17. o)Chondrostoma phoximus (
18. o)Chondrostoma polylepis (
19. o)(including C. willkommi) Chondrostoma soetta (
20. o)Chondrostoma toxostoma (
21. o)Gobio albipinnatus (
22. o)Gobio kessleri (
23. o)Gobio uranoscopus (
24. o)Iberocypris palaciosi (
25. o)* Ladigesocypris ghigii (
26. o)Leuciscus lucumonis (
27. o)Leuciscus souffia (
28. o)Pelecus cultratus (V) Phoxinellus spp. (
29. o)* Phoxinus percnurus Rhodeus sericeus amarus (
30. o)Rutilus pigus (V) Rutilus rubilio (
31. o)Rutilus arcasii (
32. o)Rutilus macrolepidotus (
33. o)Rutilus lemmingii (
34. o)Rutilus frisii meidingeri (V) Rutilus alburnoides (
35. o)Scardinius graecus (
36. o)Squalius svallize (
37. o)COBITIDAE Cobitis elongata (
38. o)FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION [ S.L.549.44 Cobitis taenia (
39. o)(except the Finnish populations) Cobitis trichonica (
40. o)Misgurnus fossilis (
41. o)Sabanejewia aurata (
42. o)Sabanejewia larvata (
43. o)(Cobitis larvata and Cobitis conspersa) SILURIFORMES SILURIDAE Silurus aristotelis (V) ATHERINIFORMES CYPRINODONTIDAE Aphanius iberus (
44. o)Aphanius fasciatus (
45. o)* Valencia hispanica * Valencia letourneuxi (Valencia hispanica) PERCIFORMES PERCIDAE Gymnocephalus baloni Gymnocephalus schraetzer (V) * Romanichthys valsanicola Zingel spp. ((
46. o)except Zingel asper and Zingel zingel (V)) GOBIIDAE Knipowitschia croatica (
47. o)Knipowitschia (Padogobius) panizzae (
48. o)Padogobius nigricans (
49. o)Pomatoschistus canestrini (
50. o)SCORPAENIFORMES COTTIDAE Cottus gobio (
51. o)(except the Finnish populations) Cottus petiti (
52. o)INVERTEBRATES ARTHROPODS CRUSTACEA DECAPODA Austropotamobius pallipes (V) * Austropotamobius torrentium (V) ISOPOSA * Armadillidium ghardalamensis 47 48 [ S.L.549.44 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION INSECTA COLEOPTERA Agathidium pulchellum (
53. o)Bolbelasmus unicornis Boros schneideri (
54. o)Buprestis splendens Carabus hampei Carabus hungaricus * Carabus menetriesi pacholei * Carabus olympiae Carabus variolosus Carabus zawadszkii Cerambyx cerdo Corticaria planula (
55. o)Cucujus cinnaberinus Dorcadion fulvum cervae Duvalius gebhardti Duvalius hungaricus Dytiscus latissimus Graphoderus bilineatus Leptodirus hochenwarti Limoniscus violaceus (
56. o)Lucanus cervus (
57. o)Macroplea pubipennis (
58. o)Mesosa myops (
59. o)Morimus funereus (
60. o)* Osmoderma eremita Oxyporus mannerheimii (
61. o)Pilemia tigrina * Phryganophilus ruficollis Probaticus subrugosus Propomacrus cypriacus * Pseudogaurotina excellens Pseudoseriscius cameroni Pytho kolwensis Rhysodes sulcatus (
62. o)* Rosalia alpina FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION [ S.L.549.44 Stephanopachys linearis (
63. o)Stephanopachys substriatus (
64. o)Xyletinus tremulicola (
65. o)HEMIPTERA Aradus angularis (
66. o)LEPIDOPTERA Agriades glandon aquilo (
67. o)Arytrura musculus * Callimorpha (Euplagia, Panaxia) quadripunctaria (
68. o)Catopta thrips Chondrosoma fiduciarium Clossiana improba (
69. o)Coenonympha oedippus Colias myrmidone Cucullia mixta Dioszeghyana schmidtii Erannis ankeraria Erebia calcaria Erebia christi Erebia medusa polaris (
70. o)Eriogaster catax Euphydryas (Eurodryas, Hypodryas) aurinia (
71. o)Glyphipterix loricatella Gortyna borelii lunata Graellsia isabellae (V) Hesperia comma catena (
72. o)Hypodryas maturna Leptidea morsei Lignyoptera fumidaria Lycaena dispar Lycaena helle Maculinea nausithous Maculinea teleius Melanargia arge * Nymphalis vaualbum Papilio hospiton Phyllometra culminaria 49 50 [ S.L.549.44 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION Plebicula golgus Polymixis rufocincta isolata Polyommatus eroides Proterebia afra dalmata Pseudophilotes bavius Xestia borealis (
73. o)Xestia brunneopicta (
74. o)* Xylomoia strix MANTODEA Apteromantis aptera ODONATA Coenagrion hylas (
75. o)Coenagrion mercuriale (
76. o)Coenagrion ornatum (
77. o)Cordulegaster heros Cordulegaster trinacriae Gomphus graslinii Leucorrhinia pectoralis Lindenia tetraphylla Macromia splendens Ophiogomphus cecilia Oxygastra curtisii ORTHOPTERA Baetica ustulata Brachytrupes megacephalus Isophya costata Isophya harzi Isophya stysi Myrmecophilus baronii Odontopodisma rubripes Paracaloptenus caloptenoides Pholidoptera transsylvanica Stenobothrus (Stenobothrodes) eurasius ARACHNIDA Pseudoscorpiones Anthrenochernes stellae (
78. o)MOLLUSCS FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION [ S.L.549.44 GASTROPODA Anisus vorticulus Caseolus calculus Caseolus commixta Caseolus sphaerula Chilostoma banaticum Discula leacockiana Discula tabellata Discus guerinianus Elona quimperiana Geomalacus maculosus Geomitra moniziana Gibbula nivosa * Helicopsis striata austriaca (
79. o)Hygromia kovacsi Idiomela (Helix) subplicata Lampedusa imitatrix * Lampedusa melitensis Leiostyla abbreviata Leiostyla cassida Leiostyla corneocostata Leiostyla gibba Leiostyla lamellosa * Paladilhia hungarica Sadleriana pannonica Theodoxus transversalis Vertigo angustior (
80. o)Vertigo genesii (
81. o)Vertigo geyeri (
82. o)Vertigo moulinsiana (
83. o)BIVALVIA UNIONOIDA Margaritifera durrovensis (Margaritifera margaritifera) (V) Margaritifera margaritifera (V) Unio crassus DREISSENIDAE Congeria kusceri 51 52 [ S.L.549.44 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION (
84. b)PLANTS PTERIDOPHYTA ASPLENIACEAE Asplenium jahandiezii (Litard.) Rouy Asplenium adulterinum Milde BLECHNACEAE Woodwardia radicans (L.) Sm. DICKSONIACEAE Culcita macrocarpa C. Presl DRYOPTERIDACEAE Diplazium sibiricum (Turcz. ex Kunze) Kurata * Dryopteris corleyi Fraser-Jenk. Dryopteris fragans (L.) Schott HYMENOPHYLLACEAE Trichomanes speciosum Willd. ISOETACEAE Isoetes boryana Durieu Isoetes malinverniana Ces. & De Not. MARSILEACEAE Marsilea batardae Launert Marsilea quadrifolia L. Marsilea strigosa Willd. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Botrychium simplex Hitchc. Ophioglossum polyphyllum A. Braun GYMNOSPERMAE PINACEAE * Abies nebrodensis (Lojac.) Mattei ANGIOSPERMAE ALISMATACEAE * Alisma wahlenbergii (Holmberg) Juz. Caldesia parnassifolia (L.) Parl. Luronium natans (L.) Raf. AMARYLLIDACEAE Leucojum nicaeense Ard. Narcissus asturiensis (Jordan) Pugsley Narcissus calcicola Mendonça FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION [ S.L.549.44 Narcissus cyclamineus DC. Narcissus fernandesii G. Pedro Narcissus humilis (Cav.) Traub * Narcissus nevadensis Pugsley Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. subsp. nobilis (Haw.) A. Fernandes Narcissus scaberulus Henriq. Narcissus triandrus L. subsp. capax (Salisb.) D. A. Webb. Narcissus viridiflorus Schousboe ASCLEPIADACEAE Vincetoxicum pannonicum (Borhidi) Holub BORAGINACEAE * Anchusa crispa Viv. Echium russicum J.F.Gemlin * Lithodora nitida (H. Ern) R. Fernandes Myosotis lusitanica Schuster Myosotis rehsteineri Wartm. Myosotis retusifolia R. Afonso Omphalodes kuzinskyanae Willk. * Omphalodes littoralis Lehm. * Onosma tornensis Javorka Solenanthus albanicus (Degen & al.) Degen & Baldacci * Symphytum cycladense Pawl. CAMPANULACEAE Adenophora lilifolia (L.) Ledeb. Asyneuma giganteum (Boiss.) Bornm. * Campanula bohemica Hruby * Campanula gelida Kovanda Campanula romanica Săvul. * Campanula sabatia De Not. * Campanula serrata (Kit.) Hendrych Campanula zoysii Wulfen Jasione crispa (Pourret) Samp. subsp. serpentinica Pinto da Silva Jasione lusitanica A. DC. CARYOPHYLLACEAE Arenaria ciliata L. subsp. pseudofrigida Ostenf. & O.C. Dahl Arenaria humifusa Wahlenberg * Arenaria nevadensis Boiss. & Reuter 53 54 [ S.L.549.44 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION Arenaria provincialis Chater & Halliday * Cerastium alsinifolium Tausch Cerastium dinaricum G.Beck & Szysz. Dianthus arenarius L. subsp. arenarius * Dianthus arenarius subsp. bohemicus (Novak) O.Schwarz Dianthus cintranus Boiss. & Reuter subsp. cintranus Boiss. & Reuter * Dianthus diutinus Kit. * Dianthus lumnitzeri Wiesb. Dianthus marizii (Samp.) Samp. * Dianthus moravicus Kovanda * Dianthus nitidus Waldst. et Kit. Dianthus plumarius subsp. regis-stephani (Rapcs.) Baksay Dianthus rupicola Biv. * Gypsophila papillosa P. Porta Herniaria algarvica Chaudhri * Herniaria latifolia Lapeyr. subsp. litardierei Gamis Herniaria lusitanica (Chaudhri) subsp. berlengiana Chaudhri Herniaria maritima Link * Minuartia smejkalii Dvorakova Moehringia jankae Griseb. ex Janka Moehringia lateriflora (L.) Fenzl. Moehringia tommasinii Marches. Moehringia villosa (Wulfen) Fenzl Petrocoptis grandiflora Rothm. Petrocoptis montsicciana O. Bolos & Rivas Mart. Petrocoptis pseudoviscosa Fernandez Casas Silene furcata Rafin. subsp. angustiflora (Rupr.) Walters * Silene hicesiae Brullo & Signorello Silene hifacensis Rouy ex Willk. * Silene holzmanii Heldr. ex Boiss. Silene longicilia (Brot.) Otth. Silene mariana Pau * Silene orphanidis Boiss * Silene rothmaleri Pinto da Silva * Silene velutina Pourret ex Loisel. CHENOPODIACEAE * Bassia (Kochia) saxicola (Guss.) A. J. Scott FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION [ S.L.549.44 * Cremnophyton lanfrancoi Brullo et Pavone * Salicornia veneta Pignatti & Lausi CISTACEAE Cistus palhinhae Ingram Halimium verticillatum (Brot.) Sennen Helianthemum alypoides Losa & Rivas Goday Helianthemum caput-felis Boiss. * Tuberaria major (Willk.) Pinto da Silva & Rozeira COMPOSITAE * Anthemis glaberrima (Rech. f.) Greuter Artemisia campestris L. subsp. bottnica A.N. Lundström ex Kindb. * Artemisia granatensis Boiss. * Artemisia laciniata Willd. Artemisia oelandica (Besser) Komaror * Artemisia pancicii (Janka) Ronn. * Aster pyrenaeus Desf. ex DC * Aster sorrentinii (Tod) Lojac. Carlina onopordifolia Besser * Carduus myriacanthus Salzm. ex DC. * Centaurea alba L. subsp. heldreichii (Halacsy) Dostal * Centaurea alba L. subsp. princeps (Boiss. & Heldr.) Gugler * Centaurea akamantis T. Georgiadis & G. Chatzikyriakou * Centaurea attica Nyman subsp. megarensis (Halacsy & Hayek) Dostal * Centaurea balearica J. D. Rodriguez * Centaurea borjae Valdes-Berm. & Rivas Goday * Centaurea citricolor Font Quer Centaurea corymbosa Pourret Centaurea gadorensis G. Blanca * Centaurea horrida Badaro Centaurea immanuelis-loewii Degen Centaurea jankae Brandza * Centaurea kalambakensis Freyn & Sint. Centaurea kartschiana Scop. * Centaurea lactiflora Halacsy Centaurea micrantha Hoffmanns. & Link subsp. herminii (Rouy) Dostál * Centaurea niederi Heldr. * Centaurea peucedanifolia Boiss. & Orph. 55 56 [ S.L.549.44 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION * Centaurea pinnata Pau Centaurea pontica Prodan & E. I. Nyàràdy Centaurea pulvinata (G. Blanca) G. Blanca Centaurea rothmalerana (Arènes) Dostál Centaurea vicentina Mariz Cirsium brachycephalum Juratzka * Crepis crocifolia Boiss. & Heldr. Crepis granatensis (Willk.) B. Blanca & M. Cueto Crepis pusilla (Sommier) Merxmüller Crepis tectorum L. subsp. nigrescens Erigeron frigidus Boiss. ex DC. * Helichrysum melitense (Pignatti) Brullo et al Hymenostemma pseudanthemis (Kunze) Willd. Hyoseris frutescens Brullo et Pavone * Jurinea cyanoides (L.) Reichenb. * Jurinea fontqueri Cuatrec. * Lamyropsis microcephala (Moris) Dittrich & Greuter Leontodon microcephalus (Boiss. ex DC.) Boiss. Leontodon boryi Boiss. * Leontodon siculus (Guss.) Finch & Sell Leuzea longifolia Hoffmanns. & Link Ligularia sibirica (L.) Cass. * Palaeocyanus crassifolius (Bertoloni) Dostal Santolina impressa Hoffmanns. & Link Santolina semidentata Hoffmanns. & Link Saussurea alpina subsp. esthonica (Baer ex Rupr) Kupffer * Senecio elodes Boiss. ex DC. Senecio jacobea L. subsp. gotlandicus (Neuman) Sterner Senecio nevadensis Boiss. & Reuter * Serratula lycopifolia (Vill.) A. Kern Tephroseris longifolia (Jacq.) Griseb et Schenk subsp. moravica CONVOLVULACEAE * Convolvulus argyrothamnus Greuter * Convolvulus fernandesii Pinto da Silva & Teles CRUCIFERAE Alyssum pyrenaicum Lapeyr. * Arabis kennedyae Meikle FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION [ S.L.549.44 57 Arabis sadina (Samp.) P. Cout. Arabis scopoliana Boiss * Biscutella neustriaca Bonnet Biscutella vincentina (Samp.) Rothm. Boleum asperum (Pers.) Desvaux Brassica glabrescens Poldini Brassica hilarionis Post Brassica insularis Moris * Brassica macrocarpa Guss. Braya linearis Rouy * Cochlearia polonica E. Fröhlich * Cochlearia tatrae Borbas * Coincya rupestris Rouy * Coronopus navasii Pau Crambe tataria Sebeok Degenia velebitica (Degen) Hayek Diplotaxis ibicensis (Pau) Gomez-Campo * Diplotaxis siettiana Maire Diplotaxis vicentina (P. Cout.) Rothm. Draba cacuminum Elis Ekman Draba cinerea Adams Draba dorneri Heuffel. Erucastrum palustre (Pirona) Vis. * Erysimum pieninicum (Zapal.) Pawl. * Iberis arbuscula Runemark Iberis procumbens Lange subsp. microcarpa Franco & Pinto da Silva * Jonopsidium acaule (Desf.) Reichenb. Jonopsidium savianum (Caruel) Ball ex Arcang. Rhynchosinapis erucastrum (L.) Dandy ex Clapham subsp. cintrana (Coutinho) Franco & P. Silva (Coincya cintrana (P. Cout.) Pinto da Silva) Sisymbrium cavanillesianum Valdes & Castroviejo Sisymbrium supinum L. Thlaspi jankae A. Kern. CYPERACEAE Carex holostoma Drejer * Carex panormitana Guss. Eleocharis carniolica Koch DIOSCOREACEAE 58 [ S.L.549.44 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION * Borderea chouardii (Gaussen) Heslot DROSERACEAE Aldrovanda vesiculosa L. ELATINACEAE Elatine gussonei (Sommier) Brullo et al ERICACEAE Rhododendron luteum Sweet EUPHORBIACEAE * Euphorbia margalidiana Kuhbier & Lewejohann Eurphorbia transtagana Boiss. GENTIANACEAE * Centaurium rigualii Esteve * Centaurium somedanum Lainz Gentiana ligustica R. de Vilm. & Chopinet Gentianella anglica (Pugsley) E. F. Warburg * Gentianella bohemica Skalicky GERANIACEAE * Erodium astragaloides Boiss. & Reuter Erodium paularense Fernandez-Gonzalez & Izco * Erodium rupicola Boiss. GLOBULARIACEAE * Globularia stygia Orph. ex Boiss. GRAMINEAE Arctagrostis latifolia (R. Br.) Griseb. Arctophila fulva (Trin.) N. J. Anderson Avenula hackelii (Henriq.) Holub Bromus grossus Desf. ex DC. Calamagrostis chalybaea (Laest.) Fries Cinna latifolia (Trev.) Griseb. Coleanthus subtilis (Tratt.) Seidl Festuca brigantina (Markgr.-Dannenb.) Markgr.-Dannenb. Festuca duriotagana Franco & R. Afonso Festuca elegans Boiss. Festuca henriquesii Hack. Festuca summilusitana Franco & R. Afonso Gaudinia hispanica Stace & Tutin Holcus setiglumis Boiss. & Reuter subsp. duriensis Pinto da Silva FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION [ S.L.549.44 Micropyropsis tuberosa Romero - Zarco & Cabezudo Poa granitica Br.-Bl. subsp. disparilis (E.I.Nyárády) * Poa riphaea (Ascher et Graebner) Fritsch Pseudarrhenatherum pallens (Link) J. Holub Puccinellia phryganodes (Trin.) Scribner + Merr. Puccinellia pungens (Pau) Paunero * Stipa austroitalica Martinovsky * Stipa bavarica Martinovsky & H. Scholz Stipa danubialis Dihoru & Roman * Stipa styriaca Martinovsky * Stipa veneta Moraldo * Stipa zalesskii Wilensky Trisetum subalpestre (Hartman) Neuman GROSSULARIACEAE * Ribes sardoum Martelli HIPPURIDACEAE Hippuris tetraphylla L. Fil. HYPERICACEAE * Hypericum aciferum (Greuter) N.K.B. Robson IRIDACEAE Crocus cyprius Boiss. et Kotschy Crocus hartmannianus Holmboe Gladiolus palustris Gaud. Iris aphylla L. subsp. hungarica Hegi Iris humilis Georgi subsp. arenaria (Waldst. et Kit.) A. et D. Löve JUNCACEAE Juncus valvatus Link Luzula arctica Blytt LABIATAE Dracocephalum austriacum L. * Micromeria taygetea P. H. Davis Nepeta dirphya (Boiss.) Heldr. ex Halacsy * Nepeta sphaciotica P. H. Davis Origanum dictamnus L. Phlomis brevibracteata Turril Phlomis cypria Post Salvia veneris Hedge 59 60 [ S.L.549.44 FLORA, FAUNA AND NATURAL HABITATS PROTECTION Sideritis cypria Post Sideritis incana subsp. glauca (Cav.) Malagarriga Sideritis javalambrensis Pau Sideritis serrata Cav. ex Lag. Teucrium lepicephalum Pau Teucrium turredanum Losa & Rivas Goday * Thymus camphoratus Hoffmanns. & Link Thymus carnosus Boiss. * Thymus lotocephalus G. López & R. Morales (Thymus cephalotos L.) LEGUMINOSAE Anthyllis hystrix Cardona, Contandr. & E. Sierra * Astragalus algarbiensis Coss. ex Bunge * Astragalus aquilanus Anzalone Astragalus centralpinus Braun-Blanquet * Astragal